Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.2 Published:23 January 2018

  Effect of Soil Types and Fertility on Root Morphology of‘Liaojing401’Seedling 蒋洪波,沈枫,吕桂兰,马秀芳,李睿,王昌华 and 李跃东 2018, 34 (2):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090091 Abstract + ( 806 )   To study the effects of different soil types and fertility on root morphology of rice seedling, the middle-late maturing variety‘Liaojing401’was used as material. Three soil types of loamy soil, clayey soil and sandy soil were selected. The effects of sixteen proportions of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on the morphological indexes of rice root were studied. The results showed that under the condition of clayey soil, the seedling root morphology was the best when nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer was 4, 2.5, 3.5 g/tray, respectively, which was beneficial to root growth and the contact of roots with nutrients, and could improve the nutrient utilization rate and the accumulation of biomass above the ground, thus to achieve the purpose of cultivating healthy seedlings.

  Effect of Flower Type Ratio on Yield Traits of Common Buckwheat 2018, 34 (2):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020018 Abstract + ( 858 )   There are two flower types including thrum and pin in buckwheat ,it’s ratio will be approximately 1 to 1 theoretically.the earlier stage research showed that the different varieties of buckwheat existed different ratios among the thrum and pin and different ratio would affect the yield of buckwheat dramatically.this trial used three different varieties introduced from inner Mongolia ,guizhou province and our institute as basic research materials . By setting up the different flower type ratio in which T:P is 1:9 ,2:8 ,3:7,4:6,5:5, 6:4,7:3,8:2,9:1 separately. This experiment was evaluated the seed set by the grain per plant and the weight per plant and discussed the relationship between flower types and seed setting. The result shows that three varieties express high seed setting when the flower type ratio is 4:6 or 6:4, the pin plant have better seed setting than thrum plant when the flower type ratio is near to 1:1. The seed setting would express much more better when this flower type is less in this treatment. it inferred that the buckwheat yield will be reduced when the thrum plant occupied over 80% in the group.

  Correlation Analysis of Harvest Index and Plant Traits of Hybrid Brassica napus 2018, 34 (2):  12-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030171 Abstract + ( 1070 )   The paper aims to study the correlation and regression relationship between the harvest index and plant traits. We determined harvest index, yield per plant, plant height, 1000-grain weight, seeds pod, the main inflorescence pod length, pods per plant, effective branch position, first branch number and the main inflorescence length of 649 new combinations of Brassica uapus . The harvest index of different new combinations varied significantly. The amplitude of variation was 0.1292-0.3358, and the average was 0.2247. The proportion of harvest index which was more than 0.30 only accounted for 0.31%. The harvest index showed highly significant correlation with yield per plant, grain number, number of silique per plant, first branch number, length of main inflorescence and plant height. The results of regression analysis showed that five traits including plant height, number of silique per plant, length of main inflorescence, 1000-grain weight and grain number had greater impact on the harvest index. Thus, we can improve grain number and 1000-grain weight of breeding materials by utilizing the correlation among the traits and selecting materials that have longer silique and main inflorescence. In addition, we can select materials which are relatively higher with longer main inflorescence and more branches to improve the number of silique per plant of the bred material, to breed a combination (or variety) with higher single plant yield eventually.

  Effect of Levulinic Acid on Leaf Vegetable Yield, Chlorophyll and Nitrate Nitrogen 陈占飞 and 同延安 2018, 34 (2):  18-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030181 Abstract + ( 992 )   Leaf lettuce and lettuce were used as materials, the effect of levulinic acid on leaf vegetables yield, chlorophyll and nitrate nitrogen were studied through foliar spraying different concentrations of levulinic acid. The results showed that levulinic acid had significant difference on leaf lettuce yield and had no significant difference on the yield of lettuce. Spraying the diluted 800 times levulinic acid was the most effective on leaf lettuce yield, and increased 6.46%. Spraying the diluted 600 times levulinic acid was the most effective on lettuce yield, and increased 3.33%. The order of chlorophyll content at different positions on leaf lettuce was leaf apex＞leaf middle＞leaf base. Chlorophyll content showed no significant difference on the same parts of leaf lettuce through spraying different concentrations of levulinic acid, but different parts of chlorophyll content all increased compared to the control group. And the same time, the leaf chlorophyll contents on leaf lettuce all increased compared to the control group through spraying different concentrations of levulinic acid. In addition, Spraying the diluted 600 times levulinic acid was the most effective on chlorophyll content on the leaf of lettuce, and increased 6.95%. Spraying levulinic acid could improve nitrate nitrogen concentration of leaf lettuce, and could reduce nitrate nitrogen concentration of lettuce.

