Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.1 Published:12 January 2018

  LAI of Single Cropping Rice: The Variation Characteristics and Its Relationship with Meteorological Condition 2018, 34 (1):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080001 Abstract + ( 1485 )   To provide a theoretical reference for the development of yield prediction of single cropping rice and improve the ability of meteorological services for grain production, based on the data of field experiment and meteorological observation data in Huzhou of Zhejiang, the authors analyzed the characteristics of LAI for single cropping late Japonica Rice (type c-9904) and its relationship with meteorological conditions, by comparative analysis and regression analysis method. The results showed that: (1) Combined with the observation data of leaf area meter，the correction coefficient for measuring leaf area by length width method was 0.70, which was 0.13 smaller than that in “agricultural meteorological observation standard”; (2) The change characteristics of LAI was in line with the process of rice growth, before booting, LAI increased with “S” curve tendency, and then, it decreased gradually; (3) The condition of high temperature and sufficient sunlight was propitious to the rapid growth of LAI, while the shortage of sunlight would slow down its growth; (4) Heavy rains led LAI to increase slowly, rainy days would led LAI to change slowly, however, sunny days would contribute to its rapid growth.

  The Application of Aegilops kotschyi in Wheat Breeding 2018, 34 (1):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120026 Abstract + ( 1231 )   In order to transfer the fine properties of Aegilops kotschyi into wheat, F1 generation of hybrid (Aegilops kotschyi/CS) was crossed with common wheat and then self-crossed in this study, and 42 individuals of F4 and 42 lines of F5 were obtained respectively. Analyses revealed the following results: (i) F5 strains showed similar morphology to common wheat, the tiller number and stripe resistance and the thousand kernel weight has improved significantly in some excellent ones which could be used in wheat breeding. (ii) The chromosome numbers of seven individuals were different from common wheat in all the analyzed 12 F4 plants, and an unstable chromosome structure variation was found in one of them, which indicated cytological instability existed in some plants and more work in homozygosis and identification would be done in the future. (ⅲ) HMW-GS expressed similar with the common wheat except mutant J7-4 and the effects of quality and the mechanism of the variation needed further research. In this study, a batch of excellent materials were devised for wheat breeding.

  Plant Density and Nitrogen Amount Affecting the Yield of Maize‘( Yidan52’and‘Yidan81’) 2018, 34 (1):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110079 Abstract + ( 1345 )   The aim is to provide a basis for maize cultivation and the analysis and evaluation of test data in west Inner Mongolia. Maize varieties‘Yidan 52’and‘Yidan 81’were taken as materials in a field experiment. The changes of yield, leaf area index and dry matter were studied under three nitrogen fertilizer levels and five density levels, by GGE-biplot analysis. The results showed that under A2 nitrogen level, the leaf area index of‘Yidan 52’was higher than that of A1 and A3, and the dry matter accumulation of‘Yidan 52’and‘Yidan 81’was the highest. The GGE-biplot of‘Yidan 52’and‘Yidan 81’under the five density and three fertilizer levels showed 82.3% and 70.7% of the true information of each treatment in yield, leaf area index and population dry matter weight.

  Effect of Funneliformis mosseae on Community Structure of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi of Soybean Root at Seedling Stage in Continuous Cropping Soil 2018, 34 (1):  18-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110058 Abstract + ( 1691 )   Continuous cropping of soybean (Glycine max) in north China is an increasingly prominent problem and attracting widespread attention. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are applied in continuous cropping soil in order to reduce continuous cropping obstacles. In this study, Nested-PCR-DGGE technology was used to analyze the effect of Funneliformis mosseae on community structure of AMF in three different continuous cropping soils for three soybean varieties at seedling stage. The results indicated that the infection rate of AMF was the highest in the same soybean variety with two continuous cropping years after inoculating F. mosseae. The colonization rate of AMF was the maximum in KF16 in the same continuous cropping year. There were Glomus viscosum and Uncultured Glomus in the soybean varieties’roots at different continuous cropping years. The abundance value and Shannon-Wiener index of AMF of soybean roots with two continuous cropping years were higher than those with zero continuous cropping year and one continuous cropping year. It revealed that F. mosseae significantly influenced the community structure of AMF in different soybean varieties’roots of one continuous cropping year and two continuous cropping years at seedling stage.

