Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.22 Published:21 August 2017

  Combining Ability and Heritability of Grain Quality of Upland Japonica Hybrid Rice 白一松,,,,,韩云芳, and 2017, 33 (22):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090057 Abstract + ( 1189 )   PDF ( 1249KB )   ( 427 ) The aim was to study the best parent selection of quality breeding in two-line hybrid upland rice. Taking two-line sterility ‘Lv102S’ and ‘Lvhan 1S’ as female parent, taking four hsien ‘13NJ103’, ‘13NJ108’, ‘13NJ113’ and ‘13NJ114’ as male parent, the difference, combining ability and heritability of length-width ratio, chalkiness degree,chalky rice rate, amylose content, gelatinization temperature and gel consistency of eight combinations was analysed by incomplete diallele cross design. The result showed that length-width ratio of ‘Lvhan 1S’ was reached to primary standard of NY20-1986, ‘Lv 102S’ and all male parent were reached to secondary standard, all combinations except A1B3 were reached to secondary standard. Only ‘Lvhan 1S’, ‘13NJ113’ and ‘13NJ114’ chalkiness degree and chalky rice rate were reached to secondary standard, the combinations of ‘Lvhan 1S’, ‘13NJ113’ and ‘13NJ114’ chalkiness degree and chalky rice rate were also reached to secondary standard. The amylose content of all parents were reached to secondary standard, and the combination of A1B3 was reached to primary standard. Length-width ratio of many combinations was between in parents by using the same female parent and using different male parents, the chalkiness degree and chalky rice rate of combinations reached to100% by using the same male parent ‘13NJ108’ and different female parents. Other characters were not consistent. The difference of ombining ability variance was significant diffrent. Lv102 S and 13NJ113 or 13NJ114 could potentially be used as parents for breeding hybrid rice in cooking quality. The effect of genotype was great on length-width ratio, amylose content and alkali spreading value. The effect of environment was great on chalkiness degre, chalky rice rate and gel consistency. This study provides an important basis for the best parent selection of quality breeding in two-line hybrid upland rice.

  Effects of Different Amendments on Growth and Cadmium Uptake in Zea mays 2017, 33 (22):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090017 Abstract + ( 757 )   PDF ( 1194KB )   ( 613 ) Field experiments were conducted to investigate biochar (SWT), diatomite(GZT), zeolite(FSF) and lime(SHF). Their effects on maize growth and cadmium (Cd) uptake by maize kernels and the Cd availability in soil were studied. The results showed that, except SHF, SWT, GZT and FSF could improve maize plant height, leaf area and biomass. The yield of maize was also significantly increased. All four amendments increased soil pH values. Compared to the control treatment, SWT, GZT, FSF and SHF increased soil pH values by 1.44, 1.36, 1.46 and 1.55 respectively. Except SHF, three amendments could improve soil OM. Meanwhile, compared to the control treatment, the application of SWT reduced soil OM by 22.19% and adding different amendments led to a decrease of available Cd content in soil by 30.92%-41.27%. Among them, SWT was the most available treatment to decrease the available content of Cd in soil. GZT was ranked to be the second. At the same time, all four amendments could reduce Cd uptake by maize kernels. Compared to the control treatment, the application of SWT reduced the concentration of Cd in maize kernels by 85.90 %. Our results in this study demonstrated that applying SWT amendments was the best functional amendments for the remediation of heavy metal soil of Cd.

  Current Status and Development Trends of Peanut Production Technology in China 2017, 33 (22):  13-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050016 Abstract + ( 1309 )   PDF ( 1253KB )   ( 736 ) Peanut is an important oil and industrial crop in China, which plays an important role in the increase of farmers'' income and the development of social economy. The current development situation of peanut production in China was introduced in the study. According to the agriculture supply side structural reform and the adjustment of industry structure of planting industry, the main problems existing in varieties and seeds, cultivation technology, mechanization of peanut production was analyzed, and the future development trend and direction was proposed in Chinese peanut production technology. In order to further exploit the potential of peanut production, it is necessary to strengthen the research and integration of key production technologies. Finally, some suggestions were proposed in the development of peanut production technology of China, which provided references to the improvement of peanut production level and the healthy and sustainable development of peanut industry.