  Effect of Compound Sodium Nitrophenolate and DA-6 on Carnation Growth 2018, 34 (2):  23-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120034 Abstract + ( 829 )   To study the effect of different plant growth regulators on carnation growth and quality of flower, the combined application of DA-6, compound sodium nitrophenolate and fertilizer to carnation was carried out to find suitable kinds and concentrations of plant growth regulators. The results showed that 0.03 g/L compound sodium nitrophenolate and 0.03 g/L DA-6 could promote plant height, leaf number, leaf fresh weight, root weight and root length. 0.09 g/L compound sodium nitrophenolate could promote stem fresh weight and stem diameter. 0.03 g/L the compound sodium nitrophenolate could improve shoot diameter. 0.06 g/L DA-6 could enhance ornamental characters such as petal number, flower size, petal length and petal width of carnation compared with the control, and it could improve the quality of flower.

  Investigation of Medicinal Plant Resources in Yongsheng County 2018, 34 (2):  28-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020056 Abstract + ( 715 )   To find out the basic situation of the wild resources of medicinal plants and the planting situation of traditional Chinese medicines in Yongsheng county, Yunnan Province, the study investigated the species, distributions and cultivated situation of resources of medicinal plants by field investigation, specimen collection and identification combined with the fourth national census of resource of traditional Chinese medicine. The results were that: 640 species of medicinal plants were found in Yongsheng county, and belonged to 454 genera and 139 families, of which including 2 species of 2 genera and 2 families of Algaes, 11 species of 9 genera and 8 families of Fungi, 1 species of 1 genera and 1 families of Bryophytes, 17 species of 13 genera and 10 families of Ferns, 4 species of 4 genera and 3 families of Gymnosperms, and 605 species of 425 genera and 115 families of Angiosperms. There were 9 Chinese medicinal varieties which were mainly extended in this county, included Carthamus tinctorius, Asparagus cochinchinensis, Aconitum carmichaeli, Dipsacus asper, Psammosilene tunicoides, Angelica sinensis, Bletilla striata, Gastrodia elata and Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, among them, the Carthamus tinctorius, Dipsacus asper, Gastrodia elata and Asparagus cochinchinensis were the four Chinese medicinal varieties which had largest cultivated area and highest yield respectively.

  Dynamic Analysis of Ecological Footprint of Arable Land in Linxia Prefecture During 2002—2015 冯进军 2018, 34 (2):  35-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020112 Abstract + ( 676 )   To study the sustainable development state of arable land resource in Linxia prefecture, the authors used the model of ecological footprint to dynamically analyze the ecological footprint of arable land in Linxia prefecture during 2002-2015. The results showed that per capita ecological footprint of arable land in Linxia prefecture increased from 0.2858 hm2 to 0.4753 hm2, which increased by 66.31% during 2002- 2015. Ecological capacity of per capita decreased from 0.2775 hm2 to 0.2431 hm2, which decreased by 12.40% during 2002-2015. Arable land in Linxia prefecture did not have ecological surplus, ecological deficit of per capita grew from 0.0083 hm2 to 0.2322 hm2, which increased by 26.98 times. Throughout the study time scale, the ecological deficit showed a rapid growth trend. The results showed that agricultural production of arable land resources in Linxia prefecture was beyond the scope of ecological capacity, coupled with the growth of population, the relation between people and arable land became more and more tense, resulting in growing instability of arable land ecosystem, and the use of arable land resources was in an unsustainable state. Finally, the authors put forward some recommendations accordingly.

