Contrastive Analysis of Stream Gradient Based on Multiscale DEM

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040014

Abstract

Abstract: The aim of this study is to calculate river gradient by DEM, analyze the influence of DEM resolution and threshold on gradient and extract the best resolution and optimal threshold. The ASTER GDEM and SRTM3 DEM of Yan River were selected, the drainage line was extracted by ArcGIS under the resolution of 60, 150, 200 and 300 m, and then the stream gradient was calculated. The results showed that the average stream gradient was 3.39‰, gradient was affected by DEM resolution and threshold. When the DEM resolution was less than 150 m, the gradient decreased with the increase of threshold; when the resolution was greater than 150 m, the gradient increased gradually. Therefore, the resolution of DEM should not exceed 150 m, when the resolution was 90 m, the results accorded with the physical situation of Yan River; when the resolution of DEM were 30, 60, 90, 150, 200 and 300 m, the optimal threshold were 65000, 60000, 30000, 70000, 40000 and 20000, respectively. The results calculated with 85% drainage line polyline information were close to the true value. In this study, the calculation and the analysis of stream gradient of Yan River are beneficial for the application of DEM in hydrology.

References

[1] 张丽,戴斌祥,王光谦,等.基于Tokunaga网络的河网形态特征量化[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学), 2009,39(10):1413-1420.
[2] 朱海玲,杨晓晖,张学培,等.基于DEM的密云水库上游流域特征提取与分析[J].中国水土保持科学, 2013,11(3): 66-72.
[3] 刘学军,卢华兴,卞璐,等.基于DEM的河网提取算法的比较[J].水利学报,2006,(9):1134-1141.
[4] 易红伟,汤国安,刘咏梅,等.河网径流节点及其基于DEM的自动提取[J].水土保持学报,2003,(3): 108-111.
[5] 孔凡哲,李莉莉.利用DEM提取河网时集水面积阈值的确定[J].水电能源科学,2005,(4):65-67.
[6] 宋晓猛,张建云,占车生,等.基于DEM的数字流域特征提取研究进展[J].地理科学进展,2013,(1):31-40.
[7] 林声盼,荆长伟,Moore Nathan,等.数字高程模型分辨率对流域地形特征参数的影响[J].水科学进展,2012,23(4):457-463.
[8] 马丽梅.黄土丘陵沟壑区不同空间尺度流域泥沙输移比的估算[D].陕西:西北农林科技大学,2011:75-77.
[9] Ró?ycka M,Jancewicz K,Migoń P.The influence of DEM resolution and contour interval on the results of semi-automatic calculation of Stream Length-gradient index [C]. State of Geomorphological Research in the Year,2016,63-64.
[10] Font M,Amorese D,Lagarde J L.DEM and GIS analysis of the stream gradient index to evaluate effects of tectonics: The Normandy intraplate area (NW France)[J].Geomorphology,2010,119(3): 172-180.
[11] 鲍伟佳,程先富,陈旭东. DEM水平分辨率对流域特征提取的影响分析[J].水土保持研究,2011,(2): 129-132.
[12] 刘金涛, 陆春雷. DEM分辨率对数字河网水系提取的影响趋势分析[J].中国农村水利水电,2009,( 3): 7-9.
[13] 赵洪壮, 李有利, 杨景春.北天山流域河长坡降指标与Hack剖面的新构造意义[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2010,(2):237-244.
[14] 吉亚鹏,高红山,潘保田,等.渭河上游流域河长坡降指标SL参数与Hack剖面的新构造意义[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2011,(4):1-6.
[15] 郭志学,苏扬中,彭清娥,等.堆积体对不同比降河流壅水影响研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版), 2012,44(5):13-18.
[16] 杨邦,任立良.集水面积阈值确定方法的比较研究[J].水电能源科学,2009,27(5):11-14.
[17] 吴普特,高建恩.黄土高原水土保持与雨水资源化[J].中国水土保持科学,2008,6(1):107-111.
[18] 李传哲,王浩,于福亮,等.延河流域水土保持对径流泥沙的影响[J].中国水土保持科学,2011,9(1): 1-8.
[19] 昌小莉,周扬,罗明良.基于ASTER GDEM的延河流域水系提取及面积高程积分研究[J].资源开发与市场,2014,30(12):1475-1477.
[20] 宋向阳,吴发启,赵龙山,等.基于DEM的延河流域水文特征提取与分析[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(4): 200-206.
[21] 肖强.延河[J].中国水利,1988,(12): 47-48.
[22] 康晓伟,冯钟葵.ASTER GDEM数据介绍与程序读取[J].遥感信息,2011,(6):69-72.
[23] Reuter H I,Nelson A,Jarvis A.An Evaluation of Void-Filling Interpolation Methods for SRTM Data[J].International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2007,21(9):983-1008.
[24] O'callaghan J F,Mark D M.The extraction of drainage networks from digital elevation data [J].Computer Vision Graphics Image Processing,1984,28(3):323-344.
[25] Horton R E.Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins, hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology[J].Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society,1945,56(3): 275--370.
[26] 雒文生.河流水文学[M].水利电力出版社,1992,19-20.
[27] 刘凡,陈波,史培军.DEM水平分辨率越高提取的河长越准确?[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2016,52(5):610-615.
[28] 易卫华,张建明,匡永生,等.水平分辨率对DEM流域特征提取的影响[J].地理与地理信息科学, 2007,23(2):34-38.
[29] 吴险峰,刘昌明,王中根.栅格DEM的水平分辨率对流域特征的影响分析[J].自然资源学报, 2003,18(2):148-154.
[30] 赵国松,杜耘,凌峰,等.ASTER GDEM与SRTM3高程差异影响因素分析[J].测绘科学,2012,37(4): 167-170.