  Effect of Seedling Number on Group Structure and Economic Characteristics of‘Wen Yi No.2’ 2018, 34 (1):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110051 Abstract + ( 955 )   The authors studied the effect of seedling number on group structure and economic characteristics of ‘Wen Yi No.2’to explore the optimum number of seedling. The indexes of group structure and economic characteristics were measured by the methods of field investigation and indoor weighing. The results showed that the effect of seedling number on tiller number, branch number, effective branch number, effective panicle number per plant was significant, which decreased with the increase of seedling number; total grain number, filled grain number and grain weight per plant decreased with the increase of seedling number; the earbearing tiller percentage of‘Wen Yi No.2’was 88.48% when the seedling number was 6 plant/pond, and the thousand-grain weight was 107.24 g, the yield was 5363.33 kg/hm2, the performance was better than other treatments. Different seedling numbers had significant effects on group structure and economic characteristics of‘Wen Yi No.2’, and 6 plant/pond was the best seedling number.

  Effects of Biochar and Organic Fertilizer Application on Yield of Artemisia selengensis and Soil Properties 马宏卫,,陈文超, and 2018, 34 (1):  32-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110131 Abstract + ( 625 )   A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of biochar and organic fertilizer application on Artemisia selengensis yield and soil properties in Baguazhou street, Nanjing. Five treatments were set in this experiment: (1) control (CK); (2) 22.5 t/hm2 biochar (CB); (3) 22.5 t/hm2 organic fertilizer (CM); (4) 22.5 t/hm2 biochar + 22.5 t/hm2 organic fertilizer (CBM); (5) 11.25 t/hm2 biochar + 11.25 t/hm2 organic fertilizer (CBM1/2). Results showed that biochar or organic fertilizer application alone had no obvious effect on the biomass, yield and root biomass of Artemisia selengensis. Biochar application alone (CB) increased the concentration of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium by 32%, 7% 16% and 80% compared with that of CK, respectively; while it had no effect on soil pH value and electrical conductivity. Compared with CK, the application of organic fertilizer increased soil total nitrogen and available phosphorus by 12% and 16%; while it had no effect on soil pH value, soil organic carbon, available potassium and CEC. The combined application of biochar and organic fertilizer(CBM) increased soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and available potassium. When the application amount of biochar and organic fertilizer reduced to a half (CBM1/2), soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available potassium and available potassium also increased significantly. Despite soil fertility increased greatly, the application of biochar and organic fertilizer had no effect on the, biomass, yield and root biomass of Artemisia selengensis. Our results suggested that soil fertility was not the main factor that regulating Artemisia selengensis production in the study area.

  Effect of Postponing N Application on Nitrogen Uptake, Utilization and Leaf Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco 2018, 34 (1):  36-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110069 Abstract + ( 613 )   To clarify the effect of nitrogen fertilizer topdressing ratio on nitrogen uptake, utilization, chemical components and sensor quality of flue-cured tobacco, a field experiment of different basal-topdressing ratios was conducted on cultivar‘NC55’by using 15N tracer technique. The results showed that improving the topdressing ratio decreased the basal fertilizer nitrogen uptake amount of different organs and total plant, but increased the topdressing fertilizer nitrogen amount. The treatment with 50% nitrogen topdressing had the highest fertilizer nitrogen uptake amount. With the improving of topdressing ratio, the soil nitrogen uptake amount increased firstly, and then reduced. The soil nitrogen uptake amount of stem, leaf and total plant decreased significantly when the topdressing ratio exceeded 30%. With the improving of topdressing ratio, the basal fertilizer-N use efficiency increased, but that of topdressing decreased, and the whole fertilizer-N use efficiency increased firstly, then reduced, and the highest fertilizer-N use efficiency was achieved with 50% nitrogen topdressing. The leaf sensory quality improved with the increasing of topdressing ratio until up to 50%, and it became worse if the ratio exceeded 50%. Under the field fertility of this experiment, 50% nitrogen top dressed was the optimal treatment taking account of nitrogen utilization and quality. The finding provided a scientific basis for rational application of nitrogen fertilizer of flue-cured tobacco.

