Abstract: The aim was to study the best parent selection of quality breeding in two-line hybrid upland rice. Taking two-line sterility ‘Lv102S’ and ‘Lvhan 1S’ as female parent, taking four hsien ‘13NJ103’, ‘13NJ108’, ‘13NJ113’ and ‘13NJ114’ as male parent, the difference, combining ability and heritability of length-width ratio, chalkiness degree,chalky rice rate, amylose content, gelatinization temperature and gel consistency of eight combinations was analysed by incomplete diallele cross design. The result showed that length-width ratio of ‘Lvhan 1S’ was reached to primary standard of NY20-1986, ‘Lv 102S’ and all male parent were reached to secondary standard, all combinations except A1B3 were reached to secondary standard. Only ‘Lvhan 1S’, ‘13NJ113’ and ‘13NJ114’ chalkiness degree and chalky rice rate were reached to secondary standard, the combinations of ‘Lvhan 1S’, ‘13NJ113’ and ‘13NJ114’ chalkiness degree and chalky rice rate were also reached to secondary standard. The amylose content of all parents were reached to secondary standard, and the combination of A1B3 was reached to primary standard. Length-width ratio of many combinations was between in parents by using the same female parent and using different male parents, the chalkiness degree and chalky rice rate of combinations reached to100% by using the same male parent ‘13NJ108’ and different female parents. Other characters were not consistent. The difference of ombining ability variance was significant diffrent. Lv102 S and 13NJ113 or 13NJ114 could potentially be used as parents for breeding hybrid rice in cooking quality. The effect of genotype was great on length-width ratio, amylose content and alkali spreading value. The effect of environment was great on chalkiness degre, chalky rice rate and gel consistency. This study provides an important basis for the best parent selection of quality breeding in two-line hybrid upland rice.