  Effects of Salt-ion Content on Dry Matter Accumulation and Distribution, Agronomic Traits and Quality of Rapeseed 2017, 33 (22):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070143 Abstract + ( 890 )   PDF ( 1268KB )   ( 376 ) In order to study the effect of salt-ion content on the growth of rapeseed, ‘Yangyou 9’ and ‘Suyou 211’ as tested varieties were planted under low salt level (salt-ion content was 2.978g/kg ) and high salt level (salt-ion content was 4.900g/kg) in 2015-2016. Dry matter weight, agronomic characters and seed qualities were tested through sampling at maturity. Results showed that with increasing salt-ion contents the dry matter amounts of whole plant and different organs decreased significantly. The yield decline range of ‘Yangyou 9’ and ‘Suyou 211’ in high salt level was 24.14% and 27.83% compared with low salt level, respectively. The dry matter amounts of root declined have a biggest decline in different organs, and the decline range of ‘Yangyou 9’ and ‘Suyou 211’ in high salt level was 34.52% and 39.69% compared with low salt level, respectively. However, the effects of stem and branches dry matter amounts by different salt-ion contents were the least, and the decline range of two varieties in high salt level was 9.46% and 12.93% compared with low salt level, respectively. With increasing salt-ion contents, the proportion of dry matter distribution in stem and branches increased significantly, and the proportions of other organs decreased significantly. With increasing salt-ion contents, the plant height and number of pods decreased, and there was no significant difference in number of seeds of per pod and 1000-seed weight between different salt-ion content treatments. With increasing salt-ion contents oil content increased, and protein content decreased significantly.

  Several Factors Affecting Beet Quality 2017, 33 (22):  24-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120031 Abstract + ( 1226 )   PDF ( 1354KB )   ( 729 ) The chemical components of sugar beet root are considered to have a direct influence on the extraction of sugar during the process of sugar production in factory. Among the chemical components, potassium, sodium andα -nitrogen are usually regarded as representative harmful ash extracted from sugar beet. The purpose of planting sugar beet is making sugar, and the content of sugar is used as an important evaluation index. But the three harmful ash, potassium, sodium andα -nitrogen directly affect the extraction of sugar. Therefore, sugar, potassium, sodium andα -nitrogen are usually used as the four indicators to evaluate the quality of beet roots. Based on summarizing literatures and related researches, the influence factors of beet quality are analyzed and discussed in this paper, and the importance of quality evaluation of sugar beet root is highlighted. At the same time, the present situation of beet cultivation in China is analyzed, the existing problems in the cultivation are studied, and several suggestions are raised, aiming to provide reference for improving sugar beet quality.

  Expression Analysis of Key Genes of Chlorophyll Synthesis in A Yellow Leaves Mutant of Oryza sativa 2017, 33 (22):  30-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040104 Abstract + ( 837 )   PDF ( 1596KB )   ( 527 ) The aims are to study the relationship between rice yellow leaf mutant gene and chlorophyll synthesis, and the mechanism of mutant genes. In this study, the wild type was taken as the control, the RNA expression of key genes of chlorophyll biosynthesis in stems and leaves of mutants were analyzed by semiquantitative and real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the expression of 8 genes of stems in the wild type and the mutants. In the leaves, the expression of YGL1 and CHLI in the mutant was significantly up-regulated, about 1.8 times as that in wild type. The expression of CHLD gene in the mutant was about 0.6 times as that in wild type, was significantly down-regulated. The expression of the other 5 genes was not significantly different between the mutants and the wild type. The results indicated that the mutant gene could regulate the expression of YGL1, CHLD and CHLI genes and further affect the synthesis of chlorophyll in leaves. The study laid a foundation for understanding the role of mutant gene in the regulation of chlorophyll synthesis and its functional mechanism.

  Effects of Medium Nutrition on Growth of Grifola frondosa Mycelium and Production of Extracellular Polysaccharides 2017, 33 (22):  36-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040160 Abstract + ( 822 )   PDF ( 1346KB )   ( 364 ) In the present study, a strain of Grifola frondosa LT was used to evaluate the effects of medium nutrition on the growth of mycelium and production of extracellular polysaccharides. Glucose, peptone, monopotassium phosphate and vitamin B1 were established as the optimal carbon source, nitrogen source, inorganic salt and growth factor via single factor test. The concentration of medium nutrition was further optimized through multi-factor orthogonal test, and the optimum fermentation condition for the growth of mycelium were 10% of bean sprouts 200 mL, glucose 20 g/L, peptone 5 g/L monopotassium phosphate 5 g/L and vitamin B1 30 mg/L, and the optimum fermentation condition for production of extracellular polysaccharides were 10% of bean sprouts 200 mL, glucose 20 g/L, peptone 3 g/L monopotassium phosphate 4 g/L and vitamin B1 30 mg/L. This research was of certain values to further fermentation researches and applications of Grifola frondosa mycelium and polysaccharides.

