Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.36 Published:29 December 2017

  Research Progress of Physiological Function Changes and Regulations in Rice under Chilling Damage 2017, 33 (36):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030071 Abstract + ( 971 )   Chilling damage lead to disturbances in rice physiological function, such as photosynthesis, respiration, mineral nutrition uptake, membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system. The review analyzed the research development home and abroad about the nature of physiological function changes and regulation of exogenous substances in rice under low temperature treatment. On the one hand, the author detailedly introduced the change mechanism of photosynthesis, respiration, mineral nutrition uptake, membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system under low temperature treatment, analyzed the change of dehydrin, apoenzyme, active oxygen, endogenous hormones and related physiological mechanism of the chilling injury in rice; on the other hand, from the perspective of chilling damage control, the author summarized recent research progress on the plant growth regulator in regulating rice chilling damage, put forward future development directions and new trend in the research field of rice chilling damage, and provided a theoretical basis for the future research of rice chilling damage.

  Indica-japonica Differentiation of Shanlan Upland Rice Varieties from Hainan Revealed by InDel Markers 2017, 33 (36):  7-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090109 Abstract + ( 1073 )   The aims are to clarify the indica- japonica differentiation and the genetic variation of Shanlan upland rice varieties from Hainan. In this study, 34 indica- japonica special InDel markers and 24 SSR molecular markers were used in 22 Shanlan upland rice varieties from Hainan to analyze the characteristics of indica-japonica differentiation and genetic variation. Results of InDel molecular markers showed that, gene frequency variation ofjaponica types ranged from 0.68 to 0.83. Thejaponica -type varieties were the main type, which accounted for 63.6%, whileindica and partialindica were not found. The analysis of altitude gradient showed that, the distribution ofjaponica varieties of Shanlan upland rice in Hainan was more extensive and more adaptable. Genetic variation analysis showed that, 191 alleles were detected in the test varieties, including 86 rare alleles (gene frequency≤0.05), which accounted for 45.03% of the total alleles. The richest genetic diversity of upland rice was found in Qiongzhong County of the three testing areas.

  Effect of Exogenous Selenium Treatment on Yield and Selenium, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Content of High Quality Local Rice Varieties 2017, 33 (36):  14-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010116 Abstract + ( 987 )   To study the effect of exogenous selenium treatment on yield and the content of selenium, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of high quality local conventional rice varieties, indica rice variety‘( Thai Xuan No.1’) and japonica rice variety‘( Jing Xuan No.1’) were used as the material, and different concentrations of selenium treatment were carried out at high altitude mountainous area (above 800 m) with completely random design. The results showed that the application of exogenous selenium did not reduce rice yield of the two varieties; with the increase of exogenous selenium, selenium content in milled rice and rice bran increased, the increasing rate of selenium content in milled rice of japonica variety showed a high linear mode with exogenous selenium increased in the range of 0-15 g/hm2, however, under high concentration of selenium treatment, milled rice rate and head rice rate decreased significantly. With the increase of exogenous selenium concentration, the relationship of nitrogen and potassium content in milled rice with selenium turned from extremely significant positive to extremely significant negative. In low selenium concentration condition, appropriately increase the application amount of nitrogen and potassium could promote the absorption and accumulation of selenium, while in high selenium concentration condition, the application amount of nitrogen and potassium should be controlled. Therefore, the study on the application of exogenous selenium in improving quality and selenium accumulation of high quality local rice varieties was feasible.

