Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.23 Published:21 August 2017

  Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphorus on Yield and Amylose Content of‘B You 268’ 2017, 33 (23):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010086 Abstract + ( 723 )   PDF ( 529KB )   ( 310 ) With the popularization and application of rice noodle special rice varieties, the amylose content in rice is regulated and the quality of rice is improved by exploring the cultivation measure (fertilizer regulation), to make rice quality more suitable to the need of rice flour processing. The high amylose rice flour special rice variety‘B You 268’was used as the material, and a randomized block experiment was designed to investigate the effects of different levels of nitrogen and phosphorous fertilizer on yield traits and amylose content of‘B You 268’. The results showed that, nitrogen and the interaction of nitrogen and phosphorus significantly affected the yield and the amylose content of‘B You 268’. Enough tiller number and effective panicle number were the foundation for high and stable yield of‘B You 268’. The optimization of nitrogen and phosphorous was beneficial to improving the yield and the amylose content of‘B You 268’.‘B You 268’got higher yield and amylose content when nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/hm2 N and phosphorus fertilizer was 120 kg/hm2 P2O5.

  Construction and Optimization of DAMD-PCR in Beet 2017, 33 (23):  6-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040113 Abstract + ( 757 )   PDF ( 687KB )   ( 337 ) To establish a beet DAMD amplification system and apply DAMD primer in construction of beet varieties fingerprint and molecular marker assisted breeding, this experiment optimized the beet DAMD system by using the single factor variable method. 12 beet varieties were chosen; the optimized system was used to amplify 25 DAMD primers. The optimum DAMD system of beet was as following: a total volume of 20 μL, template DNA 10-80 ng, 0.75 U of DNA polymerase, 0.2 μL of dNTPs (2.5 mmol/L each) and 2.0 μL of primers (10 μmol/L). At the same time, 25 primers were all amplified out of the clear bands, and except individual primers whose polymorphism was poorer, the other primers had very abundant polymorphism. The primers 62 H(-) could distinguish all 12 beet varieties. Thus, DAMD primers had high amplification efficiency, the amplification result was stable and the bands were clear, so DAMD primers were very suitable for the construction of fingerprint and the genetic diversity analysis of beet.

  Analysis and Separation of Allelopathic Compounds from Hydroponic Root of Plants with Camptothecin 2017, 33 (23):  10-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040042 Abstract + ( 960 )   PDF ( 512KB )   ( 405 ) The purpose of this study is to identify the types of allelopathic compounds in a hydroponic system and their effects on plants if they accumulate in hydroponic root system of plant for a long time. A new technology of separating and enriching root secretions from acuminata seedlings and wild Ophiorrhiza cantoniensis cultivated in GUANGZHOU had been established: silica gel were used as a filler of the solid phase extraction column to extract compounds from the hydroponic solution; then took the filler out and added in the top of the Silica gel column to separate the allelopathic compounds, After elution, the technology of GC-MS were used to analyze the constituents. By this technology, many allelopathic compounds in hydroponic root secretions of these two plants had been identified. 11 allelopathic compounds were found in root secretion of acuminata seedlings such as Ethane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, N,N-Dimethylaniline, dibenzene-chromium and so on.12 allelopathic compounds were identified in root secretion of Ophiorrhiza cantoniensis such as Dibutyl phthalate, Dioctyl phthalate, dibenzene-chromium and so on. Isolation, enrichment and analysis of allelochemicals in root exudates of two plant species containing camptothecin laid the foundation for eliminating growth inhibitors containing in root secretion of acuminata seedlings, optimizing water culture system and realizing high efficient biosynthesis of camptothecin.