  Combination Selection of Excellent Families and Plus Trees of Taxus wallichiana var. mairei for Precious Timber 2017, 33 (22):  41-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070046 Abstract + ( 601 )   PDF ( 1319KB )   ( 295 ) To speed up the precious timbers genetic improving progress of Taxus wallichiana var. maireiS. Based on the precious timber breeding objectives of fast growing and high lumber qualityS,46 plus trees ofST. wallichiana var. maireiSSwere selectedSformSS6 provinces 9 excellent provenances,Sand plus treeSfamilySprogeny testS were constructed in MingxiSCounty in Fujian province. And then the excellent families by using the multi-objective decision methodand plus trees combination was carried out .The results showed that there were abundant variations within the T. wallichiana var. maireiSand very significant difference among families growth characters, i.e. height, diameter, crown width, length of shoot in current year and stem form characters , i.e. forking ratio, ratio of height to diameter, branch numbers, branchSdensities, max-branch length, max-branch diameter. Change ranges of the family broad heritability for growth andSstem form traits of 3-year-old seedlings from different families were 0.5027～0.8570, whereas, individual heritahility of 3-year-old seedlings were 0.1973～0.7988. 10 excellent families were preliminary selectedS from the testedS46 familiesSwith an averageSSgenetic gain for growth andSstem form characters were -34.71%～20.45%. Also,31Sexcellent individuals were preliminary selectedSSfrom 8 excellent families, and their averageSgenetic gain for growth andSstem form characters were-86.26%～38.79%. These selected familiesSandSindividualsScould be used for seed orchardSor vegetative propagation.

  Precipitation Levels of Typical Forest Stand in Mid-subtropical Zone: Variation Characteristics of Water Quality 张淑芬 and 2017, 33 (22):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040103 Abstract + ( 666 )   PDF ( 1191KB )   ( 472 ) To investigate water quality at different levels of subtropical forest ecosystem, we studied water quality effect of precipitation through fall, runoff and soil leachate of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Jinyun Mountain, Chongqing from September 2013 to August 2014. The results showed that: the precipitation of Jinyun Mountain was obviously acidic (pH 4.75); the soil and canopy could elevate the pH value of precipitation, and the soil layer had the biggest up-grading of the pH value, followed by forest canopy; forest canopy layer had certain adsorption effect on NO3-、NO2- and Na+, the NH4+、SO42-, PO43-, Mg2+, Ca2+ and K+ on forest canopy could be leached by precipitation; in addition, the inorganic and organic matter produced by the litter degradation increased ion concentration in surface runoff; functional group and colloid in forest soil could adsorb and neutralize NO3-, SO42-, NH4+, PO43-, K+, Mg2+ in leachate; at the same time, forest soil under acidic condition for a long term could release part of the Na+, NO2-, PO43- and Ca2+; the contents of heavy metal lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) were relatively high in the atmospheric rainfall in the area, but showed a dramatic drop after going through the forest canopy, indicating that the forest canopy had stronger intercept purification effect on heavy metals such as Pb and Cd.

  Requirement and Development of Bergenia 2017, 33 (22):  53-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020010 Abstract + ( 591 )   PDF ( 1541KB )   ( 515 ) The applications, requirement and breeding of Bergenia species are summarized in this review based on the investigation of resource combined with related references. Three species of Bergenia whose value is relatively high are presented. It will provide reference to the related research. Because the application of Bergenia is being continuously enlarged, and the imbalance between supply and demand of Bergenia is growing, the wild resources of Bergenia will be encountered with exhaustion. The large scale artificial cultivation through choosing excellent species and studying the growth regulations of Bergenia is a basic way to solve the above contradictions.