  Evaluation Index System of Black Soil Protection in Northeast China 2018, 34 (2):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120050 Abstract + ( 846 )   Black soil area in Northeast China is an important grain production base, fertility decline and soil erosion appeared in recent years. Evaluation index system of black soil protection was established to evaluate and supervise the condition of black soil protection, to improve soil quality, protect farmland ecological environment and increase farmland output. Based on field investigations in the black soil area in Northeast China, the authors selected 14 first-class indexes and 15 second-class indexes to construct an evaluation index system, then used the analytic hierarchy process combined with expert opinions to determine the index weight and construct the comprehensive evaluation index model. The results showed that after selection and calculation, the first-class indexes of farmland fertility (weight 0.4700), farmland environment (weight 0.3093), farmland management (weight 0.1517), farmland output (weight 0.0690) and the second- class indexes of organic matter (weight 0.1773), thickness of black soil layer (weight 0.1590), total nitrogen (weight 0.0955), gully erosion area (weight 0.0777) farmland output (weight 0.0690) were used to evaluated the situation of improvement and deterioration of black soil, and establish the comprehensive evaluation index based on weights. Using this evaluation index system to evaluate the protection effect of the black soil area in Northeast China could provide a solid foundation for sustainable development of agriculture in Northeast China.

  Yield Potential and Yield-Increasing Techniques of Winter Wheat in Northern Winter Wheat Region: Research Progress Wang Yanqiang,,Bi Rutian,,Zhang Wuping,Jing Yaodong,,Wen Yuanyuan, and 2018, 34 (2):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020040 Abstract + ( 643 )   The aims are to analyze wheat yield potential in the northern winter wheat region of China, and to find out the limiting factors and explore the corresponding control techniques for improving wheat productivity. The yield and high yield record of winter wheat simulated by the native-area model was summarized. The differences between model simulation and high yield record were compared and analyzed. This study summarized the main reasons which limited yield gap reducing and the possible control techniques. It was concluded that the simulation results of the current model were lower than that of the high yield records because of the influence of the data collection year and the amount of data. Yield performance theory was an effective method for quantitative analysis of yield-gap causes. It was pointed out that the main reasons limiting yield gap reducing and control techniques in the northern winter wheat region of China. It is suggested that the improvement of wheat yield should be carried out in three aspects: determining yield gap, yield performance analysis and integrated technology.

  Combined Application of Biochar and Lime: Effect on Reducing Cadmium and Lead Accumulation in Rice 2018, 34 (2):  54-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120033 Abstract + ( 643 )   To understand the effect of combined application of biochar (BC) and lime (LM) on the accumulation of heavy metals in rice, we chose 2 kinds of soil (slight acid soil and acid soil) with different acidities as pot experimental soil for rice growth, to test the effects by the application of 6 different combined dosages of BC and LM( 6 treatments including 0.00%BC+0.00%LM, 0.40%BC+0.00%LM, 0.30%BC+0.10%LM, 0.20%BC+ 0.20%LM, 0.10%BC+0.30%LM, and 0.00%BC+0.40%LM) and analyzed accumulation of Cd and Pb in rice, and the available contents and chemical forms of Cd and Pb in soil. The results showed that: soil pH value increased with increasing proportion of lime under the same application mass of improvement agent; best combined dosages for reducing the accumulation of Cd and Pb in rice and soil available Cd and Pb was 0.20% BC+0.20% for the slight acid soil and 0.10%BC+0.30%LM for the acid soil; application of biochar was better for the maintenance of soil nutrients than the application of lime. Comprehensive consideration of the reduction of Cd and Pb accumulation in rice and the effect on soil improvement, combined application of biochar and lime is better than individual application of lime or biochar.

