Abstract: Although China was a major aquaculture country, the aquaculture seed industry was underdevelopment compared to the majority developed countries. [Objective]In order to cope with new circumstances at home and abroad, it was urgent to strengthen the development of aquaculture seed industry, and further promote the transformation and upgrading of China’s fishery. [Method]Our study summarized the basic information of aquaculture seed industry in China from four aspects, including the legal and theoretical system, technical innovation and talent system, engineering construction and core demonstration system, status of industrial development and import and export. Secondly, the main problems were analyzed on the basis of five different aspects, i.e., top design, supported policy, innovation of science and technology, management subject, market environment. [Result]Finally, the policy paths of transformation and upgrading of national aquaculture seed industry was discussed and present, such as optimizing the top design, enriching the support strategy, changing the appraisal method, adhere to the people-oriented, strengthening the supervision on the market and etc, so as to provide valuable information for industrial development and related policy improvement.