  Effect of Different Tillage Methods on Soil Properties and Wheat Yield in Shajiang Black Soil 2017, 33 (36):  20-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100031 Abstract + ( 888 )   To select appropriate tillage method and improve soil fertility and grain yield and develop regional resource superiority in shajiang black soil, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of 3 tillage methods [no tillage, rotary tillage (15 cm) and deep tillage (30 cm)] on soil bulk density, moisture, nitrate nitrogen and grain yield of winter wheat with‘Bainong207’as the material. The results showed that soil bulk density had no significant differences among the 3 tillage treatments in 0-10 cm soil layer (P ＞0.05), but deep tillage decreased soil bulk density in 10-40 cm soil layer significantly (P <0.05). The effect law of the 3 tillage treatments on 0-40 cm soil moisture was not obvious in wheat seedling period (P ＞0.05), but deep tillage significantly increased soil moisture of 0-40 cm soil layer in the wintering, jointing and maturity period (P ＜ 0.05). In 0-40 cm soil layer, the order of soil nitrate nitrogen content was no tillage＞ rotary tillage＞ deep tillage at maturity stage. Compared with no tillage, deep tillage increased grain yield by 9.79% by increasing grain number and 1000-grain weight. In view of soil properties, crop growth and natural environment, the deep tillage (30 cm) was a better management practice for shajiang black soil to decrease soil bulk density, improve soil moisture and increase grain yield of winter wheat.

  Effect of Planting Density on Leaf Area Index and Mechanized Harvest Grain Quality of Maize Variety‘Qiaoyu 8’ 2017, 33 (36):  25-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040020 Abstract + ( 834 )   The research aimed to master the optimum planting density of the Maize variety ‘Qiaoyu 8’ which suitable for summer maize mechanized harvest in Henan province, the single-factor randomized trial was designed in this study, analyzed the effects on the leaf area index, the lodging rate, the lodging resistance, the mechanized harvest indicators and the yield in different density treatments. The results showed that the leaf area index increased first and then decreased in the whole growth period, and reached the peak value in the tassel period. With the increase of planting density, the lodging rates increased, stem diameter of the 3rd internode above ground was thinner and the rind penetration strength of the 3rd internode above ground decreased, the grain loss rate and grain crushing rate were increased too, while the impurity had no obvious change. From analyzing the production, grain moisture content, lodging rate, mechanized harvest indicators, the suitable density of ‘Qiaoyu 8’ should be 8.25-9.00×104 plants hm-2.The results would provide reference for reasonable planting density and good quality mechanized harvesting for high-yield cultivation of maize varieties.

  The Effects of Planting Density and Topping Time on Yield of‘Puyi-6’and Correlation Analysis 2017, 33 (36):  30-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020059 Abstract + ( 720 )   To define yield components and theirs’ correlation of‘Puyi No.6’ coix，the influence of planting density and topping measure on‘Puyi No.6’ coix yield was studied, in order to provide theoretical evidence for the high-yield cultivation, management and production practice of‘Puyi No.6’ coix in Pucheng county. The influence of planting density and topping time and their interaction on the yield of‘Puyi No.6’ coix was analyzed by two-factor randomized block test. Correlation between yield components were conducted by path analysis to seek the optimal combination of planting density and topping time that lead to high-quality production of‘Puyi No.6’ coix. The results showed that planting density and topping time were the main factors that significant influenced the yield and its components of‘Puyi No.6’ coix. The yield was the highest when planting density was 66,700 plants per hm2 (with 60cm×75cm row space). Considering economic benefits, the optimal combination was planting density of 57,171 plants per hm2 (with 70cm×75cm row space) with topping when it had ten leaves and one terminal bud. Dwarfing effect of the tested time topping on‘Puyi No.6’ coix was not significant. Results from path analysis showed that the contribution of three coix yield components to the yield from high to low were seed number per plant, 100-seed weight and seed setting rate. Seed number per plant and 100-seed weight was the primary factors that affected coix yield, they should be chosen as the preferred indicators in breeding. Seed setting rate, which has greatly indirect effect on the yield increased, could be improved by changing planting density to achieve high coix yield.