  Inheritance Analysis of the First Flower Node of Cowpea 2017, 33 (22):  58-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080006 Abstract + ( 722 )   PDF ( 1287KB )   ( 244 ) To clarify the genetic law of the first flower node in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), 6 generations of the first flower node from the cross‘Ju08-10’בFengjiang 10’was investigated with the major gene plus polygene inheritance model 6 generation joint analysis method of quantitative traits. The genetic analysis software which was provided by Professor Zhang Yuanming of Nanjing Agricultural University, was used to calculate the most suitable genetic model and the corresponding genetic parameters. The results showed that the first flower node of the cross‘Ju08-10’בFengjiang 10’was controlled by additive-dominance-interaction polygene model, no major gene. Heritability value of polygene of the cross‘Ju08- 10’בFengjiang 10’of F2 population was estimated as 71.64%. Environment VAR of the cross‘Ju08-10’בFengjiang 10’of F2 population was 28.36% in total VAR. We concluded that the first flower node of cowpea was quantitative trait and was controlled by polygene. Environment played an important role in the trait inheritance. Early matured (lower node) trait could be made by hybrid vigor, but direction al selection had better effects.

  Effects of Spraying Calcium Fertilizer on Calcium Content and Quality of Peach 2017, 33 (22):  63-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070141 Abstract + ( 932 )   PDF ( 1541KB )   ( 452 ) Abstract: A field experiment taking water as control was conducted to investigate the effects of self made calcium (small molecular organics chelated calcium), calcium nitrate and chelated with sugar alcoholspray on flesh calcium content, fruit quality and fruit coloring for peach ‘Chunmi’ during fruit enlargement and colouring period. The results indicated that all calcium spray treatments enhanced the calcium contents of leaf and flesh of peach significantly, and the calcium contents in leaves under the calcium spray during enlargement stage were much higher than other stages, the calcium contents in flesh were the highest under the calcium spray both enlargement and colouring stages. Compared with control, the foliar spray of self made calcium induced the highest calcium contents of flesh, which increased by 5.28%~10.85%. The calcium contents in leaves increased significantly among all calcium treatments, at values of 1.84 to 1.99 times of the control. Besides, allcalcium spray treatments promoted fruit quality of peach and improved fruit coloring . Compared to the control, the hardness, sugar acid ratio and polyphenol content of fruit were increased significantly by 31.03%, 61.61%, and 107.14% respectively by spraying self made calcium fertilizer during coloring stage. Judging by the total effect of spraying, self made calcium was recommended as an excellent during colouring period.

  Nutrients Distribution Ratio Between Branches and Leaves of Mulberry Shoots 2017, 33 (22):  68-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040174 Abstract + ( 648 )   PDF ( 1169KB )   ( 373 ) For discussing the distribution ratio of dry material, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, S, B, Mo and Cl between the leaves and branches of new-born mulberry branches, a mulberry variety‘Nongsang No.14’is taken as the study material. Through studying the response of distribution ratio of dry material and the 13 nutrient elements between leaves and branches to space location, the authors found that: the proportion of nutrient distribution between leaves and branches was the amount of dry material or nutrients of leaves when the branches produced 1 g of dry matter or nutrients, the performance was Mn> Fe> B> Mo> N> Ca> Mg> Zn> K> S> Cl> P> Cu> dry material. Except Mg, dry matter and the other 12 nutrients showed that upper leaves had significant advantages in resource allocation. However, the distribution ratio of Mg in leaves and branches of mulberry was relatively stable. These results suggest that the supply of magnesium fertilizer should be appropriately increased according to the theoretical fertilization amount, and the other 12 nutrient elements should be reduced appropriately in the growth period of mulberry branches.

  Effect of Temperature and Humidity of Urban Park Landscape in Suzhou 2017, 33 (22):  72-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050090 Abstract + ( 627 )   PDF ( 1170KB )   ( 247 ) To study the temperature and humidity effect of different landscape types in Suzhou urban parks, five landscape types in Suzhou Park, Tongjing Park, Baitang Ecological Botanical Garden, Suzhou China Flower Botanical Garden were selected, including the tree-grass thick grove, tree-shrub-grass grove, treegrass sparse grove, lawn and park square, and the roads outside the park were used as control. Temperature and humidity of 1.5 m height of the landscapes were determined with the hand-held temperature and humidity meter. The results showed that: (1) landscapes with groundcover in different seasons had lowering temperature and increasing relative humidity effect compared with road and square; (2) in the five researched landscape types, tree-grass grove had the best effect of lowering temperature and increasing relative humidity; (3) in summer, the average temperature and average relative humidity of the parks had extremely significant difference, significant difference compared with roads outside the park; (4) in summer, the whole lowering temperature and increasing relative humidity effect of the park had no obvious correlation to the park area and water area ratio. These results could be as reference for park planning and public travel.