  Effects of Different Rootstocks on Tree Growth and Fruit Quality of Malus pumila‘Nagafu No.2’ 蔡华成,,, and 2017, 33 (23):  16-21.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120134 Abstract + ( 745 )   PDF ( 540KB )   ( 315 ) The young apple trees grafted on Y series, SH series and‘M26’dwarfing interstocks were continuously observed in the experiment, in order to clarify the influence of different rootstocks and interstocks on the growth and fruiting habit of Malus pumila‘Nagafu No.2’, and determine the appropriate combination of scion-rootstock in Jinzhong. The results showed that different rootstocks had less influence on tree growth and early flowering habit, but different dwarfing interstocks obviously affected tree growth potential, early bearing, and improved fruit quality of M. pumila‘Nagafu No.2’, the dwarfing and early flowering abilities were as follows,‘Y-2’,‘Y-1’,‘SH1’,‘M26’,‘Y-3’. Among these interstocks,‘Y-1’and‘Y-2’had excellent traits like dwarfing and early flowering, also did not have alternate bearing, but apple trees grafted on‘M26’ were tend to sprout in spring at Jinzhong, so‘Y-1’,‘Y-2’and‘SH1’should be planted as interstocks in Jinzhong. In addition,‘Y-1’and‘Y-2’could use high density planting system with spacing between (1-1.5) m× (3.5-4) m, while‘SH1’and‘M26’should have properly larger planting density with spacing between (1.5-2) m× (3.5-4) m.

  Matrix Screen in Zhangzhou for Open Field Cultivation of Lavandula angustifolia‘French Blue’ 2017, 33 (23):  22-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040028 Abstract + ( 813 )   PDF ( 565KB )   ( 422 ) In this paper, selected the best soil environment with different border heights and medium formulations of Lavandula angustifolia ‘French Blue’ in the Zhangzhou area open field cultivation was explored. Used 3 kinds of border heights and 3 mediums to cultivate ‘French Blue’ in open field, unified management of water and fertilizer, the physical, chemical properties and growth characteristics data of ‘French Blue’ were measured. The results showed that the optimum border height for ‘French Blue’ was 30cm, on this basis, the aeration porosity above 29%, water-holding porosity below 30% and pH close to 7 was the best medium for ‘French Blue’. It shows that the high air and water permeability is the most important influence factors for cultivated ‘French Blue’ as the first consideration, soil pH is the second influencing factor, the cultivation process of ‘French Blue’ requires little nutrients content.

  Discussion on Forest Resource Asset Evaluation for Investment Purpose 2017, 33 (23):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090077 Abstract + ( 697 )   PDF ( 440KB )   ( 284 ) With the increasing activities in forest resource asset evaluation for investment purpose, a lot of related theoretical problems need to be solved urgently. Based on the problem research in value type, evaluation method, and evaluation parameters, it concluded that: the selection of value types,which contained the type of market value and the type of investment value by taking into account of market practical limitations, depends on commission"s interest demands; the choice of evaluation method should be adapted into evaluation purposes and the value type. When the type of market value was selected, market comparison approach should be the first choice for the assessment. When the type of investment value was selected, the income approach should be the first choice while the client was the financial investor, and the assessment formula should be the first choice while the client was a strategic investor. The evaluation parameters should be consistent with the assessment methods. The key parameter of market law is comparable reference object, the key parameter adopted by income approach is ROI, and the key parameter of assessment formula is revenue share rate . Forest resource asset evaluation for investment purpose should consider the impact of forest cutting quotas and other related policies.

  Effect of Row-Spacing Allocation on Micro-ecological Environment in Tobacco Field and Tobacco Photosynthetic Characteristics and Output Value Guan Saisai,Li Zhipeng,Yu Xiaona,Zong Shengjie,Zeng Xianli,Zheng Wenran and Ye Xiefeng 2017, 33 (23):  32-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080074 Abstract + ( 691 )   PDF ( 610KB )   ( 383 ) In order to explore the optimal flue-cured tobacco allocations of row-spacing in Wuling mountainous area, field experiment was conducted to study on effects of allocations of row-spacing on microecological environment in tobacco field,tobacco photosynthetic characteristics and output value of flue-cured Tobacco.The results showed that:?The suitable row-spacing was help to creat a good microecological environment for flue-cured tobacco.?The net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of 0.12×0.40m treatment and 0.12×0.60m treatment were higher.The intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) of 0.11×0.40m treatment and 0.11×0.50m treatment were higher.The transpiration rates (Tr) of 0.12×0.40m treatment and the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) of 0.11×0.60m treatment were significantly higher than other treatments.?The performance of 0.12×0.40m treatment’s yield and output value was better.The high grade leaf proportion and average price of 0.12×0.40m treatment were higher.Comprehensive analysis,the optimal flue-cured tobacco allocations of row-spacing in Wuling mountainous area was row spacing 0.12m and spacing 0.40m.

