Abstract: To find out the basic situation of the wild resources of medicinal plants and the planting situation of traditional Chinese medicines in Yongsheng county, Yunnan Province, the study investigated the species, distributions and cultivated situation of resources of medicinal plants by field investigation, specimen collection and identification combined with the fourth national census of resource of traditional Chinese medicine. The results were that: 640 species of medicinal plants were found in Yongsheng county, and belonged to 454 genera and 139 families, of which including 2 species of 2 genera and 2 families of Algaes, 11 species of 9 genera and 8 families of Fungi, 1 species of 1 genera and 1 families of Bryophytes, 17 species of 13 genera and 10 families of Ferns, 4 species of 4 genera and 3 families of Gymnosperms, and 605 species of 425 genera and 115 families of Angiosperms. There were 9 Chinese medicinal varieties which were mainly extended in this county, included Carthamus tinctorius, Asparagus cochinchinensis, Aconitum carmichaeli, Dipsacus asper, Psammosilene tunicoides, Angelica sinensis, Bletilla striata, Gastrodia elata and Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, among them, the Carthamus tinctorius, Dipsacus asper, Gastrodia elata and Asparagus cochinchinensis were the four Chinese medicinal varieties which had largest cultivated area and highest yield respectively.