Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.24 Published:05 September 2017

  Effects of Loss Control and Normal Compound Fertilizers on Growth and Development and Yield of Wheat 2017, 33 (24):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070124 Abstract + ( 1167 )   To compare the effects of loss control (WC) and normal compound fertilizer (NC) on the growth and development and yield of wheat, a random block experiment was set at the experimental field of Baoding Academy of Agricultural Science during 2015-2016. Winter wheat variety‘Baomai 10’was used as material, two kinds of fertilizers with the same nutrition content of N 20%，P2O5 20% and K2O 8% were applied at a rate of 600 kg/hm2 in soil preparation before sowing, 3 repeats were conducted. The results showed that there were significant differences in growth and development, dry matter accumulation and yield characteristics with different fertilizer treatments, and the effect of WC treatment was significantly better than that of NC treatment. Compared with NC, the 1000-grain weight, dry mass and yield of wheat could be increased by 2.5%, 20.7% and 6.3% respectively with WC treatment. LAI and photosynthetic rate of wheat at grain filling stage were increased with WC treatment. At the same time, WC treatment also increased the basal internode thickness and bending force, and the fertilizer agronomy efficiency (AE) increased by 23.5%. As a new type of fertilizer, WC will play an important role in improving wheat yield, increasing fertilization efficiency and protecting the environment.

  Effect of Different Water Treatments on Yield and Agronomic Characters of Wheat 2017, 33 (24):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110106 Abstract + ( 935 )   To clarify the effect of water on yield and agronomic characters in Cangzhou area, 18 wheat varieties in the north area of Huanghuai were collected for spring irrigation treatment. The effects of irrigation frequency on tiller dynamics, leaf area coefficient, and yield of different varieties were analyzed by indoor and field investigation. The results showed that the yield of wheat increased by 1021.05 kg/hm2 on average by pouring one time water compared with that of 0 water, and 900.00 kg/hm2 on average by pouring two times water compared with that of one time water. During the grain filling stage, the investigation of the flag leaf area suggested that the leaf area of 0 water was the smallest, with an average of 18.15 cm2, the leaf area of one time water was 20.34 cm2, and the leaf area of two times water was the biggest, 24.05 cm2. With the increase of irrigation times, the volume weight of every variety decreased, the number of spike sterility decreased, and the plant height gradually increased. The study showed that the yield loss was 900.00 kg/hm2 by reducing one time irrigation in Cangzhou area.

  Genetic Parameter Debugging for Spring Maize in Jilin Based on CERES-Maize Model 2017, 33 (24):  12-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080028 Abstract + ( 947 )   To simulate the growth and yield of spring maize with the CERES-Maize model, main spring maize genetic parameters of Jilin must be determined. Genetic parameters were debugged and verified based on the observed experimental data, weather and soil data of main spring maize varieties‘Jidan159’and‘Xianyu 335’. The results showed that the measured and simulated value of the two spring maize varieties at growth stage both scattered around with 1:1 line. TheRMSE value of days from planting to flowering and from planting to maturity of‘Jidan159’was 3.78 and 10.90, respectively. The RMSE value of days from planting to emergence, from planting to flowering, and from planting to maturity of‘Xianyu335’was 1.12, 3.20 and 4.85, respectively. Simulated and measured value of top weight andLAI of the two spring maize varieties were closed at heading stage, followed by the biggest difference at three-leaf and seven-leaf stages. TheRRMSE value of yield of‘Jidan159’and‘Xianyu335’was 4.31% and 4.81%, respectively. It indicated that CERES-Maize model was better for simulating the growth stage and yield of spring maize in Jilin, the simulating of the above ground biomass came the second, and the simulating ofLAI was ordinary. In conclusion, CERES-Maize model could be applied to evaluating the effect of climate change on spring maize in Jilin Province.

  Selection of Mechanical Harvest Maize Varieties in Shanxi Province 2017, 33 (24):  20-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040048 Abstract + ( 1018 )   The aim is to screen the suitable mechanical harvest maize varieties in the spring maize planting zone of Shanxi Province. 30 new maize varieties were collected in this experiment. The random block arrangement, interval contrast design and the whole mechanical management were used in this study, and the differences of agronomic traits and yield were compared. The results showed that only variety‘Heyu 301’ could meet the approval criteria for mechanical harvest maize, with a growth period of 118 days, 17.2% grain moisture content at harvesting, and the yield increased by 5.7% compared with the control. The other varieties did not meet the ideal requirements of mechanical harvest. The yield of maize was closely related to the growth period and grain moisture content. How to balance the relationship between grain performance and the growth period, grain moisture content as well as yield and breed the suitable mechanical harvest maize varieties still need more researches in the following years. The breeding and screening of suitable mechanical harvest maize varieties should focus on moderate growth period, quick dehydration and lodging resistance, on the basis of ensuring yield.