  Effect of Long-term Fertilization on Humic Acid and Fulvic Acid Content in Black Soil of Different Organic Matter Levels 2017, 33 (23):  38-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050133 Abstract + ( 814 )   PDF ( 573KB )   ( 383 ) Humus is the main composition of soil organic matter (SOM), and it plays an important role in carbon sequestration, soil structure, nutrients retention and biogeochemistry cycle. In this paper, we studied the effects of long-term fertilization on soil fulvic acid (FA), humic acid (HA) and humin (HM) in farmland of five soil organic matter levels.The results showed that in arable Mollisols of five organic matter contents, FA, HA and HM increased with the increasing of SOM, and long-term fertilization could increase the contents of FA, HA and HM in soil of different SOM levels, and FA showed significant difference (P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the contents of FA and HA were significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus, but significantly and negatively correlated with soil pH value(P<0.05). Moreover, HM was not significantly correlated with soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus(P>0.05).

  Present Status and Historical Evolution of N, P, and K in Farmland Soils in Lin’an City and Fertilization Countermeasures 2017, 33 (23):  42-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070116 Abstract + ( 551 )   PDF ( 1746KB )   ( 337 ) To study the effect of land use patterns and fertilization on the soil fertility, and the evolution trend of soil fertility of farmland in Ling’an, situation of total nitrogen, available N, P and K of all farmland soils were investigated from 2008 to 2010 by sampling. The results showed that the differences in both land use and fertilization level had resulted in significant spatial heterogeneity of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in farmland soils in Ling’an, there were great variations in soil available P and K among different locations and different land use patterns. Totally, spatial variation of soil total N was less than that of available P and K; among the three kinds of nutrients, available P was the most abundant, while available K was the most deficient. Available P and K were significantly accumulated in Lei bamboo forest soils, some soils had begun to show a negative impact on environments; however, there were significant deficiencies of available P and K in the soils for production of grain, tea, and hickory nut. Compared with results of the Second General Soil Survey, available P in farmland increased significantly while available K tended to decrease. It suggested that input of fertilizers should be increased in the soils for production of grain, tea, and hickory nut; input of fertilizers in Lei bamboo forest soils should be controlled; attention should be paid to organic fertilizer application and organicinorganic combined fertilization.

  Effect of Selenium on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth Under Single Pollution of Pb and As in Chinese Cabbage 2017, 33 (23):  51-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090060 Abstract + ( 692 )   PDF ( 868KB )   ( 360 ) To study the alleviated effect of Se on single pollution of Pb and As in Chinese cabbage, seed germination experiments were performed to investigate the effect of exogenous Se (12.5、25、50、75、100 mg/kg) on single pollution of Pb (600、800、1000 mg/kg) and As (80、100 mg/kg) in seed germination and seedling growth of Chinese cabbage. The results showed that different concentrations of Se dramatically increased the germination rate, germination potential, root length, shoot length and the fresh weight under Pb and As stress, which indicated that exogenous Se application could effectively alleviate Pb and As toxicity to Chinese cabbage. For the single pollution of Pb of the three concentrations, the appropriate Se concentrations were 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg. For the single pollution of As of the two concentrations, the appropriate Se concentrations were 25 and 100 mg/kg.