  Coal Mining: Impact on Vegetation Variation in Watershed in Loess Plateau ——A Case for Changhe Basin in Jincheng 2017, 33 (22):  79-85.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110017 Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 2020KB )   ( 375 ) The study aims to analyze the dynamic variation characteristics of vegetation under mining disturbance in Changhe Basin combining with RS and GIS, so as to provide some references for the restoration and protection of ecological environment. Based on multi TM images from 1987 to 2015, the dichotomous model was used to estimate vegetation coverage of Changhe Basin and the MAC method and stability analysis were adopted to analyze the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of vegetation coverage in recent 30 years. The results showed that: (1) the vegetation stability of Changhe Basin in recent 30 years gradually increased from the eastern and western part to the central part and the general stability was high, but the vegetation stability of mining area was low; (2) the vegetation of Changhe Basin had a general degradation trend, 59.9% of the vegetation had a tendency to degenerate; after 2007, the vegetation condition of the study area was slightly improved, of which vegetation degradation area was 1.9% less than before; (3) the vegetation coverage of Changhe Basin had a significant spatial agglomeration and similar vegetation coverage values formed 4 major clustering features. The vegetation in region of high- high- value agglomeration showed a significant dynamic increase from 1987 to 2015, and the increase of low-low-value agglomeration was not obvious. The results show that the vegetation in Changhe Basin has significant variance in change trend and spatial distribution, and the study can provide a foundation for improving the theoretical system of vegetation dynamic monitoring in small watershed.

  Hydraulic Retention Time: Affecting Biogas Slurry by Immobilized Microorganism Treatment 吴晓梅,, and 林代炎 2017, 33 (22):  86-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100103 Abstract + ( 1025 )   PDF ( 1275KB )   ( 942 ) Immobilized microorganisms, which take polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate and activated carbon as solidified carrier materials, are based on compound bacteria in order to treat biogas slurry wastewater from large-scale livestock and poultry farms. The removal rate of CODCr, NH4+-N and NO3·N were used as the main index. The effect of hydraulic retention time on the immobilized microorganism treating process of bio-gas slurry waste water was investigated. The results showed that: the optimum hydraulic retention time was 2 days, the removal rate of CODCr, NH4 +- N and NO3 · N reached the highest as 78.15% , 92.69% and 76.58% , respectively; after the experiments, the concentrations of CODCr, NH4+-N and NO3·N were 357.92, 39.84 and 88.84 mg/L, respectively; the effluent quality met withThe Standards for the Discharge of Waste Water from Livestock and Poultry Breeding (GB 18596-2001). Therefore, when hydraulic retention time is 2 days, the purification ability of immobilized microorganism to biogas slurry can reach the highest.

  Change Relationship of Environmental Factors in Sunlight Greenhouse in Winter 2017, 33 (22):  90-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070073 Abstract + ( 610 )   PDF ( 1163KB )   ( 479 ) In order to get the characteristics and regulation of environmental factors and the interaction of inside-outside environmental factors in greenhouse in the winter, the greenhouse intelligent control system was used to record and store the data of indoor co2 concentration, soil temperature, soil moisture, indoor and outdoor temperature, humidity, light. the results showed that the interaction of environmental factors was close; except soil temperature and soil water ,environmental factors had a significant correlation between each other; temperature and light of inside-outside greenhouse had a significant positive correlation between each other, curves were irregular "n" shape, humidity of inside-outside greenhouse and co2 concentration of inside greenhouse had a significant negative correlation with them, curves were irregular "u" shape; soil moisture had a smaller diurnal variation, it had a close interaction with soil temperature; environmental factors of inside-outside greenhouse had a close interaction, the temperature change of inside greenhouse was the results of the combined effect of temperature and light conditions of outside greenhouse, the temperature of outside greenhouse has the greatest effect on the soil temperature change , light of inside greenhouse, had a close interaction with light of outside greenhouse.