  Carthamus tinctorius L.: Evaluation on Correlations of Hydroxysafflor with Flower Color and the Difference Among Cultivars 2018, 34 (1):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110064 Abstract + ( 589 )   The difference of hydroxysafflor in 80 safflower cultivars and its correlations with flower color were investigated, to evaluate the difference of HSYA and flower color in different safflower cultivars. 80 safflower cultivars were used as the test materials, and HSYA and flower color were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and HunterLab EasyMatch? QC4.41. The results showed that HSYA was significantly different among the 80 safflower cultivars, ranging from 0.05 to 14.99 mg/g, and the highest one was about 288 times higher than that of the lowest, and the average value of HSYA was 11.36 mg/g and HSYA of 43 tested safflower cultivars was higher than the average value. HSYA was significantly different among different geographical origins, HSYA of Africa cultivars was higher than that of Asia and Europe cultivars; HSYA of China cultivars was higher than that of Turkey, India and Kenya cultivars. Four types of flower colors were determined among the 80 safflower cultivars, the L value of red, orange, yellow and white cultivars was 50.99, 36.22, 33.51 and 33.13, respectively, the a value was 6.37, 21.32, 26.80 and 27.66, respectively, and the b value was 50.99, 21.32, 33.80 and 32.65, respectively. Significantly positive correlation was detected between flower color and L, a and b value in different safflower cultivars; HSYA of orange and yellow cultivars was significantly and positively correlated with a, hue and shade; HSYA of red cultivars was significantly and positively correlated with a, b and shade, which indicated that the higher the a value, the redder the color, and the higher the b value, the more orange the color.

  Resistance of Six Sugarcane Materials to Borers 2018, 34 (1):  46-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110083 Abstract + ( 741 )   To study the resistance of different sugarcane germplasm resources to borers, the resistance of six different sugarcane materials to borers was compared by the method of natural infection by stem borer. The results showed that, at the tillering stage, the resistance to borers was strong in‘ROC22’,‘ROC1626’, ‘HD32’and‘HD1’, while that of‘HG1’was the weakest. In the mature stage, the resistance of‘HD32’, ‘ROC22’,‘HD1’and‘ROC8029’was strong, and the resistance of‘HG1’was the weakest. In accordance with the grading standards of sugar cane borer,‘ROC1626’in the early stages of growth showed level 3 of ‘MR’, but at mature stage showed a level 5‘S’.‘ROC22’in the early stages showed level 3 of‘MR’, while in the mature stage showed a‘MS’of level 4. But the‘HD1’maintained‘MS’of level 4. Thus, different sugarcane materials showed different degrees of resistance to the infection of borers at different growth and development stages. And the same sugarcane material in different growth periods had different resistance to borers’

  Xerophyte Ammopiptanthus monglicus: Callus Induction Method Research 2018, 34 (1):  51-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110116 Abstract + ( 721 )   Ammopiptanthus monglicus is an evergreen broadleaf shrub in arid and desert region of north China, and it is also an endangered relic shrub containing excellent gene resource for its adaptation in harsh environment. In this study, the seeds of A. monglicus were germinated in the petri dish containing 1/2 MS solid medium. Then these sterile seedlings were transplanted in a new culture bottle which could provide enough growth space. As some of the lateral roots were adhesion on the medium surface, that would lately induce the formation of hairy lateral root which could be used as young explant for callus induction on CDB1(MS+ 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D+ 0.1 mg/L 6-BA, pH 5.8) medium and callus propagation on CDB6 (MS+ 0.2 mg/L IBA+ 0.1 mg/L KT+ 0.5 mg/L GA3, pH 5.8) medium. Meanwhile, the callus on CDB6 medium could also induce adventitious roots. In addition, the A. monglicus showed characteristics of axillary bud growth and the seedlings of A. monglicus growing in RA (1/2MS+ 0.5 mg/L IBA, pH 5.8) medium could induce the formation of adventitious roots. In conclusion, these results provide some information on the potential of asexual reproduction of A. monglicus and its tissue culture, which could be used for protection and utilization of A. monglicus germplasm.