  Effect of Combined Fertilization and Rational Close Planting on Seed Yield of Pumpkin 2017, 33 (23):  59-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16090080 Abstract + ( 480 )   PDF ( 457KB )   ( 297 ) To provide production basis for high yield of pumpkin seeds, the authors used quadratic regression orthogonal rotary combination to set tests of four factors and five levels, and studied the effects of NPK combined fertilization and rational close planting on seed yield of pumpkin. The results showed that different amounts of four measures had comprehensive and significant effect on pumpkin yield, single factor measure and seed yield presented an unitary quadratic parabola relationship, the interaction effect of nitrogen, phosphate, nitrogen, and density on seed yield of pumpkin reached significant level, namely, the yieldimproving effect of one of the two factors and the other factor had significant differences between different levels. Comprehensive analysis showed that: under this experimental condition, the best treatment was nitrogen fertilizer of 223-249 kg/hm2, phosphate fertilizer of 152-174 kg/hm2, potash fertilizer of 164-168 kg/hm2 and planting density of 39391-40456 strain /hm2.

  Effect of Soil Fertility and Fertilization on Rice Growth and Yield in West Sichuan Plain 2017, 33 (23):  63-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040164 Abstract + ( 590 )   PDF ( 562KB )   ( 250 ) To find out the relationship between soil fertility and rice yield in paddy fields of West Sichuan Plain, experiments of fertilization in different basic fertility soils were conducted with 2 indica hybrid rice varieties, to study the effects of basic soil fertility and fertilization on rice growth period, growth dynamic and yield. The results showed that the number of effective panicles and kernels per spike increased significantly after fertilization, and fertilization substantially increased the yield compared with CK.The sequence of yield increasing rate was low yield field＞ medium yield field＞ high yield field. After fertilization in high, medium and low yield fields, the contribution rate of basic fertility was 84.4%, 82.0% and 77.4%, and the rice yield increased by 19.8% , 22.0% and 30.2% respectively. Fertilization helped rice tillering ahead of time. Meanwhile, and it could increase plant height and the number of tillers, the total growth period after fertilization was slightly prolonged, and the difference of the rice growth period of high, medium and low yield fields was not obvious. The number of effective tillers in high yield field was slightly higher than that in medium and low yield field. Overall, rice yield increased with the rise of basic soil fertility and the sequence of fertilizer contribution rate was low yield field＞ middle yield field＞ high yield field. Under the same fertilization treatment, low yield field had more yield increasing potential. From yield components, fertilization significantly increased the number of effective panicles of rice, which was the main reason for the yield increase.

  Distribution of Microalgae in Saline Lakes of Heilongjiang and Effects of Physical and Chemical Factors on the Biomass of Dominant Algal Strains 2017, 33 (23):  68-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010040 Abstract + ( 663 )   PDF ( 689KB )   ( 393 ) To analyze the distribution of microalgae in saline lakes of Heilongjiang Province and the influence of physical and chemical factors on the biomass of dominant algae, the saline area lakes of Daqing, Zhaodong and Zhalong in Heilongjiang Province were taken as the research objects, a total of 7 algae strains were isolated and screened in this study, Plackett- Burman test design was used to screen out the significant influence factors, and response surface design was used to optimize the important factors. The results showed that the biomass and oil content of Chorella sorokiniana HDA04, which was separated in saline lakes of Zhaodong, reached the highest. The algal biomass had certain correlation with environmental factors. Under certain conditions, the higher the pH value and salinity, the higher the biomass of C. sorokiniana HDA04 was. When glucose was 21.46 g/L, FeC6H5O7·5H2O was 12 mg/L, K2HPO4·3H2O was 120 mg/L, MgSO4·7H2O was 75 mg/L, pH value was 8.89, fermentation temperature was 32.91℃, the speed was 120 r/min, inoculated in 100 mL BG11 medium with 20% inculation quantity, C. sorokiniana HDA04 biomass was 7.855±0.08 g/L, which was 1.99 times as much as that before optimization, the biomass level increased by 98.9%. This study clarified the influence of physical and chemical factors on the growth rate of C. sorokiniana HDA04, and laid a foundation for further study on microalgae.