  Nitrogen Mineralization Characteristics of Different Organic Fertilizers in Ginger Planting 2018, 34 (2):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120035 Abstract + ( 738 )   A field experiment was conducted to study nitrogen mineralization characteristics by the application of fermented chicken manure, refined organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer. The results showed that nitrogen mineralization rates were slow before seedling emergence under the three organic manure treatments, but they were different in the late stage. Nitrogen mineralization rate of refined organic fertilizer was uniform from seedling stage to harvest, stage mineralization rate was 6%- 7% , the total amount of nitrogen mineralization was 27.02%; the total nitrogen mineralization rate of chicken manure was the highest of 30.48%, and the maximum value of stage mineralization rate was in the early stage of vigorous growing period of 11.39% ; the total nitrogen mineralization rate of bio- organic fertilizer was the lowest of 26.11% . The application of refined organic fertilizer increased ginger yield and reduced nitrate content, bio- organic fertilizer could improve the yield of ginger, but had no effect on nitrate content, fermented chicken manure increased both yield and nitrate content.

  Synergetic effect of Dazomet and biological fertilizer on celery root rot and soil microorganisms 2018, 34 (2):  65-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120007 Abstract + ( 1060 )   Synergetic application of dazomet and biological fertilizer were conducted to control celery root rot, and the control efficacy and the effect on soil rhizosphere microorganisms were studied. The results showed that the incidence of celery root rot of untreated soil was 29.03% after 60 days, the control efficiency of combined application of dazomet and biological fertilizer was 95.14%. After soil treatment, the variety and population of soil fungi and bacteria were significantly decreased compared with that of untreated soil, and with the prolonging of planting time, the number of soil microorganism increased to the level of untreated soil. The research suggested that dazomet could reduce celery root rot occurrence, its combined application with biological fertilizer could maintain soil microorganism structure and had important significance on the sustainable control of soil-borne disease.

  Polyhexamethylene Biguanidine Hydrochloride and Epoxiconazole: Joint Toxicity Against Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali 2018, 34 (2):  69-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090053 Abstract + ( 722 )   The paper aims to clarify the joint effect and optimum ratio of mixed Polyhexamethylene biguanidine hydrochloride (PHMB) and epoxiconazole on Alternaria alternata f. sp. mali. The authors tested the toxicity of mixed PHMB and epoxiconazole on A. alternata by mycelium growth rate method. The results showed that: EC 50 value of PHMB and epoxiconazole on A. alternata was 30.604 and 0.621 mg/L, respectively, when 7 different mixture ratios of PHMB and epoxiconazole were 10:1, 7:1, 4:1, 1:1, 1:4, 1:7 and 1:10, the synergistic coefficients were 1.41, 1.55, 1.59, 1.57, 1.09, 1.12 and 1.14, respectively; the indoor toxicity of epoxiconazole on A. alternata was more active than that of PHMB. When the mixture ratios of PHMB and epoxiconazole were 7:1, 4:1 and 1:1, the synergistic coefficients were all greater than 1.5, so the 3 ratios of ombination all had synergistic effects on A. alternata.

