Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.34 Published:15 December 2016

  Sabina chinensis: Blocking Effect on Atmospheric Particulates Yan Guoxin,Zhang Dequan,Zou Yuqi,,Liu Jiakai and Zhang Zhenming 2016, 32 (34):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030212 Abstract + ( 965 )   PDF ( 945KB )   ( 416 ) The paper aims to research the ability of the individual tree to intercept atmospheric particulate matter. The authors analyzed the change rule of atmospheric particulate matter, such as PM2.5, PM10 and TSP in different heights of the tree crown of Sabina chinensis as well as different seasons, and evaluated the block effect of 3 heights of Sabina chinensis and analyzed 6 soluble ions of PM2.5 by IC (ion chromatography). The results indicated that: there were similar change rules of atmospheric particulate matter in different heights and all showed the minimum at noon, however, the block effect rate of 3 heights had great disparities and the maximum appeared in the middle part, especially on PM2.5 and the efficiency could reach 47.6%, then followed by the upper part, and the under part was the lowest; comparing different seasons, spring showed the highest concentration, followed by summer, while autumn showed the lowest concentration, what’s more, the gentlest fluctuation also appeared in autumn; Na and NH4 were at the highest concentration of soluble ions and Sabina chinensis was effective at blocking F- and Na , the efficiency was 87.62% and 68.27%, respectively.

  Microbial Fertilizer: Effect on Growth and Nutrient Status of Cinnamomum japonicum var. chenii and Machilus thunbergii Wang Guoming,Zhao Ying,Wang Meiqin,Zhang Ling and Qiu Haisheng 2016, 32 (34):  7-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050050 Abstract + ( 1223 )   PDF ( 887KB )   ( 424 ) The paper aims to enhance stress resistance of seedlings and improve the survival rate of afforestation in difficult sites of island. The effect of microbial fertilizer on seedling growth, biomass and nutrient status of Cinnamomum japonicum var. chenii and Machilus thunbergii were studied by using different kinds and amounts of microbial fertilizer. The results showed that: there was no obvious effect on the growth and biomass accumulation of C. japonicum var. chenii by using different kinds and amounts of microbial fertilizer, but microbial fertilizer could significantly improve the height, diameter and biomass accumulation of M. thunbergii, among them, the growth of height increased by 36.39% and 33.76%, the growth of diameter increased by 17.63% and 15.40%, the total biomass increased by 57.04% and 56.50% by using 40 g and 60 g per pot of bio-gain microbial fertilizer, and the growth of the two species was significantly inhibited by only using high N concentration microbial fertilizer. Microbial fertilizer was beneficial to improve the accumulation of N and P in roots and stems of C. japonicum var. chenii, and substantially enhanced the accumulation of N, P and K of M. thunbergii. The N concentration in roots of C. japonicum var. chenii respectively increased by 13.87% and 17.65%, by using 20 g and 40 g per pot of bio-gain microbial fertilizer, and P concentration in stems respectively increased by 13.39% and 12.60%, while respectively increasing by 27.29% and 11.48% in roots, the trends were consistent between the content change of N, P, K and the concentration of microbial fertilizer; the N concentration in roots of M. thunbergii respectively increased by 10.53% and 27.32% by using 40 g and 60 g per pot of bio-gain microbial fertilizer, and P concentration respectively increased by 47.78% and 70.82%, and K concentration respectively increased by 24.74% and 35.99%. Therefore, the content increased significantly.

  The Relationship Between Cultivation Density and Growth and Quality of Sapium sebiferum and Sapindus Container-grown Seedling Zheng Jian,Ma Xiaohua,Liao Liang,Chen Qiuxia,Qian Renjuan and Zhang Xule 2016, 32 (34):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060041 Abstract + ( 937 )   PDF ( 664KB )   ( 391 ) In order to improve the seedling quality of Sapium sebiferum and Sapindus, the authors explored the influence of cultivation density on morphology change and seedling quality. Five cultivation density treatments were set to study the growth process and dry matter accumulation, leaf number and main root length of Sapium sebiferum and Sapindus. The results showed that under different cultivation densities, the differences in growth process of Sapium sebiferum and Sapindus were significant. The seedling height of Sapium sebiferum and Sapindus seedlings increased gradually with the increase of cultivation density, while the seedling height stopped growing when cultivation density reached a certain degree. The biomass of single plant and stem increased with the increase of cultivation density, and the percentage of qualified seedling of Sapium sebiferum and Sapindus decreased with the increase of cultivation density, which showed a negative correlation with cultivation density. Comprehensive analysis of seedling height, ground diameter, single seedling biomass, stem biomass, seedling morphological factor differentiation parameters, percentage of qualified seedling, qualified seedling number in unite area and other indicators indicated that when the cultivation density of Sapindus was 280-342 plant/m2 and that of Sapium sebiferum was 337-412 plant/m2, the percentage of qualified seedling grade was higher and growth morphology and plant quality were more coordinated.