  Comparison of the Determination of Optimal Convergence Threshold Based on Mean Change-point and Bifurcation Ratio 2017, 33 (23):  76-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020096 Abstract + ( 565 )   PDF ( 1038KB )   ( 404 ) Digital Elevation Model provides more diversified techniques for the hydrological analysis. The paper makes use of mean of change-point and bifurcation ratio to synthetically analyze hydrological characteristics and geomorphic features in different area, meanwhile, compared with difference of river network extracted through the optimal threshold and characteristic of bifurcation ratio based on ASTER GDEM. The result indicates that the optimal convergence threshold of the Qingxi river and the Xingzi river are 1500 and 1300 respectively, drainage density of the Qingxi river and the Xingzi river respectively are 0.63 and 0.68; the ability of branch of river through the identical convergence threshold in different basin is the same or similar, but the number of the channel has great difference. The combination of the two factors may provide the necessary theoretical basis in the future.

  Agro-meteorological Disasters in Anhui: Temporal Distribution Characteristics and Grey Correlation Analysis 2017, 33 (23):  83-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100095 Abstract + ( 729 )   PDF ( 674KB )   ( 417 ) The paper aims to explore the distribution characteristics of agro-meteorological disasters in Anhui and their impact on grain yield. Based on the disaster-affected areas of 4 agro-meteorological disasters including drought, flood, wind-hail and frost, combining with grain yield data from 1971 to 2012, the temporal distribution of these disasters was analyzed in this paper, as well as the correlation relation between disaster-affected area and average grain yield. The results showed that agro-meteorological disasters occurred frequently and fluctuated greatly, presenting a declining trend. Drought and flood were the main agro-meteorological disasters, and they often coexist in same time and space. Gray correlation analysis indicated that the impact of agro-meteorological disasters on average grain yield appeared in the order of wind-hail＞flood＞drought＞frost in Anhui, which revealed wind-hail was the major agro-meteorological disaster during grain production, followed by flood, drought and frost. The results can provide decision-making basis for prevention of natural disasters in the future.

  Weed Growth Community Succession and Its Influencing Factors in Rice Field in Qiqihar Luo Baojun 2017, 33 (23):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120014 Abstract + ( 539 )   PDF ( 574KB )   ( 312 ) To clarify the weed community succession and its impact factors, mitigate malignance succession of weed community in paddy field and provide a basis for standard weed control system, by fixed-point notation and random visual inspection, fixed-point system observation and field investigation were conducted, weed species, community composition and damage status were studied, and the survey results were compared with that of 1993. The results showed that the occurrence frequency of cyperus difformis, reed, rice millet, eleocharis congesta decreased, while that of wild arrowhead, Monochoria, monochoria vaginalis, Alisma, leerisia orygoides L, Grape stem Agrostis increased, weed community in paddy field changed from the pattern of“gramineous weeds + sedge weeds + broad leaved weeds”to the pattern of“broad leaved weeds + gramineous weeds + sedge weeds”. The succession of weed communities in paddy field was influenced by the longtime and large amount application of herbicide, the change of irrigation and cultivation methods and climatic conditions.

  Determination of Supercooling Point and Freezing Point of Overwintering Eggs of Two Grasshoppers Liu Yanchao,Li Yingjiao,Gao Yu and Shi Shusen 2017, 33 (23):  95-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120039 Abstract + ( 669 )   PDF ( 817KB )   ( 355 ) Oxya chinensis and Atractomorpha lata are the main pests of paddy and dry fields in Northeast China. To determine overwintering eggs supercooling point and cold resistance of the two pests, the thermocouple method, coupled with supercooling point testing instrument and cryogenic refrigeration storage box are used to measure the supercooling point, water content, the length and width, and the morphological index of oocysts of the Oxya chinensis and Atractomorpha lata. The conclusion shows that the supercooling point of Oxya chinensis overwintering eggs averages (-15.8±1.42)℃, freezing point (-12.73±1.29)℃, water content 59%, while the supercooling point of Atractomorpha?lata overwintering eggs averages (-19.44±0.40)℃, freezing point (-19.44±0.40)℃，water content 71%. The change of water content in Oxya chinensis and Atractomorpha lata has a significant effect on the supercooling point. Therefore, the research of the cold tolerance of grasshopper should be linked with its life history environment, development stage, biological state, body water content, anti-freeze protection material, ice core material and other factors.