  Pedigree and Characteristics of Sushu Starch-type Sweetpotato Varieties 2017, 33 (24):  27-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080051 Abstract + ( 1220 )   To summarize and explore the theory and practice of the breeding methods of starch sweetpotato varieties, and accelerate the breeding process of breakthrough varieties, the authors conducted statistical analysis on variety characteristics of 16 varieties in Sushu starch-type sweetpotato series, which were bred in 2000-2016. The main agronomic and economic traits of these varieties were analyzed. The results showed that: the yield of these sweetpotato varieties steadily increased, and the disease resistance increased gradually. However, the starch content of varieties needed to be further improved. In the pedigree analysis, these varieties were mostly family lineage of Nancy Hall and Okinawa No.100, so these varieties had low levels of genetic diversity, and the genetic basis was narrow. The paper pointed out that, the dual-purpose starch varieties which had medium dry matter content and high yield, were more popular than special purpose varieties in the market. Trait analysis results showed that the length of the longest vine tended to shorten, about 160 cm; the stem diameter changed greatly, and the change varied among different varieties; the number of base branches had a large improvement space. Therefore, innovation and screening of germplasm resources should put starch content as one of the breeding targets, based on short vine (less than 150 cm), multi-branched (more than 10). We should focus more on the collection of germplasm resources with high starch content, and increase starch content of starch-type sweetpotato varieties to 25%.

  Degradation Characteristics of Different Mulch and the Effect on Potato Yield 2017, 33 (24):  36-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040110 Abstract + ( 601 )   A field trial was conducted to study the degradation characteristics of different mulch and the effect on soil temperature, moisture and yield of potato in Jimo Vegetable Science and Technology Demonstration Plot. The results showed that the degradation effect of bio-degradable film was the best, the degradation level of 0.006, 0.008 and 0.010 mm bio-degradable film reached 5, 4 and 3 grade before harvest, while the PE film only degraded to the level of grade 1. Bio- degradable film had better effect on raising temperature and retaining moisture, but less than that of PE film. Compared with no film treatment, 0.006, 0.008 and 0.010 mm bio-degradable film and PE film could increase the yield by 12.9%, 33.3%, 33.6% and 14.9%. The results indicated that bio-degradable film increased soil temperature and potato yield, degraded fast, had no artificial cleanup cost and had less pollution. Considering the price of different types of bio-degradable films, 0.008 mm is more suitable for potato planting in Qingdao, which has obvious yield-increasing effect and could offer substitute products of membrane pollution regulation, and is benefit to control agricultural non-point source pollution.

  Construction of Core Germplasm of Sugar Beet 2017, 33 (24):  41-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040157 Abstract + ( 634 )   To solve the problems in the research, identification, preservation and utilization of sugar beet germplasm resources due to the increase of germplasm resources and abundant genetic variation types, based on construction methods of core germplasm of other crops, the methods of data collecting and supplementing, the sampling strategy, the effective evaluation means and the construction steps were summarized. At the same time, the problems in the construction process of beet core germplasm were put forward, and the complexity of the construction and the necessity of improving the data of sugar beet germplasm resources were pointed out.

  Construction and Optimization of CDDP-PCR in Beet 2017, 33 (24):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050112 Abstract + ( 647 )   The study aims to establish the optimal conserved DNA- derived polymorphism (CDDP) amplification system of sugar beet, with the purpose of using CDDP molecular marker technique to carry out the sugar beet varieties fingerprint construction, core collection construction and molecular marker assisted breeding. This experiment optimized the sugar beet CDDP system by using the method of single factor variable and ultimately determined the beet optimum CDDP system with a total volume of 20 μL, containing 10 μL of MIX, 0.5 μL of primers and 0.5 μL of template DNA. 8 varieties of sugar beets were amplified using the optimized reaction system and the results showed that all materials could be amplified out clear and stable bands and the primer’s polymorphism was very abundant. Thus, the optimized system of CDDP in this study is very suitable for beet CDDP-PCR analysis.