  Effect of Different Planting Patterns on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Soybean 2017, 33 (36):  36-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030010 Abstract + ( 615 )   To solve the problem of low yield and difficult field management under the traditional“sowing with stubble”pattern and the lack of special soybean sowing machinery in the Huang-Huai-Hai area and study the optimum planting pattern of soybean,‘Zhoudou 21’,‘Zhoudou 22’,‘Zhoudou 23’and‘Zhonghuang 13’ were planted in the experimental field of Agricultural Sciences Academy of Zhoukou City, Henan Province. The quantity variances of agronomic traits and yield were compared among five treatments (ABCDE) of different row spacing in the same density, two-factor split-plot design and three replicates were conducted. The results showed that the highest yield of‘Zhoudou 21’,‘Zhoudou 22’and‘Zhoudou 23’was 4172.40, 3823.65 and 4088.25 kg/hm2, respectively, under treatment C. For the four cultivars, the difference of yield reached a significant level between each treatment of ABCD and E, and the difference was very significant between treatment C and E. The number of pods, total pods and 100-grain weight were the best among the four cultivars of 0.2 m narrow row and 0.4 m wide row (C treatment). Therefore, the three cultivars of‘Zhoudou 21’, ‘Zhoudou 22’and‘Zhoudou 23’could have the advantages of population and high economic benefits with 0.2 m narrow row and 0.4 m wide row under the density of 187500 plants/hm2.

  Proportions of N, P, and K Fertilizer Affecting Yield and Economical Characters of Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Planted in Different Fertility Soils 2017, 33 (36):  41-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080102 Abstract + ( 822 )   To ensure rational utilization of fertilizer, exploit the advantage of genotypes, and promote high and stable yield of oilseed rape, field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different proportions of N, P, and K fertilizer on seed yield and economical characters of oilseed rape of‘Fengyou 10’. The statistical analysis was used to investigate the responsive characteristics and difference of different fertility soils to fertilizer. The results showed that the seed yield, plant height, effective branch height, main raceme effective pods number of oilseed rape significantly increased under different proportions of N, P, and K fertilizer treatments compared with that of CK (without fertilization), the seed yield and main raceme effective pods number of oilseed rape both reached the highest level when the proportion of N, P, and K fertilizer was 15:9:6. Under the same fertilization condition, the seed yield, 1000-seed weight, effective pods number of per plant, primary effective branch number, plant height, effective branch height, main raceme effective length and effective pods number of oilseed rape all increased with the increase of soil fertility, however, the seed yield of poor soil fertility was always lower than that of middle fertility. The results illustrated that soil fertility was important to seed yield and economic characters of oilseed rape, furthermore, balanced application of N, P, K fertilizers, improvement of soil fertility and satisfactory nutrient supply in the whole growth period were essential for realizing a stable and high yield of rapeseed.

  Effects of Blue Light on Polysaccharides Accumulation and Glycometabolism-related Enzymes of Ganoderma lucidum Mycelium 余吴梦晓,兰 进,张薇薇,徐新然,刘 禹,尹春梅 and 陈向东 2017, 33 (36):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110028 Abstract + ( 997 )   This study is aimed at finding the effects of blue light on the growth rate, biomass, polysaccharides and four kinds of glycometabolism-related enzymes ofGanoderma lucidum mycelium. With dark culture as control, the growth rate and biomass ofG.lucidum mycelia irradiated with the blue light were determined. The contents of polysaccharides were determined by the phenol-sulfuric acid method and the activities of the four kinds of glycometabolism-related enzymes were measured. Results showed that the growth rate, the contents of the ploysaccharides, the activities of hexokinase (HK), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), α- phosphoglucomutase (α-PGM) and phosphoglucose (PGI) ofG.lucidum mycelia irradiated with the blue light were significantly higher than those of dark culture, they both increased first and then decreased. The biomass accumulation irradiated with the blue light was higher than that of dark culture. In conclusion, the blue light could promote the growth rate, the accumulation of polysaccharides, the activities of glycometabolism-related enzymes ofG.lucidum mycelia.

  Effect of Different Combinations of Fertilization and Pesticide Application on Yield and Cost-effectiveness of Cucumber 2017, 33 (36):  52-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100040 Abstract + ( 581 )   To provide reference for rational fertilization and pesticide application in cucumber plantation, and relieve the problem of environmental pollution and vegetable pesticide residues, the authors discussed the effect of different combinations of fertilization and pesticide application on cucumber yield and cost input. Four treatments were conducted, including T1 (conventional fertilization+ conventional pesticide application, CK), T2 (conventional fertilization + recommended pesticide application), T3 (recommended fertilization + conventional pesticide application) and T4 (recommended fertilization + recommended pesticide application). The results showed that T4 had fewer kinds of fertilizers and pesticides than that of T1, and had yield increase effect on cucumber, the yield increase was 7003.5 kg/hm2 and the increase rate was 19.25% ; it also had obvious effect on cost-saving and benefit-increasing, the cost was saved by 10941 yuan/hm2 and the benefit was increased by 31951.5 yuan/hm2. The results of this experiment were satisfactory, higher benefit was obtained with lower input. The research could provide references for cucumber planter to choose fertilizer and pesticide, and lay a foundation for alleviating the ecological soil problems.