  Effect of Different Promoters on Expression of HA-VP2 Recombinant Baculovirus Protein Yu Hang,Gao Dongni,Tian Zhaofeng,Ping Wenxiang and Ge Jingping 2017, 33 (23):  100-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120133 Abstract + ( 777 )   PDF ( 1006KB )   ( 391 ) In order to investigate the effect of different promoters of the expression of IBDV-VP2 protein to chose the better expression system. In this research, HA-TAG was added to the epitope of IBDV-VP2 gene, which was integrated into the 5 "end of VP2 gene. The HA-VP2 gene was amplified and integrated into the recombination transfer vector containing CMV, CBA and EF1α promoters Vector to construct HA-VP2 recombinant baculovirus. The Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells were infected with the recombinant baculovirus, and the optimal promoter was determined by bioinformatics software. The results showed that CMV promoter was similar to CBA promoter activity and significantly different from EF1α promoter activity (p <0.05). And this study will provide a new idea for the development of avian genetic engineering vaccines by comparing the effects of different promoters on the protein expression level.

  Livestock Manure Treatment in China: Utilization Status and Countermeasures Xu Wenzhi,Ouyang Ping,Luo Fuxiang,Liu Haitao,Zhu Yongqun and Lin Chaowen 2017, 33 (23):  106-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030078 Abstract + ( 900 )   PDF ( 643KB )   ( 939 ) With the continuous expansion of the scale of livestock and poultry breeding, the environmental pollution caused by livestock manure is becoming increasingly serious, which has caused widely concern. Based on the analysis of livestock manure emission, regional distribution and species of the main pollutants, the utilization of livestock manure as fertilizer, feed and energy were summarized in this paper. Moreover, the outstanding problems so far were also summarized, which are imperfect policies and regulations, disjointed planting and breeding industry, backwards of technologies and equipment, lack of knowledge for the related practitioners and the government and society inputs. In addition, the appropriate countermeasures were proposed in this paper.

  Effects of Different Control Techniques on Mechanical Transplanting Seedling Growth and Yield of Late Rice Liu Fen,Qu Cheng,Wang Xin,Yang Man,Chen Guanghui and Wang Yue 2017, 33 (23):  113-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010025 Abstract + ( 673 )   PDF ( 680KB )   ( 322 ) In order to explore the effects of different regulating treatments on the growth and yield of rice transplanterseedling,Hyou 518 and Yueyou 9113 were used as experimental materials, and seed soaking with uniconazole, seed dressing with paclobutrazol and spraying with paclobutrazol twice under field cultivation conditions.The results showed that late rice varieties Hyou 518 and Yueyou 9113 had higher seedling height, leaf age, seedling rate and fresh weight per hundred seeding, and could significantly improve the transplanting quality. The whole growth period was shortened by one day, the maximum dry matter weight, the highest yield were 490.3kg/667m2 and 482.4kg/667m2. The yield of paclobutrazol was the second. The treatment of paclobutrazol with two foliage treatments had the largest stem width, but the whole growth period was prolonged for one day. In conclusion, the seed soaking treatment of uniconazole was the most beneficial to cultivate strong late rice transplanter seedling, improve transplanting quality, shorten the growth period and ensure the machine transplanting yield, which is good for mechanized rice cultivation.