  Saline Water: Effects on Canopy Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield and Quality of Cotton Under Drip Irrigation 师维军,,,崔建平 and 2017, 33 (24):  52-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050031 Abstract + ( 467 )   To explore the effects of saline water on cotton under mulch drip irrigation in Xinjiang, the authors used the mixing of saline water from alkali discharge canal with river water, set river water as the control (CK) and two treatments of saline water salinities of 3 g/L and 5 g/L, to study the effects of saline water drip irrigation on cotton canopy photosynthetic characteristics and cotton yield and quality. The results showed that the effects of saline water irrigation on cotton at early flowering stage was not obvious, and gradually increased to the full-blossom stage; compared with the control, saline water drip irrigation decreased cotton LAI, MTA and Pn, and the decreasing effect of 5 g/L treatment was more than that of 3 g/L treatment, but the transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of 3 g/L treatment was higher than that of CK and 5 g/L. Saline water drip irrigation decreased cotton yield, 3 g/L treatment had less obvious effect than 5 g/L treatment, the main reason was the number of bolls per plant decreased significantly, while boll weight increased, and lint percentage had no obvious change. Saline water had no significant effect on the fiber length and specific strength, but the Micronaire value increased significantly. Therefore, low saline water can be used in cotton production in Xinjiang to alleviate the drought and achieve high and stable yield.

  Fractal Dynamics of Land Use in Songhua River Basin From 1950 to 2015 2017, 33 (24):  57-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040161 Abstract + ( 770 )   By GIS technology, the authors studied land use structure change and fractal dynamics in 66 years from 1950 to 2015 in Songhua River area. The results showed that: (1) land use types within the basin were mainly farmland, woodland, grassland and marshes, and the area of woodland, grassland and marsh showed a decreasing trend, sand and saline land area increased, and the dynamic degree was the biggest; (2) the fractal dimension of Songhua River basin gradually increased from 1.3605, and approached the critical value of 1.50 and the structural stability decreased. The stability of farmland, woodland, river, residential area and saline land were relatively good, and the stability of the natural vegetation type in grassland, lake, sand and marshland were poor and easily to be disturbed by the outside environment. Farmland, woodland, river, residential area, saline land and marshland showed a decreasing trend, while grassland, lake and sand land increased.

  Effect of Salt Stress on Plant Nutritional Organs’Morphology and Structure: Research Progress 2017, 33 (24):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050110 Abstract + ( 654 )   To improve plants’adaptability to poor environment and maintain the continuity of species, it is inevitable that the structure and morphology of plants must change under salt stress. Salty soil distributes in China wildly and the crops are subject to all kinds of stress, these lead to plants maldevelopment and yield decrease, so it is very urgent to solve the problem of stress caused by salty soil on plant. In this paper, theauthors explained the effects of salt stress on plant from the structure and morphology of root, stem and leaf, and analyzed the mechanism of plants’toleration to salt stress, and the results could provide reference for breeding salt-tolerant varieties.

  Response of Desert Herbaceous Plants to Drought Stress 陈雷,丁文魁,张宇林, and 魏育国 2017, 33 (24):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070109 Abstract + ( 666 )   The paper aims to know the process of drought disaster in desert ecosystem and the effect of drought on the growth of Agropyron cristatum and Cornulaca alaschanica and the release mechanism. The authors designed 3 kinds of treatments, which were drought stress, supplement irrigation and natural growth, and compared the changes of external morphology, yield and soil moisture index of the 2 herbaceous plants. Theresults showed that: the drought stress led to yellow withered stage in advance and the supplement irrigation made yellow withered stage delay; the drought stress delayed the flowering stage and shortened the reproductive period of Cornulaca alaschanica. Affected by drought stress, the growth height, dry matter, cover and soil water storage capacity of Agropyron cristatum and Cornulaca alaschanica decreased, and the effects of drought stress on the growth process gradually increased; 73 days and 88 days of turning green were start turning point of height growth of Cornulaca alaschanica and Agropyron cristatum, respectively. Affected by drought stress, 106- 121 days and 181- 197 days of turning green were the critical period of dry matter accumulation of Cornulaca alaschanica and Agropyron cristatum, respectively. Drought stress effect on soil water storage capacity was showed significantly from the flowering period of Cornulaca alaschanica, and had significant differences from the end of leaf expansion period of Agropyron cristatum, and with depth increasing, the decrease range of soil moisture storage capacity increased.