  Effects of 60Coγ-rays Irradiation on Agronomic Characters and Leaf Traits of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) 2018, 34 (1):  56-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080078 Abstract + ( 639 )   To investigate the influences of 60Coγ-rays irradiation on mutagenic effect of garlic（Allium sativum L.），with dormant white garlic and germinal purple garlic as test materials, using 0-40Gy 60Coγ-rays irradiation treatment, the effects of irradiation does on agronomic characters, leaf epidermis stomatal and cell morphology were studied. The results indicated that 20Gy does could completely inhabit germination of garlic. The radiation tolerance of dormant white garlic was stronger than germinal purple garlic, while agronomic traits were good performance under the same radiation does. In the following phenomena: plant dwarfed, pseudo-stem shortened, leaf number and leaf area declined, width and length of epidermal cells showed a trend of smaller with the increase of radiation does. Therefore, it could be concluded that germinal purple garlic was more sensitive to radiation, and the suitable dosage of irradiation for Allium sativum was less than 10 Gy.

  Effects of Rhizosphere High Temperature on Growth, Photosynthesis and Biochemical Indexes of Grafted Cucumber Seedlings on Different Rootstocks 2018, 34 (1):  61-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110114 Abstract + ( 737 )   This study aims at improving cucumber heat tolerance through grafting. By hydroponic cultivation, the authors took Cucurbita ficifolia, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita maxima × Cucurbita moschata‘Yongzhen No.8’, Luffa cylindrica‘Wuyexiang’and Momordica charantin‘Aomei’as rootstocks, and Cucumis sativus ‘Chunqiuwang‘No.2’as scion, to analyze the change of growth, photosynthesis and biochemical indexes of cucumber seedlings treated by normal temperature (25℃) and high temperature (35℃) in rhizosphere for 5 d and recovered for 5 d. The results showed that grafted cucumber seedlings on different rootstocks had different plant height, stem diameter, blade number and leaf area under high temperature stress in rhizosphere, the increment of grafted seedling of Luffa cylindrica‘Wuyexiang’was the largest, and its leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), antioxidant enzyme activity and proline content were significantly higher than other kinds of grafting seedlings, at the same time, its malondialdehyde (MDA) content was the lowest. It is suggested that Luffa cylindrica‘Wuyexiang’taken as rootstock for grafting cucumber could improve the tolerance of rhizosphere high temperature, and provide a theoretical basis for studying cucumber heat resistance.

  Morphological Characteristics and A Few Physiological Indices of Diploid and Tetraploid Grape Cultivars: A Comparative Study 2018, 34 (1):  68-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070053 Abstract + ( 1199 )   In order to provide the theoretical basis and scientific reference value for grape ploidy breeding, the physiological and biochemical indexes of different varieties of diploid and tetraploid were determined. The results showed that (1) The tetraploid of different grape varieties showed a great characteristic with the diploid in botanical characteristics. (2) The tetraploid content of proanthocyanidins in leaves of different grape varieties was higher than that of diploid; (3) T The tetraploid of chlorophyll content in leaves of different grape varieties was higher than that of diploid; (4) The content of MDA in leaves of different grape varieties was very low. (5) The tetraploid of POD and CAT in leaves of different grape varieties was higher than that of diploid.

  Cracking Characteristics of Zizyphus jujuba‘Lingwuchangzao’ 2018, 34 (1):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110098 Abstract + ( 609 )   A study on fruit-cracking characteristics of Zizyphus jujube‘Lingwuchangzao’is made to provide a theoretical support for its production practice. We collected a batch of 10- year Zizyphus jujube ‘Lingwuchangzao’from the field and adopted the fruit soaking method to measure water absorption, water absorption rate, fruit cracking rate, cracking index for the fruits with different pigmentation degrees and sizes. The results showed that with the soaking time extended, the water absorption and water absorption rate tended to decline, while the fruit cracking rate and cracking index showed a rising trend. The total water absorption, fruit cracking rate and cracking index of the totally red jujubes was higher than the 75% ones’, while the totally red jujubes cracked severely, whose cracking index was 1.49 times of the 75% ones’. Among the four size classes of Zizyphus jujube‘Lingwuchangzao’, the ranking of the total water absorption was the first-class, the second-class, the third-class, and the fourth-class. In addition, the cracking rates of the third-class and the fourth-class jujubes were higher than that of the first-class and second-class jujubes’, while the firstclass jujubes’ cracking index was the highest, which was 0.664. Viewing from the experiment data, fruit cracking and water absorption were closely related, and the first 24 h was the critical period for water absorption. In additional, the totally red fruits’water absorption and fruit cracking rate were very considerable.