  Research Progress of Messerschmidia sibirica Linn. Wang Defang and Zheng Zhiyong 2016, 32 (34):  21-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040080 Abstract + ( 1226 )   PDF ( 558KB )   ( 511 ) Haze was serious in large and medium-sized cities of China in recent years, wind-sand activity and sandstorm phenomenon existed in winter and spring seasons in northern area for a long time, and the widespread use of chloric snow-melting agent brought crushing blow to farms and green belt on both sides of the road, at the same time, water resource was seriously deficient in large cities. The authors summarized the plant classification, physiological ecology characteristics and application value of Messerschmidia sibirica Linn. By the method of literature analysis, the physiological ecology characteristics were mainly elaborated from salt alkaline tolerance, drought resistance, heat resistance, sand buried resistance, barren tolerance, waterlogging resistance and community characteristics. The application value was also affirmed, it not only had the effect of sand stabilization, soil improvement, vegetation restoration and landscaping, but also could be used in medicine, feed, nectar source plants, green manure and so on. Finally, the authors discussed the development direction and existing problems of the research on Messerschmidia sibirica Linn, in order to provide certain information for future study.

  Effects of Different Seedling Modes on Tobacco Growth, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco Yang Longfei,Wang Peng,Li Wenqing,Liu Guoqing and Zhang Kunpeng 2016, 32 (34):  25-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070131 Abstract + ( 927 )   PDF ( 482KB )   ( 443 ) To improve the quality of tobacco seedling, promote tobacco plants to grow early and quickly, the modified floating nursery, sand-culture nursery, and conventional floating nursery were compared, and the effects of seedling mode on tobacco growth, yield and quality were studied. The results showed that: compared with conventional floating and sand-culture seedling nursery, modified floating nursery promoted seedling growth and development at all stages, every growth stage was in advance, seedling quality were excellent, seedling restitution stage after transplanting was shortened. Modified floating seedling plants had bigger stem girth after topping, but the height and internodes space were smaller than that of the control treatment; the nicotine content of middle and upper tobacco leaves were significantly improved, and the production value was higher than that of the control. Modified tobacco floating nursery improved the seedling quality obviously, promoted early growth and rapid development of tobacco plants in Fujian tobacco area in low temperature condition, and increased production value of tobacco leaves.

  Effects of Number and Period of Removing the Field Inapplicability and Fresh Leafon Chemical Components of Upper Flue-cured Tobacco Zou Kai,Yu Qingtao,Deng Xiaohua,Zhang Guangli,Yang Xiangkui,Zeng Yu,Liu Congcong and Lei Tianyi 2016, 32 (34):  30-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15070058 Abstract + ( 937 )   PDF ( 555KB )   ( 367 ) To identify the optimum number and period of removing the field inapplicability and fresh leaves, the variance analysis and comprehensiveevaluation way of orthogonal experiment design were employed to study the influence of different numbers and periods of removing the field inapplicability and fresh leaves on chemical components of upper flue-cured tobacco. The results showed that the number of removing the lower leaves was the key factortochemical components of flue-cured tobacco. The bestmodel of structure optimization of flue-cured tobacco in Shaoyang was removing 2 lower tobacco leaves at the time oftobacco topping and removing 1 top tobacco leaves at the time of the first roast from the bottom.The number and period of removing the inapplicability and fresh leaf in field affected chemical components of upper flue-cured tobacco.

  Breeding and Characteristics of a New Burley Variety ‘Eyan 215’ Huang Wenchangl,Wang Yil,Cheng Junqi,Lin Guopin,Wu Chenglinl,Cao Jinglin,Li Xihong,Wang Rui,Wu Kesong,Gao Aifei,Zhang Junjie,Li Yapei,Ma Yanjun,Liu Shenggao and 刘放 2016, 32 (34):  35-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050111 Abstract + ( 901 )   PDF ( 543KB )   ( 339 ) The new burley tobacco variety ‘Eyan 215’ was bred from female parent ‘MSBurley21’ and male parent ‘Virginia509’. It was approved by National Tobacco Variety Approval Committee in April 2015. It is a non-transgenic tobacco with stable heredity and grows vigorously in the fields. The comprehensive economic characters are close to the contrast variety ‘Eyan 1’, and the appearance quality of tobacco was good. It has suitable and harmonious internal chemical constituents and good physical properties, the smoking quality is medium and equal to ‘Eyan 1’. ‘Eyan 215’ is resistant to TMV and black shank, susceptible to root knot nematode disease, and susceptible to Alternaria alternata. With good quality, good resistance and better yield, ‘Eyan 215’ is suitable to be the reserve variety.

  Correlation of Color Parameters and Anthocyanin Contents of Purple Lettuce 2016, 32 (34):  42-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030170 Abstract + ( 727 )   PDF ( 533KB )   ( 376 ) To obtain relevant leaf color data of current purple leaf lettuce and establish grading standards, the study used colorimeter and HPLC to measure anthocyanin contents and color indices of 40 different colored lactuca cultivars. Correlation analysis between the color parameters and contents of anthocyanin was conducted so that to establish a grading system. According to special color parameters and anthocyanin content, purple leaf lettuce could be divided into five levels, i.e. green, light purple, middle purple, purple and deep purple, and a leaf grading system was established. According to purple part distribution on leaf, purple leaf lettuce could be divided into four categories, i.e. skirt purple, gradient purple, all purple leaves and spotted purple. This paper provided a scientific method to measure and evaluate leaf color traits, thus to help cultivate new varieties of purple lactuca.