  Toxicity Determination of Different Fungicides on Alternaria panax 2018, 34 (2):  74-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120020 Abstract + ( 673 )   Alternaria panax Wheltz is the main leaf disease of Panax notoginseng (Burk.) F H Chen. The average incidence of Alternaria panax ranges from 20% to 35%, even up to 90% in some plantations. To screen the appropriate fungicide for field control, eleven fungicides, including thiram, flusilazle, difenoconazole, propiconazole, debuconazole, chlorothalonil, diniconazole, iprodione, mancozeb, carbendazim, and zoxamide, were selected to determine their toxicity to Alternaria panax with mycelium growth inhibitory method and spore germination inhibitory method. The results showed that EC50 of difenoconazole for pathogen hyphae was 0.004 mg/L, which was the minimum in all fungicides, indicating that difenoconazole was sensitive to Alternaria panax. Propiconazole, debuconazole, flusilazole and diniconazole had better inhibitory activity. Iprodione, chlorothalonil, thiram, zoxamide and mancozeb had worse inhibition activity, While carbendazim had the worst inhibitory activity with EC50 value over 800 mg/L. Spore germination inhibition results showed that mancozeb had the best inhibition activity with the minimum EC50 value of 0.0067 mg/L, while chlorathalonil and thiram had the second inhibition activity with EC50 value as 1.2855 mg/L and 5.2379 mg/L, respectively. Propiconazole, flusilazole, difenoconazole, and iprodione had normal inhibition activity with EC50 value ranged from 10.6469 mg/L to 25.0169 mg/L. Zoxamide and carbendazim had less inhibition activity with EC50 valueas 106.1958 mg/Land 199.9349 mg/L, respectively. EC50 value of debuconazole and diniconazole to Alternaria panax were 300 mg/L, and the inhibition activity was the worst.

  Detection Methods of Organic Heterocyclic Herbicides by Capillary Electrophoresis Technology 晏姣,,,, and 2018, 34 (2):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090086 Abstract + ( 692 )   Capillary electrophoresis (CE) has been widely used in the field of pesticide residues after several decades of continuous development and improvement. However, capillary electrophoresis detection of organic heterocyclic herbicides has not yet been studied. In this paper, CE determination methods of five organic heterocyclic herbicides (Simazine, Cyanazine, Simetryn, Prometryn and Terbutylazine) were established by screening CE detection parameters, 10 mmol/L borax was used as the running buffer, pH 9.5, 30 mmol/L sodium dodecyl sulfate and 7.5% methanol solution were used as the best separation medium; other conditions were injection pressure of 0.5 psi, injection time of 5 s, separation voltage of 15 kV, capillary column temperature of 25℃, detection wavelength of 221 nm. The efficient, fast and accurate detection of five kinds of organic heterocyclic herbicides could be achieved in one-time.

  Slaughter Performance and Organ Development of Shanbei White Cashmere Goat 2018, 34 (2):  84-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110108 Abstract + ( 572 )   The experiment was conducted to study the slaughter performance and organ development in different month-old Shanbei white cashmere goats, to provide a theoretic basis for evaluating meat productivity and clarifying the optimal month of slaughter. The wether at 6, 8, 10 and 12 months old under farmer feeding conditions were used for slaughter test. The results were as follows. (1) Dressing percentage and meat percentage of the 10-month-old wether was the highest. Some indexes increased with the month age except dressing percentage, meat percentage and visceral fat percentage. (2) Rumen weight of the 10- and 12-month old wethers was significantly higher than that of 6- and 8-month-old wethers (P<0.05), while other gastrointestinal tract weight had not significant difference (P>0.05). Ratio of gastrointestinal tract weight in alive weight at 6 months old was the highest. Ratio of rumen weight in complex stomach weight was the highest, next was abomasum, omasum percentage was the smallest, while there was no significant difference in different months old (P>0.05). (3) Internal organs weight increased with the month age, and there was significant difference in different months old (P<0.01; P<0.05). Ratio of kidney weight in alive weight at 10 and 12 months old was significantly smaller than 6 months old (P<0.05), while not in other indexes (P>0.05). In summary, the wether had fast growth and good meat productivity at 10 and 12 months. So we conclude that the wether at 10 months can enter the market.

  High Temperature Cutting Time: Effect on Regrowth of Non-dormancy Alfalfa 2018, 34 (2):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010024 Abstract + ( 853 )   The paper aims to study the growth of non-dormancy alfalfa under high temperature and the effect of high temperature cutting time on regrowth yield and quality of alfalfa. 3 non-dormancy alfalfa varieties were cut in early and middle August by two-factor randomized block design. The results showed that: the growth of 3 alfalfa varieties‘( WL656’,‘WL712’,‘WL903’) was good under high temperature, their plant height and fresh weight increased significantly; 3 alfalfa varieties after cutting under high temperature could normally grow, but the air temperature of the cutting day could affect the growth of regenerated alfalfa; the alfalfa regeneration rate with cutting on August 1 and 5 was significantly slower than that on August 10 and 15; the trend of regeneration rate was basically the same among the varieties; the cutting time and the varieties had significant or extremely significant impacts on crude protein content, acid washing fiber content and neutral detergent fiber content of alfalfa. In conclusion, ‘WL656’, ‘WL712’and‘WL903’are heat- resistant varieties with good yield and quality in summer.