  Contrastive Analysis of Stream Gradient Based on Multiscale DEM 2017, 33 (24):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040014 Abstract + ( 777 )   The aim of this study is to calculate river gradient by DEM, analyze the influence of DEM resolution and threshold on gradient and extract the best resolution and optimal threshold. The ASTER GDEM and SRTM3 DEM of Yan River were selected, the drainage line was extracted by ArcGIS under the resolution of 60, 150, 200 and 300 m, and then the stream gradient was calculated. The results showed that the average stream gradient was 3.39‰, gradient was affected by DEM resolution and threshold. When the DEM resolution was less than 150 m, the gradient decreased with the increase of threshold; when the resolution was greater than 150 m, the gradient increased gradually. Therefore, the resolution of DEM should not exceed 150 m, when the resolution was 90 m, the results accorded with the physical situation of Yan River; when the resolution of DEM were 30, 60, 90, 150, 200 and 300 m, the optimal threshold were 65000, 60000, 30000, 70000, 40000 and 20000, respectively. The results calculated with 85% drainage line polyline information were close to the true value. In this study, the calculation and the analysis of stream gradient of Yan River are beneficial for the application of DEM in hydrology.

  Comparison of Different Acid Digestion Methods forLeafy Vegetables in the Determination of Heavy Metals by ICP-OES 陈昕妮 2017, 33 (24):  80-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070089 Abstract + ( 877 )   Leafy vegetablesare the daily consumption food, a quick and accurate way in the determination of heavy metalsinplant samples is very important for the supervision and management of food safety. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP) is auniversal analysis technique for inorganic elements, especially for heavy metals,ICPis widely used in the analysis for biological and environmentalsamples. However, differentdigestion methodscould cause large differencesto the determined results. The authorsgained the proper acid digestion system,which wasHNO3:H2SO4:HClO4=3:1:1, based on the comparison of the effects of several ordinary digestion methods including the volumes of the acid used and their ratio on the concentration of Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb in pakchoi samples. The results showed that the relative standard deviations (RSD ) were in the range of 3.50%-6.33%, and the recoveryrates were above 92%for Cu, Zn and Cr, while 78% for Pb. The proposed method could be used for the examination of these heavy metals.The experiment provideduseful technical guidance for the determination of heavy metals in leafy vegetables by ICP-OES.

  Comparison of Bacterial Diversity of Paddy-tobacco Rotation Soil in Sanming 张书泰,陈献勇,杨秋明,刘肖萍,陈璐,李利君 and 2017, 33 (24):  85-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16080081 Abstract + ( 688 )   To compare bacterial diversity and community structure of paddy-tobacco rotation soils in Sanming, Fujian, and to understand microbial diversity resources, bacterial phyla of different soil samples were analyzed. Bacterial 16S rDNA gene libraries of Jiangle sandy loam soil, Jiangle loam soil, Ninghua sandy loam soil and Ninghua loam soil were constructed to study soil bacterial diversity and community structure. The results showed that 11 phyla were detected in bacterial libraries, including Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the dominant species in the two samples of Jiangle soils, and the dominant species of Ninghua were Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria. The Shannon-Wiener index (H′ ) and Simpson′s diversity index (D ) showed that bacterial diversity of loam soil was higher than that of sandy loam soil. The results of 16S rDNA gene libraries indicated that high bacterial diversity was found in paddy-tobacco rotation soil, the results presented certain references for the preliminary understanding of the bacterial species and composition. At the same time, the study also provided a scientific evidence for making better use of the microbial resources in this area.

  Arable Land Soil pH Situation and Acidic Soil Regulation Approaches in Henan 2017, 33 (24):  91-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120044 Abstract + ( 1141 )   Soil acidification has become a limiting factor for crop growth in north China. In this paper, soil acidity of cultivated land in Henan Province was comprehensively expounded by analyzing field soil samples. The remediation measures of acidified soils were researched and promoted by means of field investigations and experimental demonstration. The results showed that soil acidification began to emerge in Henan. Adding alkaline soil conditioner, lime, calcium magnesium phosphate and alkaline fertilizer could make seasonal crop yield in severely acidified soil increase by more than 120%. At the same time, combining with agricultural resources in Henan Province, the authors summarized soil acidification regulation approaches, including an establishing soil testing and formulated fertilization system with pH value as the index, expanding straw returning to field, reasonably using livestock manure, deepening tillage to increase the depth of topsoil and so forth.