  In vitro Culture Technique for Rapid Propagation of Lateral Bud of Lycopersicon esculentum‘Xiariyangguang’ Lai Chengchun,Pan Hong,Fan Lihua,Xie Honggen and Huang Xiangui 2016, 32 (34):  49-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030208 Abstract + ( 982 )   PDF ( 664KB )   ( 488 ) Lycopersicon esculentum ‘Xiariyangguang’is an imported high- level tomato variety recently, which gets the favor of market because of high yield and high quality. However, it is difficult to be planted in large scale for marketing because of its expensive seeds, which are all hybrid F1 generation. Base on the plant in vitro culture techniques, the seedlings ofLycopersicon esculentum‘Xiariyangguang’will be propagated rapidly. Therefore, it is a feasible way for promoting this variety in production. In order to rapidly establish aseptic lines ofLycopersicon esculentum‘Xiariyangguang’and obtain high-performance proliferation of its shootsin vitro , the key techniques were investigated by using its lateral buds as materials during itsin vitro culture. The results showed that after its explant was disinfected by using 0.1% mercuric chloride with some Tween 20 treatment for 8 min, the aseptic lines of Lycopersicon esculentum ‘Xiariyangguang’could be established in media MS 0.1 mg/L BA 0.1 mg/L IBA, whose seedling rate was 46.7%. The medium MS 0.5 mg/L BA 0.1 mg/L IBA was suitable for bud seedling subculture and proliferation to obtain healthy and strong plantlets. Its multiplication rate could reach 4.3. These techniques could lay the foundation for largescale propagation ofLycopersicon sculentum‘Xiariyangguang’seedlings.

  Genetic Analysis of Leaf Stalk-stem Angle Using Mixture Model of Major Gene Plus Polygene in Cucumis melo L. Xiong Jiangling,Zhao Guangwei,Xu Zhihong,He Yuhua,Kong Weihu,Zhang Jian and Xu Yongyang 2016, 32 (34):  55-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080043 Abstract + ( 662 )   PDF ( 614KB )   ( 425 ) Leaf stalk-stem angle is one of important plant architecture traits in melon (Cucumis melo L.). In this study, the genetic characteristic of leaf stalk-stem angle was analyzed to provide theoretical basis for plant type breeding of melon. The varieties B103 (with small leaf stalk-stem angle) and B297 (with big leaf stalk-stem angle) were used as parent lines and the four generation group (P1, P2, F1 and F2) was then constructed. The mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model was used to analyze the inheritance of leaf stalk-stem angle. The results of two years showed that the leaf stalk-stem angle of melon was a quantitative trait and its inheritance was controlled by a mixed genetic model of two major genes with additive-dominant-epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive-dominant effects (the E-1 model). The heritability of major genes and polygenes for leaf stalk-stem angle were estimated to be 72.28% and 0 respectively in autumn of 2015 and 52.06% and 0 respectively in spring of 2016. The results indicated that the inheritance of the leaf stalk-stem angle in melon accorded with a genetic model of two major genes with additive, dominant and epistatic effects plus polygenes with additive, dominant effects (the E-1 model). This trait was controlled by major genes and was also affected by environment.

  Comprehensive Traits of Improved Variety of Mango in Yunnan: Comparison and Analysis Zhang Cuixian,Zhang Faming,Xie Dehong,Chen Yufu,Bai Tianqi,Zhang Huiyun,Yang Yang and Ni Zhangguang 2016, 32 (34):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040177 Abstract + ( 768 )   PDF ( 514KB )   ( 392 ) The comprehensive comparison of 12 mango varieties were conducted to screen out improved mango varieties suitable for planting in Yunnan. ‘Sannianmang’ was selected to be the rootstock, ‘Yunre-5006’, ‘Yunre-5007’, ‘Guifei’, ‘Keitt’, ‘Jinhuang’, ‘Sensation’, ‘Tainong No.1’, ‘Chok Anan’, ‘Mya HinTa ’, ‘Seintalon’, and ‘Nan Doc Mai No.4’ were used as scion to graft onto. Phenological period, quality of berry, storage property, yield and production potentiality were studied and analyzed. The results showed that: compared with ‘Sannianmang’, all varieties matured later and the storage property was high; yield of 11 mango varieties were better than that of ‘Sannianmang’, while prices was higher than that of ‘Sannianmang’ except ‘Yunre-5006’; comprehensive grading was carried out according to single fruit weight, edible rate, the content of soluble solid, storability, individual yield and average unit price, and the comprehensive traits rank from high to low was ‘Nam Doc Mai No.4’, ‘Jinhuang’, ‘Chok Anan’, ‘Mya HinTa ’, ‘Guifei’, ‘Keitt’, ‘Seintalon’, ‘Tainong No.1’, ‘Sensation’, ‘Yunre-5006’, ‘Yunre-5007’ and ‘Sannianmang’; the mango varieties in this study were suitable to be planted and extended widely in Yunnan, of which ‘Nan Doc Mai No.4’, ‘Jinhuang’, ‘Tainong No.1’, ‘Seintalon’, ‘Mya HinTa ’ and ‘Guifei’ could be popularized in the subtropical regions below 1200 m; ‘Yunre-5006’, ‘Yunre-5007’, ‘Sannianmang’, ‘Chok Anan’ could be popularized in the subtropical regions below 1400 m; furthermore, ‘Keitt’ and ‘Sensation’ could be popularized in the subtropical regions of 1400-1600 m.

