Abstract: Siphoninus phillyreae (Haliday) is one of the most important pests infesting fruit trees and garden plants worldwide, which may leads to severe economic loss. To study its risk to China, the authors analyzed its possibility of colonization and diffusion based on its biological characteristics, distribution and host condition and the analysis criterion of pest, MaxEnt ecological niche model was used to predict geographic distribution of S.phillyreae in China. The results showed that the potential geographic distribution of S.phillyreae was expected to be constricted in the middle and east areas of China, such as Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Hunan and Chongqing. Consequently, strong quarantine program and strict risk management were needed at these areas to prevent the pest from being introduced to China.