  Rejuvenation and Recycling of Degraded Tulipa Gesneriana Bulbs in Zhaosu Area of Xinjiang 2018, 34 (1):  81-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110080 Abstract + ( 665 )   To examine the rejuvenation of degraded Tulip bulb, the authors rejuvenated the degraded bulbs of different ages under different management measures, utilizing the appropriate geographical advantage of Zhaosu area. After 1 year of cultivation and rejuvenation, the bulbs age was upgraded from class 2 to class 3, the growth rate was 8.73%-42.29%, and the number of bulblet was 2-3 times as much as before. The results showed that, the climate and soil of Zhaosu were very suitable for the growth and rejuvenation of Tulip, and it was an ideal area for recycle of the degraded Tulip bulbs and for regional industrial cultivation. After different treatments, the Tulip bulbs could be rejuvenated and even could be up to the requirement of the commodity ball circumference. The two treatments had little difference, both could obtain good rejuvenation effect, and 1 to 2 years rejuvenation could meet the requirements of commodity ball.

  Effect of Storage Conditions on Seed Germination of Four Food and Medicinal Plant Species 2018, 34 (1):  85-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090010 Abstract + ( 678 )   To better understand the seed germination characteristics and the method of breaking-dormancy and provide some basic information for cultivation, germination characteristics of Scoparia dulcis, Plantago asiatica, Talinum paniculatum and Eclipta prostrata from eastern Guangdong were examined after being dry stored at room temperature, wet stored at 15℃, 4℃ and 0℃ for 30 d. The results showed that the viable ability of fresh seeds of the four species were more than 96%, the germination rate of T. paniculatum and E. prostrata seeds was 94% and 98%, respectively, whereas that of S. dulcis and P. asiatica was less than 30%. Seeds of S. dulcis after being dry stored at room temperature (25℃, 70.67%; 25/15℃, 26%) and wet stored at 15℃ (25℃, 82%; 25℃/15℃, 31.33%) had a higher germination rate than fresh seeds (24%-26%), wet stored at 4℃ (0.67%- 12% ) and 0℃ (0%- 8% ). Seeds of P. asiatica after being wet stored at 4℃ (34% ) had a higher germination rate than fresh seeds (29%), dry stored at room temperature(16.7%-18.7%), wet stored at 15℃ (11.3%- 13.3% ) and frozen 0℃ (0%- 0.6% ). Seeds of S. dulcis and P. asiatica with a certain degree of dormancy have low germination rate, whereas seeds of T. paniculatum and E.prostrata are non-dormant. Dry storage at room temperature and warm stratification at 15℃ for S. dulcis, and cold stratification (4℃) for P. asiatica can be an efficient method to break dormancy and promote germination.

  Relationship Between 4 Carbon Metabolism Enzymes and Organic Carbon, pH Value Under Different Vegetation in Liaohe Estuary Tidal Flat Wetland 2018, 34 (1):  90-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080121 Abstract + ( 823 )   The activity of soil carbon metabolism enzymes has an effect on organic matter degradation and the production of humic substances, as well as an impact on soil carbon source-sink. The authors studied the relationship between four enzymes (sucrase, catalase, dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase) and organic carbon (TOC) and pH value, by collecting soil in Liaohe estuary coastal wetland in July, September and November of 2012. The results showed that the activity of sucrase in soil covered by Suaeda heteroptera was in the order of July＞ September＞ November, while that covered with Phragmites australis, S. heteroptera + P. australis and P. australis + Sonchus arvensis + Artemisia argyi was September＞ July＞ November. The order of catalase activity in soil covered with S. heteroptera, P. australis, S. heteroptera + P. australis and P. australis + S. arvensis + A. argyi was September＞ November＞ July. The order of dehydrogenase activity in soil covered with S. heteroptera, P. australis and S. heteroptera + P. australis was July＞ September＞ November, while, that in soil covered with P. australis + S. arvensis + A. argyi was July＞ November＞ September. The order of polyphenol oxidase activity in the soil under all the plant communities was July＞ September＞ November. The activities of sucrase, catalase, dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase were not significantly correlated with soil organic carbon and soil pH (P＞0.05), except that sucrase activity was significantly and positively correlated with soil organic carbon (R2=0.38, P=0.033, n=12).