  Correlation of Formic Acid Content of Hops and Meteorological Conditions in Hexi Corridor ——Taking Yumen Town as an Example 2017, 33 (22):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120146 Abstract + ( 791 )   PDF ( 1319KB )   ( 248 ) The paper aims to study the correlation of formic acid content of hops and meteorological conditions in the Hexi Corridor. The authors used the formic acid content data of hops (ɑ -acid) in Yumen Town, Gansu in 1989- 2013, and the surface meteorological data over the same period, to analyze the effect of major meteorological factors (temperature, light, precipitation (water) and so on) on formic acid content of hops. The results showed that: the lowest temperature from May to June during vine-budding flowering periods of hops and the formic acid content had a significantly negative correlation; the higher the ≥10℃ accumulated temperature was, the lower the formic acid content of hops was. The more sunlight during mature-picking periods of hops was, the higher the formic acid content was. The relative humidity and formic acid content in germination stage had a significantly positive correlation, the vapor pressure and formic acid content in bud flowering stage had a quadratic relationship. Meanwhile, the authors adopted SPSS statistical analysis software to do the stepwise regression analysis of the formic acid content of hops and meteorological factors, established a prediction model of the formic acid content of hops, which was helpful to practical analysis.

  The 60 min Maximum Precipitation in Shanxi: Spatial Distribution and Return Period Estimation 2017, 33 (22):  101-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080021 Abstract + ( 729 )   PDF ( 2498KB )   ( 312 ) The paper aims to study the rules of the extreme precipitation events under global climate change. Based on the 60 min maximum precipitation data in Shanxi from 1981 to 2012, the authors analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of the 60 min maximum precipitation and return period estimation for 50 or 100 years in Shanxi by extreme value analysis, Gumbel distribution function fitting and other methods. The results showed that: the probability distribution of the maximum precipitation in Shanxi was skewed bell-shaped; the spatial distribution characteristics of the 60 min maximum precipitation was closely related to the geographic location and terrain; and the estimated value of 50-year return period of the 60 min maximum precipitation showed high consistence with that of 100-year return period in their spatial distribution patterns; the maximum value areas were mainly distributed in southeastern Shanxi.

  Climatic Characteristics of High Temperature Days and Heatwaves: Hainan Island in Recent 50 Years 张京红 and 吴胜安 2017, 33 (22):  107-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070015 Abstract + ( 744 )   PDF ( 1408KB )   ( 534 ) Based on daily maximum temperature data of 18 meteorological stations in Hainan island during 1966-2015, the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of high temperature days, frequency and intensity of heatwaves in Hainan island were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) for spatial distribution of annual high temperature days, frequency of different-class heatwaves and heatwaves intensity, there were higher in the northwest than in the southeast, that was, the high-value regions concentrated in the northwest, while the lower regions distributed in coastal areas, thereinto, annual high temperature days in Changjiang was the most, heatwaves frequency ties was the most, heatwaves intensity was the strongest; there was almost no heatwaves in Dongfang and Sanya; (2) in the last 50 years, light heatwaves with 3-4 days duration was the main type in Hainan island, and average high temperature days, total heatwaves frequency showed an overall increasing trend, thereinto, frequency of light and moderate heatwaves showed a slow increasing trend, variation of severe heatwaves frequency was not obvious; except severe heatwaves, high temperature days and frequency of other class heatwaves were more in most years after 2003; the increase trend of heatwaves intensity was non-significant, but it had increased obviously after 2000; (3) regional variation characteristics presented the non-uniform distribution, the annual high temperature days, frequency of annual heatwaves and light heatwaves in most areas had significant increasing trend, however, trends of annual heatwaves intensity, moderate and severe heatwaves frequency presented the non-uniform distribution and were non-significant in most areas.

  Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Xilinhaote 2017, 33 (22):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100056 Abstract + ( 1036 )   PDF ( 1163KB )   ( 291 ) To further reveal the variation regularity of ultraviolet radiation, and provide better service for production and life, based on solar ultraviolet radiation observation data of Xilinhaote National Climate Observatory in 2007- 2012, we analyzed the solar ultraviolet radiation variation and its relationship with meteorological factors in different cloud conditions in Xilinhote by using the mathematical and statistical method and SPSS 11.5 software. The results showed that: the solar ultraviolet radiation had obvious diurnal, seasonal and annual variation; the solar ultraviolet radiation was weak in the morning and evening, but strong at noon, reached the highest value from June to August, and was the lowest in November and December; and had significant correlation with the total solar radiation, photosynthetically active radiation, air temperature, air humidity and ground temperature (0-5 cm). At present, the strongest value of ultraviolet radiation intensity (UV- B) from January to March and from October to December was 0.20- 1.91 W/m2, 0.13- 1.43 W/m2, respectively, which were lower than the safety standard for human and animal (2 W/m2), but the strongest value from April to September was 2.02-3.39 W/m2, which was easy to pose a threat and harm to people and animals.

  Comparative Analysis of Co-culture and Pure Culture of Antibacterial Metabolites of Brevibacillus laterosporus BL-21 and Bacillus subtilis HNDF2 2017, 33 (22):  118-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010103 Abstract + ( 653 )   PDF ( 1568KB )   ( 430 ) The aim of the study is to compare and analyze the differences between pure culture and co-culture metabolites ofBrevibacillus laterosporus BL-21 andBacillus subtilis HNDF2, and lay a foundation for further research on ecological relationship between the two strains and find new antibacterial substances from coculture broth. The antibacterial activity was detected by cylinder plate method. The differences of metabolites were analyzed by thin layer chromatography, SDS-PAGE and HPLC. The results showed that the maximum bacteriostatic diameter of co- culture broth against Fusarium oxysporum could reach (28.50 ± 0.5) mm, compared with that of pure culture broth ofB. laterosporus BL-21 andB. subtilis HNDF2, the antagonistic activity increased by 18.75% and 83.90%, respectively. The results of metabolites determination showed that the co-culture broth had a high similarity to the pure culture broth of B. laterosporus BL-21, but it had significant differences to the pure culture broth ofB. subtilis HNDF2, and some new substances were detected in co- culture broth which did not exist in each pure culture broth. There were significant differences in antifungal activity and components of metabolites between pure culture broth and co-culture broth of the two strains, and it was necessary to further analyze the antimicrobial substances in co-culture broth.

  Sugarbeet Root Rot: Research Advance in Occurrence and Control 2017, 33 (22):  126-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050119 Abstract + ( 986 )   PDF ( 1270KB )   ( 664 ) Sugarbeet root rot is one of the main plant diseases in production areas of sugarbeet, and is relatively difficult to be controlled in the world. In order to study the effective prevention and control measures of sugarbeet root rot, the authors summarized the research advance in symptoms, pathogens, pathogenic factors and control methods of sugarbeet root rot from about 70 articles. It was found that: the research on types’ description of symptoms and identification of pathogens population of sugarbeet root rot was relatively systematic; however, the research on pathogenic factors and control methods was inadequate. We still need to conduct further researches on the pathogenic factors of sugarbeet root rot, to achieve the prediction and forecast of sugarbeet root rot, so as to guide the prevention reasonably. In addition, the antibacterial groups should be explored and the preparation and application of biocontrol agents should be promoted to make full use of biological control.

  Occurrence and Damage of Sea-buckthorn Dieback in Hexi Corridor of Gansu Province 汪永洋, and 2017, 33 (22):  133-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010016 Abstract + ( 1603 )   PDF ( 1471KB )   ( 316 ) To elucidate occurrence and damage of sea-buckthorn dieback, the disease was systematically investigated and analyzed by fixed point, routine observing and large area surveying in Hexi district, Gansu Province. The results showed that branches were infected mainly by pathogen. Serious infected tree led to branches or tree dead. The main epidemic factors causing such disease were climatic conditions and the weak tree. Sea-buckthorn dieback usually happened early if temperature raised and rain fell early in Spring. The more rain fell, the more serious disease happened. Optimum temperature of sea-buckthorn dieback was about 25℃.The temperature below 20℃ or above 30℃ was against happening of the disease. The trees were infected seriously by the pathogen in the new and old sea-buckthorn mixed wood. Inefficient management and plenty of fruits were also one of main factors causing serious disease. Besides, sea-buckthorn dieback causing wounds on the bark were infected seriously by Plowvigneia hippophaeos, so sea-buckthorn shrinkage disease happening was relatively serious. It is the first report that sea-buckthorn dieback disease happened in Hexi district, Gansu Province. The incidence of sea-buckthorn dieback was higher and higher year by year.