  Houttuynia cordata Extract against Newcastle Disease Virus in SPF Chick Embryo 2018, 34 (2):  95-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080090 Abstract + ( 647 )   To study whether the traditional Chinese herb medicine Houttuynia cordata can inhibit the proliferation of Newcastle disease virus, we applied chick embryo culture and hemagglutination test. The experiment was divided into four groups, the embryos in group Ⅰ were inoculated with the allantoic fluid containing virus and H. cordata extract, those in group Ⅱ were inoculated with the allantoic fluid containing virus and amantadine hydrochloride, those in group Ⅲ were inoculated with the allantoic fluid containing virus and normal saline mixture, and those in group Ⅳ were not inoculated with virus or drug. The results showed that the titer of group Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and Ⅳ was 0, 5 log2, 9 log2, and 0, respectively, indicating that H. cordata extract had no toxic effect on chick embryo, and could completely inhibit the proliferation of Newcastle disease virus in chick embryo.

  Benefit Post-evaluation of Land Consolidation Project Based on System Dynamics 2018, 34 (2):  98-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090148 Abstract + ( 818 )   Land consolidation with a single target of new cultivated land is difficult to meet requirements of comprehensive remediation phase. To further improve the theory, content and method of benefit evaluation of land consolidation project, the authors took the land consolidation project in Machang Town of Cangzhou, Hebei as the research object, based on the principle of system dynamics, constructed the dynamic model of land consolidation system with software platform by Vensim. The results showed that the relative error of historical data and simulation data were controlled within 5%; the index of food production, per capita income, employment number, public satisfaction and other indicators in the study area would have a trend of steady improvement over the next ten years, however, the landscape diversity and biodiversity would decrease for a long time. The simulation results showed that the system dynamics model passed the test of validity and stability on the structure and function, which could effectively predict the development trend of various benefit indexes in the medium and long term. After the implementation of land consolidation project in the research area, the economic and social benefits were significant and the ecological environment was improved, but there existed inevitably negative impacts on ecological indicators such as biodiversity and landscape diversity.

  Comparison of Antioxidative Activity in Vitro Among Six Kinds of Tea Made from the Same Raw Material 彭影琦 and 2018, 34 (2):  107-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120045 Abstract + ( 797 )   The antioxidative activity in vitro among six kinds of tea and fixed sample with the same dried tea quality made from one bud and two leaves of BiXiangZao in spring were compared in order to provide scientific reference to the developing of new tea products and healthy consumption. The results showed that reducing power and the capacity of removing DPPH free radical、Nitrate free radical、OH free radical and Superoxide anion radical of all samples increased with infusion concentration increasing. The IC50 of Fixed sample、Green tea、Yellow tea、Dark tea、Oolong tea、White tea and Black tea to DPPH. were 0.017、0.019、0.019、0.020、0.021、0.022 and 0.038mg tea extract /ml; The IC50 of Green tea 、Fixed sample、Oolong tea、Dark tea、White tea、Yellow tea and Black tea to .OH were 1.438、1.695、2.988、4.163、4.606、4.881 and 6.847mg tea extract /ml; The IC50 of Fixed sample、