  Endogenous Hormone Change in Wax Apple Leaves During Forcing Culture Zhang Xijuan,Xu Ling,Yu Dong,Chen Zhifeng,Zhang Limei,Wei Xiuqing and Xu Jiahui 2016, 32 (34):  67-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050032 Abstract + ( 976 )   PDF ( 576KB )   ( 479 ) Concentrations of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin (ZT) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the leaves of wax apple during forcing culture to elucidate the possible relationship between endogenous hormones and floral induction. The results showed that the levels of IAA, ZT, GA3 and ABA in leaves declined after shading. The levels of IAA, ZT, ABA increased after flower forcing while the level of GA3 declined. The low ratios of IAA/ABA, GA3/ABA, (IAA GA3)/ABA and the high ratio of ZT/GA3 were beneficial to floral induction. High ABA level, low GA3/ABA ratio and high ZT/GA3 ratio might play a dominant role in flower bud differentiation in wax apple.

  Cloning and Expression Analysis of Phytoene Desaturase Gene in Anthurium andraeanum. Cui Jinteng,Tian Na,Zhang Kezhong and Feng Yaru 2016, 32 (34):  72-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060139 Abstract + ( 728 )   PDF ( 1628KB )   ( 427 ) The aim was to provide a theoretical basis for pigmentation mechanism of leaves and flower of Anthurium andraeanum. Anthurium andraeanum ‘Alabama’ was used as the material, the AaPDS gene was cloned by RACE, and expression analysis was performed by RT-PCR. AaPDS cDNA sequence consisted of 2226 bp with an intact open reading frame of 1767 bp, encoding 588 amino acids. Analysis of sequence alignment indicated that AaPDS sequence had 74%-79% identity with those of Narcissus tazetta, Strelitzia reginae, Nicotiana tabacum, Vitis vinifera, Hydrilla verticillata, Helianthus annuus et al. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that AaPDS was clustered together with those of moncotylous plants, such as Hydrilla verticillata, Oryza sativa, Narcissus tazetta and Strelitzia reginae et al. RT-PCR analysis indicated that AaPDS showed the greatest expression in the spadix, then the expression was gradually reduced in spathe, leaf, stem and root. Taxonomy results obtained by molecular biology were consistent with those by traditional methods. The PDS gene in carotenoids metabolic pathway played some a certain role in the organ pigmentation of Anthurium andraeanum.

  Effects of Different Treatments on Nymphoides indica Seed Germination Chao Xiongxiong and Sun Yan 2016, 32 (34):  80-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090119 Abstract + ( 730 )   PDF ( 1322KB )   ( 368 ) The paper aims to know the seed characteristics and germination condition of Nymphoides indica, the seed morphology (diameter and thousand seed weight) and seed germination characteristics under different illumination, temperature, GA3 concentration and pH solution treatments were studied. The results showed that: the seed diameter of N. indica was (0.704±0.048) mm, thousand seed weight was (0.1102±0.05) g; the seed had a mature embryo when it abscised from its parent; the rate of seed germination under light condition was higher than that under dark treatment; the over-high or over-low temperature inhibited seed germination, and the optimum temperature was 25℃; a certain concentration of GA3 solution promoted the seed germination of N. indica, but the concentration should not be too high; N. indica seed had a wide adaptability to pH value, both the seed germination rate and the germination index were higher when the pH value was between 6 and 7. Therefore, the seed of N. indica was light-needing during germination, its optimal temperature was 25℃, the neutral partial weak acid environment was good for germination, and the seed germination rate can reach more than 97 % when the GA3 concentration was from 50 to 400 mg/L.

  Key Techniques for Rapid Propagation of Haworthia cooperi var. pilfera of Liliaceae Guo Shenghu,Zhu Yongxing and Guan Yajing 2016, 32 (34):  85-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080130 Abstract + ( 1270 )   PDF ( 697KB )   ( 1071 ) The research aims to establish a rapid regeneration system of Haworthia cooperi var. pilfera. The authors used the inflorescence as explants and MS as the basic medium to research the effect of different proportions of hormones on inducing differentiation, growth, expanding propagation, strong young plants and producing roots. The efficient technique system for rapid propagation was established. The result showed that the optimal priming medium was MS 6-BA 2.0 mg/L NAA 0.02 mg/L and the optimal induction and differentiation medium was MS 6-BA 0.5 mg/L KT 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.01 mg/L and the callus induction rate was 87.1%, the bud differentiation rate reached 52.3%. The best rooting medium was 1/2MS IBA 0.5 mg/L NAA 0.1 mg/L AC 0.5 g/L. The root growing rate of tube-seeding was 97.5% and the transplanted seedling had a survival rate up to 90%. The techniques based on this research for tissue culture and rapid propagation had no damage to the female and could be applied to large-scale production of Haworthia cooperi var. pilfera seedlings.

  Determination on Metallic Elements from Different Organs in Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawl.) Miers. by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Liu Qiaofeng,Zhang Yuxi,Cai Yingqing,Chen Hongbin and Dai Chongjie 2016, 32 (34):  90-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080016 Abstract + ( 630 )   PDF ( 564KB )   ( 375 ) To provide reference data for planting and cultivation, physiology and biochemistry research, and comprehensive exploitation and utilization of Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawl.) Miers., the contents of K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni were measured by the method of flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) in the vegetative organs and reproductive organs of Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawl.) Miers.. The results showed that the order of the contents (average) of the 10 metallic elements in different parts was: K>Na>Mg>Ca>Fe>Mn>Zn>Cu>Ni >Cr. The content of the same element had certain differences among 14 measurement parts of Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawl.) Miers.. In comparison with the general plant, the contents of K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr in vegetative organs and reproductive organs of Pyrostegia venusta (Ker-Gawl.) Miers. mostly belonged to the normal range, except that contents of individual element of individual part were slightly more or slightly less than that in the general plants.

