Abstract: By GIS technology, the authors studied land use structure change and fractal dynamics in 66 years from 1950 to 2015 in Songhua River area. The results showed that: (1) land use types within the basin were mainly farmland, woodland, grassland and marshes, and the area of woodland, grassland and marsh showed a decreasing trend, sand and saline land area increased, and the dynamic degree was the biggest; (2) the fractal dimension of Songhua River basin gradually increased from 1.3605, and approached the critical value of 1.50 and the structural stability decreased. The stability of farmland, woodland, river, residential area and saline land were relatively good, and the stability of the natural vegetation type in grassland, lake, sand and marshland were poor and easily to be disturbed by the outside environment. Farmland, woodland, river, residential area, saline land and marshland showed a decreasing trend, while grassland, lake and sand land increased.