  Aroma Components of Raw Materials Tea in Lincang: A Comparative Study Based on Electronic Nose and GC-MS Technology 杨如兵 and 2018, 34 (2):  113-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090114 Abstract + ( 772 )   The paper aims to analyze the contents of aroma components of Pu-erh raw materials tea in Lincang, Yunnan by different analysis methods, and compare the measured aroma components, to provide a theoretical basis for the analysis of the aroma components of Pu-erh raw materials tea. The authors analyzed the contents of aroma components of 16 Pu-erh raw materials tea samples from different regions of Lincang by electronic nose and GC-MS. The results of GC-MS showed that: the categories of alcohols and alkenes were higher in aroma compositions; the contents of alcohols compounds were the highest, then were the heterocyclic compounds; however, the categories of nitrogenoxide, aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and acids were the least; the contents of nitrogenoxide, aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols and acids were lower. The results of electronic nose showed that: the tea samples of LC-11 and LC-15 had significant differences compared with other tea samples; the results of GC- MS showed that the LC- 11, LC- 15 and LC- 10 had significant differences compared with other tea samples; the aroma components in LC- 11 were the most, 53 kinds of aroma components were detected (86.86%), and the contents of heterocyclic were higher than that of other samples; while the aromatic components detected in LC-15 were the least (59.05%), and the contents of alcohols were the least; the results of cluster analysis showed that: LC-10 and LC-15 were significantly different from other tea samples. The study identified that: the combination of electronic nose and GC-MS method could be used to analyze and distinguish the aromatic components of volatile aromatic substances and their differences in the Pu-erh raw materials tea effectively.

  Aquaculture Pollution Discharge Measurement and Status Analysis Based on Statistical Yield 2018, 34 (2):  123-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010042 Abstract + ( 658 )   To provide scientific reference for illuminating the pollution status of aquaculture in China, based on the existed pollution discharging coefficients and breeding yield of 2014, we calculated and analyzed the total discharge amount of major aquacultural pollutants.Due to the lack of correlation data, this paper chooses the year of 2014 as the year of measurement. The results showed that the main pollution discharge amount of total nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand (COD), copper and zinc in aquaculture in 2014 was 68.342 × 104, 16.660 × 104, 13.769 × 104, 164.154 × 104, 253.746 and 729.842 t, respectively. COD and NH3- N accounted for about 7% of the total wastewater amount in China.. Due to differences in yield, breeding way and variety, pollutant discharge amount from freshwater aquaculture was much higher than that of marine aquaculture. In addition, to promote the sustainable development of aquaculture in China, we put forward suggestions such as controlling freshwater aquaculture production, adjusting breeding way, developing healthy and ecological breeding technology and promoting research on related systems.

  Policy Paths for Transformation and Upgrading of National Aquaculture Seed Industry 夏斌 and 2018, 34 (2):  130-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060137 Abstract + ( 556 )   Although China was a major aquaculture country, the aquaculture seed industry was underdevelopment compared to the majority developed countries. [Objective]In order to cope with new circumstances at home and abroad, it was urgent to strengthen the development of aquaculture seed industry, and further promote the transformation and upgrading of China’s fishery. [Method]Our study summarized the basic information of aquaculture seed industry in China from four aspects, including the legal and theoretical system, technical innovation and talent system, engineering construction and core demonstration system, status of industrial development and import and export. Secondly, the main problems were analyzed on the basis of five different aspects, i.e., top design, supported policy, innovation of science and technology, management subject, market environment. [Result]Finally, the policy paths of transformation and upgrading of national aquaculture seed industry was discussed and present, such as optimizing the top design, enriching the support strategy, changing the appraisal method, adhere to the people-oriented, strengthening the supervision on the market and etc, so as to provide valuable information for industrial development and related policy improvement.