  Effect of Phosphorus Stress on Growth and Dry Matter Accumulation of Panax notoginseng Wei Meili,Xiang Guilin,Huang Tianwei,Wei Fugang,Liu Yunzhi and Chen Zhongjian 2016, 32 (34):  97-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050059 Abstract + ( 667 )   PDF ( 815KB )   ( 423 ) In order to study the effect of phosphorus stress on growth and dry matter accumulation of Panax notoginseng, and explore suitable P amount, the authors adopted pot culture experiment to measure the growth traits and dry weight of Panax notoginseng by collecting samples in fixed time. The results showed that: phosphorus deficiency inhibited plant growth and dry matter accumulation of 1-year-old and 2-year-old of Panax notoginseng; high phosphorus condition was good for plant growth and dry matter accumulation of 1-year-old of Panax notoginseng, while inhibited 2-year-old of Panax notoginseng. The suitable P2O5 amount for 1-year-old and 2-year-old of Panax notoginseng was 0.18 g/kg, 0.15 g/kg in soil, respectively.

  Effects of the Ultra dry treatment on the physiological and biochemical characteristicsof the Platycodon grandiflorum seeds 2016, 32 (34):  103-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080004 Abstract + ( 574 )   PDF ( 747KB )   ( 434 ) a group of Platycodon grandiflorum seeds were ultra-dry treatment with different times, and then back into the water, aging, the seed germination rate, germination, germination index, MDA content and peroxidase activity seeds and conductivity rate of seeds extract were determined to studying the effects of ultra-dry treatment on physiological and biochemical characteristics of seed. Results showed that contents of seed water gradually reduced with ultra- dry processing time, comparing with control seeds( natural water), the physiological index of the seeds by ultra-dry and aging treatment kept in high level, the germination potential, and germination index of seeds above control respectively were 3-5% and 9.6-21.4%, the conductivity rate of seeds extract when back wet reduced 7.3-28.2%, the membrane system intact was better than the control, the MDA content was lower than control for 10.3-66.1%, the Peroxidase activity was more than the control for 10.5-40.7%, the seed storability had a significantly improved. Conclusion: the ultra-dry storage water of the South Platycodon grandiflorum seed should be around 3.06%.

  Laboratory Evaluation Method of Walnut Canker Pathogenicity Yin Yongxiang,Liu Yingmin,,Ma Rong,Zhao Li,He Meiru and Cai Guifang 2016, 32 (34):  108-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060064 Abstract + ( 700 )   PDF ( 577KB )   ( 330 ) The purpose of this project was to establish a fast, reliable and easy method to determine the virulence of walnut canker. Mycelium, spore suspension and bacterial suspension were inoculated on 1, 2 and 3 years old branches of ‘Wen 185’ with different wound treatments, and then pathogenic severity was observed with 4 different temperature treatments and then the optimium disease condition was obtained. The results showed that the canker of 3 years old walnut was most serious and the lesions length was up to 8.5 cm; the most ideal inoculum and wound treatments were agar disk and scalding because the lesions length was up to 9.8 cm; 25℃ was the optimum temperature for pathogenic bacteria to grow and the lesions length was up to 11 cm, and there was no difference of the inoculation time after scalding for the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The research results provide theoretical basis for a rapid laboratory determining method of walnut canker pathogenicity.

  Physiological Factors Involved in Resistance of Strawberry Cultivar ‘Jingyu’ to Anthracnose 2016, 32 (34):  113-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060025 Abstract + ( 683 )   PDF ( 505KB )   ( 428 ) In order to study the physiological mechanisms of the resistance of a new strawberry cultivar ‘Jingyu’ to anthracnose, we used ‘Jingyu’ as research object and high-anthracnose-resistant strawberry ‘Sweet Charlie’, anthracnose-susceptible strawberry ‘Benihoppe’ and ‘Toyonoka’ as controls, to detect the changes of the content of lignin, total phenols, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid, along with the changes of the activity of phenylalanin ammonialyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) at the different times in the leaves after inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. The results showed that the content or activity of the above physiological factors were improved after inoculated with C. gloeosporioides, and the highest content or activity of these factors in anthracnose-resistant strawberry cultivars were higher than that in anthracnose-susceptible cultivars. These results suggested that the resistance of strawberry ‘Jingyu’ to anthracnose was involved in the high content of lignin, total phenols, chlorogenic acid and ferulic acid, along with the high activity of PAL and PPO. The study laid a foundation for further research on the resistance mechanism of the new strawberry cultivar ‘Jingyu’ to anthracnose.

  Establishment and Optimization of SCoT-PCR System in Sugarbeet Liu Naixin,Guo Chenchen,Sun Yanhong,Yu Hongying,Ma Longbiao and Wu Zedong 2016, 32 (34):  119-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080126 Abstract + ( 807 )   PDF ( 668KB )   ( 355 ) The objective of the study is to provide technical support for fingerprint construction, genetic diversity analysis and other molecular marker assisted breeding of sugarbeet, with SCoT molecular markers. This sugarbeet SCoT-PCR reaction system was optimized by using the single factor experiment. The results showed that the SCoT-PCR optimal reaction system contained 2.0 μL of 10×PCR buffer (including Mg2 ), 10 ng of DNA template , 0.5 U of Taq polymerase, 2 μL of 10 μmol/L SCoT primers and 0.1μL of dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L each) in the 20 μL reaction system. Then, 12 varieties of sugarbeets were amplified using the optimized reaction system. The results demonstrated that this system was stable and had clear amplified band, so it could be used for constructing fingerprint of sugarbeet and other molecular biology research.