  Concentrations of Bacillus subtilis Affecting Rapid Composting of Slaughtering Waste at High Temperature 2018, 34 (1):  98-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090049 Abstract + ( 709 )   The study aims to improve the composting of slaughtered waste by adding exogenous microorganisms. In this study, the compost raw materials were obtained by adding Bacillus smithii with the concentration of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% to the dried slaughtering waste. The raw materials were placed at 60, 65 and 70℃ with ventilation and constantly stirring, the water content, pH value, electrical conductivity (EC), total carbon content, total nitrogen content, carbon and nitrogen ratio and germination index (GI) were measured after 10 hours of composting. The results showed that the water content decreased at 60℃ and increased at 65℃ and 70℃ with the increase of bacteria concentration. EC value increased with the increase of bacteria concentration at different temperatures, the minimum reached 3.76 mS/cm and the maximum was 5.31 mS/cm. The total carbon content increased at 60℃ and 70℃ with the increase of bacteria concentration, and decreased at 65℃ with the increase of bacteria concentration. The pH value and total nitrogen content were affected by temperature rather than bacteria concentration. The ratio of carbon to nitrogen was influenced by temperature and bacterial concentration, and the variation range was 14- 17. The germination index increased with the increase of bacteria concentration at 60℃ and 70℃, but decreased at 65℃. The above results showed that Bacillus smithii could promote the compost maturity of slaughtered waste, and the study provides a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of slaughtering waste.

  A Rainstorm Process Which Caused Agricultural Disaster in Northwest Shandong 2018, 34 (1):  103-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120022 Abstract + ( 624 )   To reveal the causes of local rainstorm, and provide references for forecasting and early warning of agricultural disastrous weather, based on conventional observation data, encryption automatic station data and doppler radar echo data, the authors diagnosed and analyzed circulation background, physical quantity field and meso scale system of a rainstorm process from July 4 to 5, 2012 in northwestern Shandong. The results showed that: the main system of the rainstorm was the westerly trough, shear line and the low-level jet; the development of strong water vapor convergence time revealed by water vapor flux divergence in Liaocheng did not had a good relationship with enhanced vertical movement time, so the strong precipitation time was short; the spatial correlation between the precipitation area and the strong upward motion was better; the release of unstable energy triggered by convergence line in the lower troposphere produced rainstorm; the local characteristics of the rainstorm process could be explained by using small and medium scale system, the tracking of small and medium scale system was dependent on the development and application of the regional station data; the strong radar echo monomer and gust front of doppler radar could well explain the local rainstorm process, and the application of doppler radar products should be further studied.

  Extreme Precipitation Variation in Beijing During 1951-2015 杨洁 2018, 34 (1):  109-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120070 Abstract + ( 702 )   The paper aims to master the climate change laws of extreme precipitation events in Beijing. By adopting methods of linear regression, principal component analysis, correlation analysis, Mann- Kendall mutation test and R/S analysis, the authors studied the variation trends of extreme precipitation events in Beijing based on daily precipitation data during 1951-2015. The results showed that: extreme precipitation indices of CWD, R25mm, R95p, RX1day, SDII and PRCPTOT showed a significant decreasing trend; extreme precipitation indices of R25 mm, R95p, RX1day, SDII and PRCPTOT showed similar interdecadal variation, the indices were all strong in the 1950s and basically showed a sustained decreasing tendency of fluctuation during 1960s- 1990s and the indices were significantly reduced and weakened in the 2000s; the extreme precipitation indices of RX1day and SDII had mutation from strong to weak in 1968 and 1988, respectively; the extreme precipitation indices had significant positive correlations among them except for the CDD; the variables of extreme precipitation (RX1day, R99p, RX5day and R95p), the variables of precipitation days at different levels (R25 mm, R20 mm and R10 mm) and the variables of precipitation duration (CDD and CWD) were the main factors resulting in the change of extreme precipitation events in Beijing; R/S analysis of extreme precipitation indices indicated that extreme precipitation events would reduce and keep a weakening trend in future in Beijing and the change of extreme precipitation events had a direct impact on the change of regional water resources. The contradiction between supply and demand of water resources will be further intensified in the future and will increase the risk of drought disaster, so the integrated water management must be strengthened accordingly to ensure the sustainable development of Beijing’s social economy, especially agriculture.