  Myrciaria cauliflora (DC) Berg: Traits and Meteorological Factors in Beibei, Chongqing 马境,何遂,吉莉,汪志辉,张爽 and 司云燕 2017, 33 (24):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070070 Abstract + ( 916 )   To study the climate adaptability of Myrciaria cauliflora (DC) Berg in Beibei, Chongqing, the authors observed the growth of Myrciaria cauliflora (DC) Berg after the introduction, and analyzed the climate background of the introduction provenance and Beibei, studied the phenological phase changes after the introduction. The results showed that: after being introduced into Beibei, Myrciaria cauliflora (DC) Berg grew normally and was able to adapt to the climatic environment; however, its anthesis and maturity was postponed one month after leaving the provenance; besides, the annual flowering and maturity frequency decreased, and the yield declined; the phenological phase of Myrciaria cauliflora (DC) Berg was closely related to accumulated temperature and sunshine; the higher the accumulated temperature was, the better the sunshine condition would be and the earlier the phenological phase came; Myrciaria cauliflora (DC) Berg would begin to flower when the active accumulated temperature came to around 1500℃. The low temperature and less sunlight in Beibei resulted in phenological phase change of the introducedMyrciaria cauliflora (DC) Berg.

  Diagnosis Analysis of a Vortex Snowstorm Process in Late Spring in Northern Hami 2017, 33 (24):  101-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070090 Abstract + ( 878 )   To study the causes of snowstorm weather in eastern Xinjiang, improve the forecast level of similar disaster weather, and provide references for forecasting snowstorm, the authors analyzed the regional automatic weather station data and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data of Junmachang (north of Hami) from May 20 to 21, 2016. The results showed that: the snowstorm was formed by the influence of low vortex and ground cold front in the north of Xinjiang, under the background of the polar front jet stream with obvious south extension; a strong upward motion between 550 and 750 hPa provided power for snowstorm and continuous water vapor flux divergence below 600 hPa provided water vapor for snowstorm; the warm advection of the early stage provided thermal conditions for the appearance of precipitation, and then the strong cold advection decreased the temperature, leading to snowfall; the vertical distribution of the middle to low frontogenesis and frontolysis made a good correlation with the duration of precipitation; significant southward movement of polar front rapid zone provided favorable circulation conditions.

  Characteristics Analysis of Climate Resources for Tea in Zhejiang Under the Background of Climate Change 2017, 33 (24):  106-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070106 Abstract + ( 624 )   By using the 1971-2015 daily meteorological data from 66 meteorological stations in Zhejiang, the spatio-temporal characteristics of climate resources for tea growth were analyzed. The results showed that: climate changed obviously in recent 45 years, with the average temperature and ≥10℃ accumulated temperature increasing; what’s more, the rainfall fluctuated obviously with a little increasing trend, while the sunshine hours decreased with the rate of 60.6 h/10 d; according to the Mann-Kendall test, the mutation point of temperature was in 1994; after the mutation, the temperature increased by 1.1℃, which contributed to the picking time 8 days in advance. The results would provide more reliable basis for adapting to climate change during tea production.

  Effect of Different Treatments of Toona ciliata Clones on Total Buds of Twigs 廖德志,,,,,,, and 肖吉 2017, 33 (24):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070026 Abstract + ( 594 )   It is necessary to establish the cutting orchard of Toona ciliata for solving the problems of insufficient cuttings and low propagation coefficient during cutting process. Taking clones of T. ciliata propagated by our project group as the experimental material, systematic study was carried out on the relationship between clone characteristics, planting intensity, heading height of clone plant, pruning intensity and total buds number of twigs by field trials. The results showed that: the total buds of twigs of T. ciliata clones depended on clones’characters, planting density, stem height, and pruning intensity. To establish clones cutting orchard, the optimum density was 1.0 m×2.0 m, and stem height was 80 cm, at the same time, pruning the branches by one-third or half could have good effect of increasing production on semi-lignified branches.