  Correlation of Microspore Development Period and Flower Morphological Characteristics of Broccoli Yuan Jianmin,Mu Wanfu,Yang Long,Li Yirong,Dan Zhong,Su Yinling,Ma Jixian and Yang Zixiang 2016, 32 (34):  123-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040132 Abstract + ( 730 )   PDF ( 868KB )   ( 381 ) The cytological characteristics of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) microspore development, bud morphology in different microspore development periods and anther color were observed to identify the period of microspore development directly from the morphological characteristics of buds and anther of broccoli, which would provide the scientific evidence for culturing of anther and isolated microspore. The results showed that broccoli microspore development was divided to four stages: tetrad period, early or mid-uninucleate period, late-uninucleate period, and binuclear period, and each stage had obvious characteristics. The microspore development period of broccoli was closely related with bud size and anther color. The buds were 10.52-11.05 mm in longitudinal diameter and 3.64-4.25 mm in transversal diameter, and the anthers 2.85-2.87 mm in length and 0.95-0.96 mm in width. The petals were calyx slightly and the anthers and the petals were yellowish. Eighty percent microspores could develop to the stage of late-uninucleate.

  Karyotype Analysis of Five New Lilium Asiatic Cultivars Zhang Jingwen,Cui Jinteng and Zhang Kezhong 2016, 32 (34):  129-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080058 Abstract + ( 925 )   PDF ( 867KB )   ( 517 ) To provide cytogenetics basis for Lilium cross breeding, we studied the karyotypes of five new Asiatic lily cultivars by using traditional tabletting method. The results showed that: five Asiatic lily cultivars were diploids with 24 chromosomes. The karyotype formula of ‘Original love’ was 2n =2x= 24 = 4sm 18st 2t, the formula of ‘Ceb dozzle’ was 2n =2x=24 = 16sm (3SAT) 8st, the formula of ‘Indian summerset’ was 2n =2x= 24 = 2sm 22st, the formula of ‘Red alert’ was 2n =2x= 24 = 6sm 18st, the formula of ‘Party diamond’ was 2n =2x= 24 = 22st (3SAT) 2t (2SAT). Five cultivars belonged to 3B karyotype. The asymmetrical karyotype coefficient of ‘Party diamond’ was 91.67%, those of the other four cultivars were 73.13%-79.37%. The chromosomes of ‘Ceb dozzle’ and ‘Party diamond’ had satellites, but the other three cultivars had not satellite. This study will provide cytogenetics basis for parents selection and early hybrid identification of Lilium cross breeding.

  Genetic Relationship Analysis of 95 Accessions of Squash Germplasms by SSR Markers Wang Rui,Wu Tingquan,Zhong Yujuan and Huang Hexun 2016, 32 (34):  135-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050153 Abstract + ( 702 )   PDF ( 670KB )   ( 459 ) In order to study the relationship of 95 accessions of squash germplasms and improve the efficiency of new varieties screening, 95 squash core collections were detected in polymorphism by using 150 pairs of SSR primers. The research showed that 32 pairs of SSR primers were effective to amplify clear and stable polymorphic markers among different squash core collections. These squash core collections were clustered by using Mega version 4.01. Results showed that genetic distance of 95 squash germplasms varied from 0 to 0.9412, the average genetic distance was 0.583, the total length of the branch SBL=10.3384. When the branch length was 0.39, 95 germplasms were divided into three groups by 32 higher polymorphic SSR primers. The first group was Cucurbita maxima, the second group was Cucurbita maschata, and the third group was Cucurbita pepo. This study provided scientific basis for germplasms evaluation, identification of germplasm resources and breeding of new varieties.

  Genetic Diversity of 21 Kinds of Grape Germplasm Resources by SSR Markers Liu Wei,Wang Yunyun,Zhao Wujuan,Zhao Xuehui and Dong Zhigang 2016, 32 (34):  143-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050088 Abstract + ( 575 )   PDF ( 484KB )   ( 425 ) This study aims to analyze genetic relationship and diversity of various types of grape germplasm resources by SSR molecular marker and provide theoretical basis for resources classification and cultivar identification. 15 pairs of SSR primer were used for PCR amplification in 21 kinds of grape germplasms. The situation of amplification, the genetic distance and relationship between different materials were analyzed. 15 pairs of SSR primer amplified 91 gene loci; including 89 polymorphic loci, the rate of polymorphism was as high as 97.8%. The rate of polymorphism of 13 pairs of SSR primer achieved 100%. The genetic similarity coefficient between the 21 materials ranged from 0.45 to 0.91, and all germplasms were divided into two groups in the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.62. This study showed that SSR molecular marker analyzed the genetic diversity of different kinds of grape germplasms from the molecular level, revealed the relationship between different materials, and provided certain bases for breeding research.