  The Relationship Between Milk Line Position and Grain Weight, Mechanized Harvest of Summer Corn Meng Yan,Sun Xiyun,Meng Fanyu,Lu Guangyuan and Hou Qianqian 2017, 33 (23):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110027 Abstract + ( 732 )   PDF ( 563KB )   ( 396 ) In order to investigate the relationship between grain filling rate, dehydration rate and mechanized harvest of the summer corns in Huang-Huai-Hai region, we selected 8 varieties (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H) with large planted areas to measure and analyze the traits of grain filling rate, 100-seed weight, water content and milk-line position. Results showed that when the milk line 90% retreated the grain filling of all the 8 varieties finished and the value of 100-seed weight reached to the highest, the maximum value is 43.02 g, which indicated the positive correlation between the grain filling time and 100-seed weight. However, when the milk line completely disappeared, the 100-seed weight was largely reduced by 8.66%. There was no significant difference between the traits of 8 varieties during the periods of grain weight rising, but in the periods of grain weight falling, the traits of D, E, H were significantly different with the other varieties and dehydration rate of C and A had significant difference with the other six varieties. The water content of grains was negatively correlated with milk-line position. As the milk line 90% retreated the grain water content decreased to <30%. Taken together, the key factor influencing the mechanized harvest of summer corns is harvesting time, rather than the varieties. Moreover, the period of milk-line position 90% retreated is the best time for harvest; if the harvest is too late, the yield will be reduced with varying degrees.

  Water Management Rule of Wheat Simplified Cultivation Mode ‘Thousand Catties by Watering Once’ Sun Mingqing,Li Yuehua,Zhang Guanghui,Hou Dashan,Li Juanru,Liu Qiang,Gao Qian,He Xu and Zhao Suohui 2017, 33 (23):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010113 Abstract + ( 616 )   PDF ( 504KB )   ( 367 ) In order to research the water management rule of winter wheat water-saving irrigation,during 2014-2015 and 2015-2016,the demonstration research on simplified cultivation model of winter wheat with thousand catties by watering once was conducted with soil moisture for seeding technical measures. This experiment was tested in the condition of rainfall in the whole growth period of winter wheat was not significant difference with that of conventional year. Result showed that the average rainfall in the whole growth period of winter wheat was 132.4 mm in Shijiazhuang region in the recent ten years. It only accounted for roughly one-third of the average water requirement. Without considering water active layer from 0 to 40 cm, the soil moisture content under 40 cm was increasing gradually in a trend of soil layer down. The soil moisture content in different layers was over the wilting coefficient before winter wheat jointing time. The average water consumption in the whole growth period of winter wheat under the mode of thousand catties by watering once was 4 404.0 m3/hm2. The average water consumption of soil was 1 852.5 m3/hm2. Water consumption in the whole growth period was close to that of the conventional irrigation mode. The cultivation model of winter wheat with thousand catties by watering once in the middle and south of Hebei Province realized the unity of water-saving and high-yielding. Winter wheat irrigation water should be over 1 200 m3 / hm2. The total water consumption in whole growth period of winter wheat should be more than 4 650 m3 / hm2.

  Optimization of Ultrasonic-assisted Extraction of Total Flavonoids from Gueldenstadetia verna by Response Surface Methodology Shi Meirong 2017, 33 (23):  129-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110123 Abstract + ( 613 )   PDF ( 1218KB )   ( 398 ) Objective: Establish a method of ultrasonic assisted extraction of flavonoids in Gueldenstadetia verna. Method: The whole plant of Gueldenstadetia verna as experimental material, do experiment by selecting four single factors: solid-liquid ratio, ultrasonic temperature, ultrasonic power, extraction time, on this basis, through these four single factors as the independent variable and the yield of total flavonoids of Gueldenstadetia verna as response values, design the response surface optimization method of four factors three levels. Results: The best process parameters for optimization analysis are as follows: ratio of solid-liquid 1:40 g/mL, ultrasonic temperature 45 ℃, ultrasonic power 300 w and ultrasonic time 60 min. The actual value was 8.0795 %, compared with the theoretical value 8.2195 %, the RSD was 0.33%. Conclusion: This experiment method have advantages of simple operation, short extraction time, solvent recovery and low cost, and the component have the advantages of quality, less solvent residue.