  Effects of Different Control Measures on Spider Subcommunity Structure in Rice Field 2018, 34 (1):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110140 Abstract + ( 676 )   To assess the effects of different control measures on spider subcommunity, a field evaluation test of spider subcommunity sampling by vacuum- suction machine was conducted in Henghu Farm of Jiangxi Province in 2015. The results showed that the total numbers and species richness of spider subcommunity in efficient pesticide plots and biological pesticide plots were both significantly lower than that of control plots, no significant differences were found in community indices such as species richness, dominance index, Shannon- Wiener diversity index and evenness index; the temporal dynamics of this four indexes had no obvious differences. Meanwhile, family composition and dominant spider families of spider subcommunity were basically identical, except that dominance of Salticidae in efficient pesticide plots and biological pesticide plots were significantly lower than that of control plots, dominant spider species of spider subcommunity were basically identical in different control measures. Except that the dominance of P. pseudoannulata in efficient pesticide plots was significantly lower than that of control plots, there was no significant difference in dominant spider species under different control measures. This study indicates that efficient pesticides and biological pesticides could both significantly reduce the number and species richness in spider subcommunity, but have no significant difference on the spider subcommunity structure. The biological pesticides have less influence on spider subcommunity compared with the efficient pesticides.

  Species of Pests on Mungbean in Yulin Region: An Investigation 2018, 34 (1):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120009 Abstract + ( 627 )   To clarity the species of pests and their damage degree, a systematic investigation of the pests on mungbean in Yulin region was carried out by means of black light trap method and field investigation method in 2014-2015. The results showed that 31 species of the insect pests on mungbean were found in Yulin, belonging to 16 families, 4 orders. 13 species of Lepidoptera pests were collected, accounted for 41.9% of the total number. 12 species of Coleoptera pests were collected, accounted for 38.7% of the total number. 4 species of Hemiptera pests were collected, accounted for 12.9% of the total number. 2 species of Homoptera pests were collected, accounted for 6.5% of the total number. The insect pests on mungbean of Yulin were mainly Lepidoptera and Coleopteran. The most important pests on mungbean in Yulin were Etiella zinckenella, Maladera orientalis, M. verticalis, Aphis craccivora. In addition, the damage characteristics and occurrence regularity of these pests on mungbean were introduced. This research provided basic data for prediction and control of insect pests on mungbean in Yulin.

  Risk Analysis of Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday): A Dangerous Exotic Pest in China 2018, 34 (1):  129-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110077 Abstract + ( 650 )   Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) is one of the most important pests infesting fruit trees and garden plants worldwide, which may leads to severe economic loss. To study its risk to China, the authors analyzed its possibility of colonization and diffusion based on its biological characteristics, distribution and host condition and the analysis criterion of pest, MaxEnt ecological niche model was used to predict geographic distribution of S.phillyreae in China. The results showed that the potential geographic distribution of S.phillyreae was expected to be constricted in the middle and east areas of China, such as Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan and Chongqing. Consequently, strong quarantine program and strict risk management were needed at these areas to prevent the pest from being introduced to China.

  Antifungal Activity and Identification of Antagonistic Bacillus GSBM05 Against Grape White Rot Disease 张久慧 2018, 34 (1):  134-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080087 Abstract + ( 654 )   This study aims to screen and isolate Bacillus strains with strong inhibitory effect on coniella diplodiella, and to detect the antifungal activity and identify the stain. Bacillus strains were isolated from soil by dilution-plate method. The Bacillus strain GSBM05 with better antimicrobial activity was studied by the plate confrontation method and mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that forty Bacillus strains were isolated from soil samples. One strain, GSBM05, with potent antimicrobial activity was obtained after primary and secondary screening. The inhibition rates of the 20-fold-diluted aseptic fermentation broth of GSBM05 on spore germination and mycelial growth were both above 90%, and control efficacies of different components of the fermentation broth of GSBM05 on detached grape fruits and leaves were over 80%. The results showed that GSBM05 had obvious antifungal activity against eleven pathogenic fungi, including coniella diplodiella. Based on the morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and the sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, strain GSBM05 was confirm to be a kind of Bacillus methylotrophicus. The experimental results demonstrated that Bacillus methylotrophicus strain GSBM05, with its excellent antifungal activity and broad antifungal spectrum, can provide new resources for the biological control of grape white rot.