  Climate Quality Certification of Navel Orange in Southern Jiangxi Zhang Zhiyong,Liao Fang,Li Xiushan and Xie Yuanyu 2016, 32 (34):  149-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080052 Abstract + ( 1033 )   PDF ( 557KB )   ( 670 ) According to the requirements of quality formation of navel orange, the authors designed to determine its climate quality certification index. Comparing quality test data of navel orange from 2008 to 2009 with corresponding meteorological data, the authors did the statistical surveys. The results showed that: the daily range of temperature from June to November and the total sunshine duration from October to November had the greatest influence on the soluble solids of navel orange, the average temperature and precipitation from October to November had obvious influence on the total acid content of navel orange. According to the meteorological factors’ influence on the quality of navel orange, the climate quality relation model of navel orange was established about soluble solids, total acids content and solid acid ratio. Based on the model, combining with sampling test results in orchard field, the authors determined the climate quality level of navel oranges. Meteorological department, which is the third party outside of consumers and producers of navel orange, carries out the climate quality certification of agricultural products, and can provide a scientific evidence for consumers to purchase navel orange and enhancing added value of navel orange and benefit.

  Environmental and Meteorological Conditions and Effect of Emergency Emission Reduction in South Hebei Zhang Jun and Song Xiaohui 2016, 32 (34):  153-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16060068 Abstract + ( 679 )   PDF ( 932KB )   ( 383 ) To study the influence of meteorological conditions in south Hebei on air pollution and the effects of emergency emission reduction (e.g. during the 70th anniversary of the victory of the anti-Japanese war), the authors took Handan which located in south Heibei as an example, analyzed the monitoring data between August 1st and September 3rd, 2015 from Handan environmental monitoring station and the meteorological data from Handan meteorological station. The results showed that: during the period of emergency emission reduction (from August 23rd to September 3rd), the atmospheric pollutant concentrations in Handan decreased significantly, and the average concentration of PM2.5 of the whole city decreased by 46.3% compared to the days (from 1st to 22nd August) before the emission reduction was implemented, the air quality in the whole city from 1st to 3rd September reached the first level. The comprehensive analysis of the inversion intensity, mixing height, ventilation coefficient, wind speed, days of light wind speed, precipitation and other meteorological conditions and the backward trajectory showed that: most of the time during the emission reduction was affected by the stable synoptic situation, which was not conducive to the vertical diffusion of air pollutants; the analysis of air mass backward trajectory showed that: the local air mass was dominating; the emergency emission reduction significantly decrease the concentration of pollutants under the same meteorological condition, so the powerful emission reduction measures were the fundamental means to improve air quality.

  Temperature Variation Characteristics in Qaidam Basin in Recent 35 Years Shen Ju,Zhang Caiyue,Liu Jinqing and Ma Yan 2016, 32 (34):  159-165.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080116 Abstract + ( 648 )   PDF ( 763KB )   ( 447 ) The paper aims to study the climate adaptability and climatic zoning of quinoa planting in Qaidam Basin. Using monthly average temperature data in 11 stations from 1981 to 2015, the authors calculated average value of year, season and month, and the climate tendency rate by adopting the climatic statistical diagnosis analysis method, and studied the correlation coefficient, mutation characteristics and change cycle. The results showed that over the past 35 years, air temperature in the basin had experienced 2 periods, a relatively cold period from 1981 to 1997, and a relatively warm period from 1998 to 2015; the warming trend of annual average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature was 0.50℃/10 a, 0.49℃/10 a and 0.62℃/10 a, respectively; the highest temperature in spring increased significantly, the lowest temperature in other seasons increased significantly, seasonal average temperature increased significantly; warming in December and January was not remarkable; from the spatial distribution, Tianjun was the center of low temperature, Nuomuhong and Golmud were the center of high temperature, the west of Lenghu and the east of Dulan were the low value center of temperature increase, while the middle was high value center. Through the cumulative anomaly and Mann-Kendall tests, the authors further determined that the climate change year of average temperature, maximum temperature and minimum temperature was 1996, 1993 and 1998, respectively; Using the Morlet wavelet transform to analyze the temperature change cycle in the basin, the result showed that the average temperature and the highest temperature had a good corresponding relationship in different periods.

  Runoff in Source Region of the Yangtze River in Recent 60 Years: Variation Characteristics and Trend Analysis Su Zhonghai and Chen Weizhong 2016, 32 (34):  166-171.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090052 Abstract + ( 1350 )   PDF ( 850KB )   ( 647 ) The paper aims to grasp the evolution characteristics and variation trends of runoff in the source of the Yangtze River. The authors used concentration, concentrated period, linear trend estimation, Mann-Kendall mutation testing, residual mass curves of coefficient of modulus to study runoff within the year, interannual and interdecadal trend changes, mutation detection and more or less cycle. The results showed that: runoff was significantly increased from 1956 to 2012 in the source region of the Yangtze River, and interannual variability of upstream was more obvious compared with that of downstream. Runoff concentration was mainly concentrated in 55%-85%, and upstream concentration was higher than that of downstream. Concentrated period of runoff were mainly distributed in late July and early August, and this trend became more postponed. Runoff was supplied by precipitation, snow and glacier melt for Tuotuohe station, and was supplied by precipitation, snow and glacier melt water, and groundwater for zhimenda Station. Since 2000, runoff went into the wet period in the source region of the Yangtze River, which increased 19.3% more than the annual average in Zhimenda station, and increased 53.8% more than the annual average in Tuotuohe station. Annual runoff mutation occurred in 2005 in Tuotuohe station, and in 1961, 1968, 2008 at Zhimenda station. Tuotuohe station had 1 complete more or less cycle, Zhimenda station had 3 more or less cycles.