  Study on Space Layout Reconstruction for Rural Residential Under the Background of Village-hollowing Sun Lina 2017, 33 (23):  138-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020046 Abstract + ( 620 )   PDF ( 1445KB )   ( 429 ) Space layout reconstruction for rural residential has important value for the planning of the rural residential areas and the economical and intensive use of land. The paper takes MingShui county of Heilongjiang province as the research area, by calculating the village-hollowing level ,the importance index ,urgency index, Sorting sequence index of the rural residential of the research area,divide the rural residential areas of collating sequence, put forward the migration scheme of the rural residential areas. The results showed that, the rural-hollowing phenomenon is obvious of every villages and towns, in the severe-hollowing villages, Zhangkuiying village has the hightest rate; in the prediction results of the villages-hollowing trend, Chengbei village has the most obvious increasing trend in the near-planning period, Huzhu village has the most obvious increasing trend in the mid-planning period, Xiangyang village has the most obvious increasing trend in the forward-planning period; according to the land consolidation sequence, the reserve rural residential has the fifty percent, the rural residential in the near-planning period has the 9.8 percent, the rural residential in the mid-planning period has the 23.53 percent, the rural residential in the forward-planning period has the 31.37 percent. At last, according to the space layout of the rural residential and farmers’ willingness, put forward reasonable scheme for the migration, the results provide reference and scientific basis for the rural residential planning.

  Spatial Pattern Difference of Rural Residential Areas in Wen County of Longnan Dang Guofeng and Li Yanmei 2017, 33 (23):  147-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030102 Abstract + ( 660 )   PDF ( 2246KB )   ( 498 ) Based on the data of land use and related statistics of Wen County in 2015, this paper quantitatively analyses the spatial distribution pattern characteristics of Wen County rural residential by using the theory of GIS spatial analysis and landscape ecology as well as the method of Spatial Metrics, cluster clustering test, the average nearest neighbor index, spatial Hot spot detection and analysis of the model. Results indicate five phenomena: first, Wen County rural settlements scatter mainly along the traffic roads and rivers, forming maple-like shape based on road and river network distribution; second, as for the scale of rural residential land, Wen County is generally small in size, showing low-value gathers and high-value discrete features. In Tianchi Town, Chengguan Town and other area, the "cold spots" of small-scale village clusters are formed while in Dam town and other regions the "hot spots" of large-scale rural areas distribution are taken shape；third, the rural settlements of Wen County are dominated by cluster and random distribution in space under the influence of resource conditions, natural location and human activities；fourth, the distribution of rural residents in Wen County showed a clustering pattern with obvious regional differences, however, the high density area centered on Fanba Town and Bikou Town, in general, was formed, which were gradually sparsely low toward the north, the west and the south; fifth, the rural settlements in the whole county is relatively neat and its fragmentation is low, showing a relatively stable evolutionary form. The complexity of the distribution of settlements in the local area is high, and the scale of east and west is obvious, and the complexity is gradually weakened from east to west.

  Farmers’ Willingness to Conduct Organic Agriculture Planting: Analysis Based on Data of Organic Rice Farmers of Yang County in Shaanxi Province Liu Zifei 2017, 33 (23):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020055 Abstract + ( 523 )   PDF ( 636KB )   ( 334 ) Organic agriculture is the concrete practice of the ecological civilization construction in agriculture, and promotes agricultural modernization and structural reform on the part of supply. Taking organic rice in crested ibis nature reserve as an example, this paper empirically analyzes farmers’ willingness to plant organic agriculture. The results show that: although ecological awareness is high, but nearly a quarter of the actual planting of rice farmers reluctant to plant organic rice, it means that farmers’ willingness to plant organic rice is not so high. Household per capita net income, non-agricultural income share, per capita paddy field, education level, and ecological awareness has a positive influence on willingness to plant organic rice respectively. At the end, some suggestions including of focusing on vital interests, Promoting labor transfer, improving related policies, increasing human capital investment and farmers'' ecological awareness are promoted based on conclusions.