  Anti-browning Agents Affecting Callus Subculture of Three Legume Forage Species 2017, 33 (22):  138-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040124 Abstract + ( 581 )   PDF ( 1362KB )   ( 1284 ) To solve the browning in callus subculture of three legume forage species, callus ofMedicago sativa ‘Xinmu No.4’,Onobrychis viciaeflia andTrifolium repnes‘Haifa’were taken as test materials, the effect of different measures on preventing browning for the three legume forage species in callus subculture were discussed. The results showed that in callus subculture of M. sativa‘Xinmu No.4’and O. viciaeflia , theinhibition effect of 0.02 g/L AgNO3 was better and the browning rate was 13% and 15%, respectively, the browning degree of callus was PVP> citric acid> AgNO3; the inhibition effect of 0.015 g/L AgNO3 was better and the browning rate was 32% during callus subculture ofT. repnes‘Haifa’, the browning degree of callus was citric acid> PVP> AgNO3. A certain concentration of AgNO3 could inhibit browning as well as promote the growth of callus to some extent.

  Double-enzymatic Extraction of Procyanidins from Purple Yam and Antioxidant Activity 2017, 33 (22):  145-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010068 Abstract + ( 562 )   PDF ( 3099KB )   ( 246 ) This study aims to determine the best extraction technology of procyanidins from purple yam and the antioxidant activity. Taking purple yam as the experimental material, using Box-Behnken test and response surface analysis, the extraction process of procyanidins from purple yam was optimized by double enzyme method, and the antioxidant activityin vitro was evaluated. Results showed that the optimum condition was: the amount of cellulose 2.19%, the amount of pectinase 2.32%, enzyme time 73 min, enzyme temperature 45℃, liquid-material ratio 15 mL:1 g, and pH 4.5. Under this condition, the yield of procyanidins was 93.06 mg/g. Procyanidins from purple yam showed significant antioxidant capacity, and the half inhibition concentration (IC 50) of DPPH· and ·OH was 0.165 and 0.267 mg/mL, respectively, the scavenging abilities were stronger than vitamin C.

  Industrial Production of Flavoured Instant Oats 2017, 33 (22):  153-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040067 Abstract + ( 606 )   PDF ( 1267KB )   ( 244 ) The paper aims to improve the processing technology of traditional naked oats fried noodles, to make up for the deficiency of nutrition and flavor of traditional naked oats. We mainly introduced two new methods to process instant naked oats; with naked oats as raw material, the first one depended on baking, powder screening, dispersion stability and vacuum packaging, and the other one needed the curing treatment before other processes. Meanwhile, the orthogonal test design was used to determine the optimum amount of stabilizer. The results showed that: the optimal adding amount was gum 0.06%, sodium alginate 0.03%, CMC-Na 0.10% to naked oats baked for 30 min under 180℃ , the ratio of flavor to naked oats flour was 1:20 by sensory evaluation. In curing process, it took 60 min to boil bottom spices and naked oats with the ratio of 1:5, and then the powder of spices and naked oats were baked for 45 min with the ratio of 1:10, to obtain the final products. The nutritional and flavored instant oat noodles have strong palatability, unique taste and flavor. The study can provide references for the modern industrial processing of flavoured instant oats.

  A Review on Concept, Indicators and Evaluation Methods of Food Security 2017, 33 (22):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070017 Abstract + ( 819 )   PDF ( 1270KB )   ( 641 ) Food security is a research hotspot at home and abroad. At present, global food security is facing serious challenges and the prospect is not optimistic. As the biggest country of population and food consumption in the world, China is confronted with greater challenges in food security, for which there exist debates in Chinese academia. In order to accurately understand the connotation of food security to scientifically evaluate China''s food security status, changes in the concept of food security were firstly analyzed, and then food demand balance indicators, consumption indicators, nutrition indicators, comprehensive indicators, as often used to evaluate food security, as well as the general indicators for evaluating grain safety were summarized. With improvement of people''s living standard, food structure in China has changed fundamentally, thus, the food security research in the future should be transformed from focusing on only grains to whole food system by including all kinds of food, with more attention paid to the assessment of comprehensive food guarantee capability and nutrition security.