  Determination and Revision of the Pure Premium Rates of Cold Damage of Mango in Hainan Island 2017, 33 (24):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070067 Abstract + ( 736 )   Historical sequences of Mango yield reduction caused by cold damage were calculated based on the data of yield during 1990—2010 and the data of weather of 18 cities/countries in Hainan Island from 1961 to 2010, and the distribution models of yield risk were constructed by applying extreme value theory to determine the pure premium rates of the study areas. Then, according to Mango cold damage risk and yield risk division, regional risk factors were calculated by clustering analysis to revise the pure premium rates, and the revised pure premium rates were the pure premium rates of cold damage of Mango under different deductibles in the study areas. The result showed that under different deductibles, the areas with the highest pure premium rates were Baisha, Qiongzhong, Wuzhishan and Chengmai that located in the middle and north of Hainan Island, indicating the highest cold damage risk in these areas. The pure premium rates in Danzhou, Lingao and Tunchang were slightly lower. This result agreed with the risk of cold damage in weather analysis, showing that Mango planting in the middle and northwest of Hainan Island suffered more from cold damage and was suitable for the standard rates of high deductibles. In this study, the pure premium rates were calculated based on long sequences of meteorological data, which could avoid the problem of insufficient and unstable output data, and effectively prevent the adverse selection and moral hazard. The study can provide certain references for the design of meteorological index insurance product for other tropical fruits, and encourage more farmers to be involved in the insurance.

  Probability Classification of Luffa Browning Degree and Its Regression Analysis with Total Phenol 2017, 33 (24):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020109 Abstract + ( 627 )   The research aims to use the method of probability classification and regression analysis to reveal the relationship between luffa browning degree and its total phenol content, and establish a standard luffa grade based on normal distribution of the browning degree. The browning degree and total phenol were determined among 38 luffa varieties. Furthermore, luffa browning probability was divided into five grades [i.e., extremely low (1), low (2), medium (3), high (4), extremely high (5)] according to four points (i.e., X-1.2818S, X-0.5246S, X+0.5246S and X+1.2818S), and its linear-regression with total phenol was analyzed. The K-S normality testing results showed that the browning degree which ranged from 2.17 to 9.60 conformed to normal distribution, and had an average value of 6.211 and a variable coefficient of 29.77%. There was a significant linear relationship between luffa browning degree and total phenol, and a linear regression equation was established (i.e., y=3.559x- 2.837). The results showed that there was a significantly positive correlation between luffa total phenol and its browning degree.

  Theory and Practice of Rural Landscape Planning and Design 2017, 33 (24):  129-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110087 Abstract + ( 725 )   The authors took the rural landscape planning and designing as the research object, analyzed the present situation of rural landscape by the SWOT method in Heilongjiang Province. By taking Yongji village in Mingshui County, Heilongjiang Province as an example, the authors investigated the problems in landscape utilization from residential architecture land, public facilities land, road and square land and water and other land, and proposed reasonable solutions and design strategies, the research results could provide references for beautiful countryside construction.

  Evaluation of Inhibitory Effect of an Allelopathic Rice Male Sterile Line‘N57S’ on Barnyard Grass in Filed 2017, 33 (24):  137-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070103 Abstract + ( 1510 )   The objective is to evaluate the inhibitory effect and the stability of an allelopathic rice male sterile line‘N57S’on barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli L. Beauv) in filed, and explore the prospect of‘N57S’ in rice breeding.‘PI312777’and‘allelopathic rice 3’were used as control. Three sowing dates were set up. Five kinds of weed suppression traits and their stability were analyzed. The results showed that,‘N57S’ performed strong weed suppression ability against barnyard grass in three sowing dates. The average inhibition rate of‘N57S’at filling stage in three sowing dates was between‘PI312777’and‘allelopathic rice 3’, showing no significant difference. The other four weed suppression traits also showed no significant difference compared with the control in three sowing dates. The stability of the inhibition rate of filling stage of‘N57S’ and the average plant height and the dry weight per plant of associated barnyard grass were better than those of the two controls. The stability of the inhibition rate of filling stage of‘N57S’was the best among the five weed suppression traits, and its coefficient of variability was just 4.51%. And then the inhibition rate of filling stage of‘N57S’can be regarded as a standard to evaluate the allelopathy of‘N57S’preliminarily. The correlation analysis showed that the total inhibitory effect of allelopathic rice on barnyard grass was decided by the allelopathy effect and competition effect jointly. And the germination of barnyard grass was mainly suppressed by the allelopathy effect, while the survival rate and the biomass accumulation of the survival barnyard grass was mainly inhibited by the competition effect, but the correlation between them was not statistically significant.‘N57S’was an excellent allelopathic rice material which performed strong inhibitory ability on barnyard grass and had some stable weed suppression traits in field, owning brilliant prospect in application and study.