  Optimization of Culture Medium for Fenpropathrin-degrading Bacteria 张正一,杨丽莉,梁爽,王鑫宏 and 张浩 2018, 34 (1):  142-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110096 Abstract + ( 653 )   The aims are to improve the growth condition of fenpropathrin-degrading bacteria in the growth medium, explore the basal salt medium formula and provide the basis for mass propagation of fenpropathrindegrading bacteria. In this paper, a strain of degrading bacteria (Y1) was preconcentrated and screened from the sludge and then preserved, which was identified as Bacillus cereus. OD600 was measured through the singlefactor test, and the optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were determined. The optimal basal salt culture medium was obtained through the orthogonal test. The results showed that optimal carbon and nitrogen sources were sucrose and peptone, and the optimal concentrations were 0.15% and 2.5%. The best basal salt medium was pH 6.0, sucrose 0.15%, peptone 2.5%, K2HPO4 0.001%, KH2PO4 0.01%, MgSO4·7H2O 0.1%，NaCl 0.01%. Y1 could multiply in the optimized basal salt medium, which established the foundation of its remediation for soil contaminated by fenpropathrin.

  Chemical Fertilizer N Input and Cost-benefit Under Different Farmer Scales of Rice-garlic Rotation System in the Erhai Lake Basin 罗良国 2018, 34 (1):  148-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070131 Abstract + ( 581 )   The loss of nitrogen induced by irrational nitrogen application in the rice-garlic rotation system is the important cause of the nonpoint source pollution in the Erhai lake basin, which the small farmers couldn’t extricated themselves due to the excessive N input. Encouraging agricultural moderate scale operation and the shifting production mode are the breakthrough of bottleneck of agricultural sustainable development, which has been getting more and more attention. In this paper, the cost-benefit and inorganic nitrogen input under rice-garlic rotation system from different scale farmers in the Erhai lake basin were examined through the face to face survey way. The results indicated that agricultural scale-moderated management organization not only realized source control of agricultural pollution by reducing inorganic nitrogen input, but also obtained high economic profit and nonpoint source pollution mitigation by transferring agricultural production mode with the adoption of environmental-friendly technology, such as organic rice planting mode, rice-fish ecological cultivation mode and traditional fertilization innovation. However, the number of agricultural scale management organizations in the Erhai lake basin grows slowly and needs comprehensive policy support from governments at all levels.

  Image Recognition of Stored Grain Pests: Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network 2018, 34 (1):  154-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110146 Abstract + ( 1090 )   In order to prevent and control the damage caused by stored grain pests, it is of great significance to find an effective way of recognizing stored grain pests with the help of computer. Focusing on the problems of multi-class recognition of stored grain pests based on images, a new image recognition method of stored grain pests based on deep convolutional neural network was proposed. Compared with the traditional ways of stored grain pests recognition, this new method greatly simplified the data preprocessing process, and the accuracy of this new method achieved 97.61%, which was significantly superior to the traditional methods. Therefore, the method of recognizing stored grain pests based on deep convolutional neural network has high practicability as well as the significance of further research and promotion.

  Effect of Agricultural Technical Training on Pesticide Usage Under Heterogeneity: A Study Based on the Propensity Score Matching Method 曾伟 and 2018, 34 (1):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110044 Abstract + ( 623 )   Chinese pesticide usage is rapidly rising in recent years, pesticide usage of unit area is far higher than that of developed countries, and improper use of pesticide will not only destroy agricultural ecological environment but also affect the quality and safety of agricultural products. To guide farmers to make reasonable pesticide usage, based on the investigation data of 345 farmers in vegetable producing areas of Shangdong Province in 2015, and considered the heterogeneity between samples, net effect of agricultural technical training on pesticide usage was estimated by propensity score matching method. The results showed that technical training could effectively guide farmers in reasonable pesticide usage with a pesticide usage reduction of 17.35%-19.72%.