  BOPP Package at Room Temperature and Ethylene Absorbent: Effect on Dwarf Banana Storage Xiao Weiqiang,Xu Linbing,Dai Hongfen,Huang Bingzhi and Yang Hu 2016, 32 (34):  172-179.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050011 Abstract + ( 781 )   PDF ( 816KB )   ( 562 ) In this study, modified atmosphere package (MAP) and some different treatments were conducted on dwarf banana ‘Fenza No.1’ at room temperature (25±2)℃ in order to investigate the storage effects. Package with biaxially oriented polypropylene film (BOPP), hot water treatment (52℃ for 1 min), germicide preservative ‘Shibaoke’ (400 mg/L) and an ethylene absorbent by independent research and development were used singly or in different combinations. The results showed that: combination of ‘Shibaoke’ and ethylene absorbent was the best for ‘Fenza No.1’ preservation, storage life at room temperature was 30 days with high good fruit rate, pleasant coloration and flavor after postharvest ripening; combination of hot water treatment and ethylene absorbent was the second with 21 days storage life. Compared with the control or single treatment, the two combinations mentioned above were obviously more effective in retarding the descending rate of fruit hardness and postponing peel turning yellow, and the fruit quality was better. It was suggested that dwarf banana should be treated with BOPP package and ethylene absorbent after hot water or ‘Shibaoke’ treatment, which could prolong storage life for 3 times compared with the control. The technique is effective and user-friendly in practice and could be applied in production.

  Research Progress of Banana Products Processing Technology Hong Jiamin,He Yansen,Zheng Feiyan,Zheng Yunyun and Zhang Shuai 2016, 32 (34):  180-186.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010144 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 588KB )   ( 728 ) In order to increase the added value of banana products and promote the sustainable development of banana industry, in this paper, the present status of processed banana products was summarized, including dried, baked, beverage, canned banana products and son on. Research progresses of banana processing technology and its functional ingredients extraction at home and abroad were concluded, including new drying, clarification, fermentation, color and process stability. The authors found that current domestic research on banana active constituents mainly focused on polysaccharides and polyphenols, rarely on catecholamine such as dopamine. The main direction of future research should be banana active ingredient extraction, isolation and application. This article could provide certain theoretical references for banana processing and technical research.

  Determination of Organic Acids in Wampee [Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels] Fruits by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Zhu Min,He Shuqiang,Luo Shirong,Mai Xianjia and Chen Yeyuan 2016, 32 (34):  187-192.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080148 Abstract + ( 760 )   PDF ( 633KB )   ( 382 ) To study the organic acids in wampee fruits, the constituent and content of organic acid in 12 wampee germplasms were analyzed by ultrasonic-assisted water extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that six organic acids can be successfully separated and all the calibration curves for these organic acids display a good linear relationship with correlation coefficients of 0.9975-0.9996, RSD is 1.02%-1.84% (n=5) and recovery rate is 95.60%-101.78%, on the condition that Venusil XBP C18(T) column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) is used at 27℃, mobile phase is 0.01 mol/L (NH4)2HPO4 (pH 2.6) with flow rate of 1 mL/min and detection wavelength of 210 nm. The major parts of organic acids in wampee fruits are citric acid, oxalix acid and malic acid, lactic acid is detected only in a few samples; in different samples, the content of citric acid, oxalic acid and malic acid is 0.780-8.090 mg/(g.FW), 0.773-4.205 mg/(g.FW), 0.478-3.212 mg/(g.FW), respectively, and accounts for 22%-65%, 16%-40% and 11%-20% of the total acid.

  Cultivation Mechanism of Scientific and Technological Achievementsof Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS): Taking the National and Provincial Science and Technology Awards Won During 2006-2015 as an Example Kong Weili,Liu Yongxin,Han Gang,Mu Yingchun,Sun Zhaoning and Fang Hui 2016, 32 (34):  193-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090104 Abstract + ( 713 )   PDF ( 613KB )   ( 455 ) Based on the statistics of national and provincial scientific and technological award won during 2006-2015 in CAFS, a contrastive analysis was conducted to illustrate the change and trend during the years and the main experiences and practices were summarized. Key factors that would have an impact on the achievements were also analyzed and suggestions were put forward, in order to provide reference for future cultivation practices, which included strengthening basic research to enhance the ability of original innovation, reinforcement of the key technologies in accordance with the needs of industry, promoting discipline fusion and development, strengthening process management to enhance quality and foster achievement, and improving the incentive mechanism.

  Agricultural Modernization and Agricultural Employment:An Empirical Study on National Data 2014 Cai Shufang,Xu Biaowen and Zheng Huiyong 2016, 32 (34):  200-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070084 Abstract + ( 674 )   PDF ( 562KB )   ( 479 ) To broaden agricultural employment in the process of agricultural modernization, we established a multiple regression model based on the data in national and provincial statistical yearbooks of 2014, to conduct an empirical study. The results showed that technical progress, namely the improvement of the total power of agricultural machinery, made agriculture be attractive to employment. Industrial structure changes, namely the decrease of planting area proportion of grain crops in agricultural crops, played a role in the employment absorptive capacity of agricultural sideline products. In order to get out of the dilemma of insufficient agricultural labor, the government should strengthen the promotion of modern agricultural technology and optimization of agricultural industrial structure.