  Occurrence Rule and Prediction of Hydrellia griseola in Sanjiang Plain 2017, 33 (24):  144-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070025 Abstract + ( 707 )   To determine the occurrence rule of Hydrellia griseola in rice producing areas of Heilongjiang Province (Sanjiang plain) and the main meteorological factors affecting the occurrence of Hydrellia griseola, an experiment was conducted to investigate the occurrence of Hydrellia griseola in Sanjiang plain from 2006 for 10 consecutive years, meteorological factors and the first generation of the insect population were collected during Hydrellia griseola occurrence period, by means of path analysis and stepwise regression analysis, the insect population of 100 plants, the meteorological factors and the population of the first generation of Hydrellia griseola in the end of June were studied. The results showed that the first generation of insect population and the average air temperature in the middle of May were the direct factors that affected Hydrellia griseolas, the average temperature in early May and late May influenced Hydrellia griseolas population of 100 plants by its influence on the first generation of insect population. The short term forecasting model based on stepwise regression Y=-150.012- 1.432X1+ 7.79X4+ 0.17X6+ 5.96X7- 0.121X9- 0.14X12- 0.09X15+ 1.43X19 fitting effect was good. It could be used in the prediction of Hydrellia griseola in Sanjiang plain.

  Weeds Ecological Niche of Different Rotation Fields in Dingxi 2017, 33 (24):  148-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070108 Abstract + ( 521 )   To explore weed species niche of different rotation field in Dingxi, Weed survey was conducted by the method of inverted W-sampling to investigate seedling stage weeds in different rotation field.The research studied the niche breadth and niche overlap of the main weeds species by Levins niche breadth index and Schoener niche overlap index , effects of different rotation on farmland weed niche. The results showed that, Sonchusoleraceus L. and Chenopodium album had larger niche breadth than other species, in absolute advantage position in the community, to harm of farmland is serious. The result will provide the scientific basis for weed control and reasonable rotation sequences.

  Resistance of Digitaria sanguinalis to Glyphosate in Cotton Fields of Anhui Province 2017, 33 (24):  154-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16070114 Abstract + ( 674 )   The objective is to clarify the resistance level of Digitaria sanguinalis collected from cotton fields to glyphosate in Anhui Province. The dish seed detection, the whole plant assays and the visual observation method were used to study the resistance levels of Digitaria sanguinalis to glyphosate in 9 areas like Chizhou City, Anqing City, Wuhu City, Chuzhou City, Bengbu City, Fuyang City and etc. in Anhui Province. The three detection methods showed that Digitaria sanguinalis populations from the collecting site of Haikou Town, Anqing City, had the highest resistance, with a resistance index of 3.23, 3.52 and 4.91, respectively. The dish seed detection and whole plant assays had the same resistance tendencies. However, the resistance levels obtained by using the visual observation method were slightly higher than the other two methods.

  Coordinated Development of Population Urbanization and Land Urbanization: A Case of Harbin in Heilongjiang Province 2017, 33 (24):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050036 Abstract + ( 669 )   Land and population are important parts of urbanization. It is meaningful for the sustainable development of cities to study the coordinated development of land urbanization and population urbanization. The author chooses Harbin as the study area. On the one hand, this paper analyzes the coordinated development of population urbanization and land urbanization in Harbin between 2005 and 2014 by using many ways such as factor analysis, coordination index model and so on. On the other hand, the index system for the coordination evaluation of land urbanization and population urbanization in the research area is constructed separately by the urbanization of population and land. The results are shown as follows: First of all, the urbanization index about population and land are on the rise, and the urban development is transformed from the backward type of land to the population. Secondly, the development state of population urbanization and land urbanization is transitioned from the disordered class to the transition class. Thirdly, it is of great significance to the healthy development of Harbin by deepening the reform of the household registration system, adjusting the industrial structure, using the land resources rationally and reasonable planning.