  Effect of Feed Protein Levels on Growth Performance and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Juvenile Acrossocheilius hemispinus 2018, 34 (2):  136-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090056 Abstract + ( 717 )   To determine the protein requirement amount of juvenileAcrossocheilius hemispinus , fishmeal and soybean meal were used as protein source, fish oil, soybean oil,α -starch, cellulose and appropriate amount of vitamins and minerals were added into test feed. JuvenileA. Hemispinus [average weight (12.51±0.15) g] were raised for 56 days with feed protein level of 26%, 30%, 34%, 38%, 42% and 46%, the effects of different protein levels on the growth and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile A. hemispinus were analyzed by comparing weight gain, feed coefficient and intestinal digestive enzyme activities. The results showed that the maximal weight gain rate was observed in 42P group, and then was in 38P group, the difference between the two was not significant (P >0.05), the minimal weight gain rate was observed in 26P group. The feed coefficient first decreased then rose with the increase of protein level, the lowest group was 42P and then was 38P, but the difference was not significant (P >0.05). The activities of trypsin in the intestine showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing with the increase of protein level in the feed, the highest group was 38P and the difference was significant (P <0.05) from other groups. To sum up, the appropriate feed protein level for juvenile A. hemispinus is 38%.

  Hazard and Elimination Techniques of Heavy Metals in Fishery Water of China 2018, 34 (2):  141-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110160 Abstract + ( 689 )   In order to study the elimination technology of heavy metals in fishery water, the sources of heavy metal pollution were reviewed, mainly from industrial development, agricultural pesticides and fertilizer, and urbanization. The harm of fishery water pollution, which has a certain destructive effect on aquatic ecosystem and risks on quality of aquatic products and human life, was elucidated. Currently, there are mainly three ways for eliminating water heavy metals, including physical, chemical and microbiological ways. The combined utilization of plants, microorganisms and chemical materials could be the new direction for heavy mental elimination. Finally we pointed out the shortages of the related studies, such as the final treatment of heavy metals, which should be further studied.

  Research Progress of the Integrated Farming of Rice and Fish 2018, 34 (2):  146-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020036 Abstract + ( 811 )   Integrated Farming of Rice and Fish (IFRF) has the ability to change the agricultural production pattern from mono-farming model to the co-farming model, and the stereoscopic and integrated farming system that the IFRF has established has the ability to change the flat production to the stereoscopic production. Therefore, IFRF is the important development direction of changing way and adjusting structure for agriculture. In order to furtherly promote the development of the research on the IFRF and its application and dissemination, the general development situation of IFRF in China was reviewed; the effect of IFRF on increasing farmers'' income and enhancing agricultural efficiency was illuminated, and the technologies matched with IFRF, such as rice field engineering technology, safe plant protection technology, security fertilization technology, fish disease prevention and control technology and water quality management technology, were also illuminated simultaneously. Furthermore, the supporting role of IFRF for agriculture was reviewed, the application perspective of IFRF was looked into, and the important research direction of IFRF was also pointed out simultaneously.

  Optimization of Rubber Production Incentive System in Hainan State Farms 2018, 34 (2):  153-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080117 Abstract + ( 722 )   Based on the status of rubber production incentive system of Hainan Rubber Group, we construct the principal- agent model by the parameterized distribution formulation to explore the optimization of agricultural production management system in Hainan state farm. The research shows that the rubber production management system needs to be optimized. On this basis, we put forward suggestions for optimizing the incentive system of rubber production, improving the wage scheme, setting up the basic wage, reducing the share of turn in, optimizing the interests of company and workers, thus to ensure the income stability of workers.

  Urbanization and Employment Structure Change in Jinchang: Quantitative Analysis 2018, 34 (2):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090162 Abstract + ( 546 )   Using the OLS regression model, Granger causality test, impulse response function, this paper analyzed the relationship between urbanization level and employment structure in Jinchang, Gansu based on the economic statistical data from 1981 to 2015. The results show that: (1) the process of urbanization and employment structure of the three industries have three phases: the primary stage of development; the fluctuation development stage and the rapid development stage; (2) the urbanization level of Jinchang has positive pulse relationship with the urbanization development structure of the tertiary industry, however, it has negative pulse relationship with the employment structure of the primary and the secondary industries; (3) the urbanization development of Jinchang is in the rapid development stage, and the employment structure is dominated by the secondary and the tertiary industries.