  Effects of Bio-bacterial Fertilizer and Soil Amendment on Growth, Yield and Disease of Greenhouse Spring Cucumber 2017, 33 (36):  58-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080071 Abstract + ( 580 )   The effects of bio-bacterial fertilizer and soil amendment on the growth, yield and disease of spring cucumber were studied in plastic-protected cultivation using a method of field experiment. The results showed that three treatments (bio-bacterial fertilizer, soil amendment and their combination) had a positive regulation on growth performance of cucumber, and caused the plant height and stem diameter increased, internodes shortened. Among them the "EM + 968 + amendment” treatment was proven to be significantly positive. The single fruit weight and yield of the cucumber were also increased by those treatments and the "EM + 968 + amendment” was most significant. In addition, all treatments decreased the disease incidence and disease index of cucumber downy mildew and target spot respectively and improved the prevention and control of these diseases; the "EM + 968 + amendment " was best, the following was the " 968 + amendment ". Therefore, the combination of bio-bacterial fertilizer and soil amendment has a significant positive effect on spring cucumber in plastic-protected cultivation.

  Agronomic Characters of Cowpea Germplasm Resources: Correlation, Principal Component and Cluster Analysis 2017, 33 (36):  63-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110030 Abstract + ( 583 )   To provide a theoretical guidance for application of cowpea varietal resources, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted based on 15 agronomic characters of the 41 cowpea germplasm resources. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the fusarium wilt was the highest. The two agronomic characters closely related to yield in cowpea were single-pod weight and the number of tender pods per plant. There were significant positive correlation between them and plant type, tender pod length, the number of inflorescence per plant and the number of single pod seed. There were significant negative correlation between the number of tender pods per plant and flowering stage, leaf width and the number of branches per plant. 15 major agronomic characters could be defined as 5 principal components. The first principal components included plant type, first flowering node, tender pod length, single pod weight, the number of single pod seed, the number of inflorescence per plant and the number of tender pods per plant and the number of branches per plant; the second principal components included flowering stage, leaf length and leaf width; the third principal component included the tender pod width and testa color; the fourth principal component included the tender pod color; the fifth principal component included the degree of fusarium wilt. The 41 cowpea germplasm resources were classified to 2 groups with genetic distances of 25. They were classified to 3 groups with genetic distances of 15 and the first kind of varieties had obvious superiority, and it had a wide application prospect.

  Evaluation of Innovation Resource of Eggplant with Heat Tolerance and Resistance to Bacterial Wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum Smith) 2017, 33 (36):  72-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020118 Abstract + ( 617 )   The excellent germplasm resources are the base materials for breeding. The aim of this study is to make clear the resistance level of the innovation germplasm of eggplant, and to develop new cultivars that suitable for South China, where have the climatic characteristic of high temperature and outbreak of bacterial wilt. In this paper, 12 inbred lines of eggplant were identified and evaluated for heat tolerance by heat-injury index and relative conductivity of the membrane, and for resistance to bacterial wilt by inoculation on seedlings with root soaking. Taken together the results of heat tolerance by heat injury index and relative conductivity of the membrane after 4 days, we found three inbred lines (13009-4-4-3, 3309-5-4-1-2, 5-1-1-2-1) had strong heat tolerance, and two (3-1-2, 10009-3-2-1) had medium heat tolerance among eight inbred lines with purple peel. In addition, two of three inbred lines with white peel had strong (10009-5-3-1-1) and medium (10015-5-3-4-1) heat resistance. By inoculating to seedlings in root after six weeks, it was found one with high resistance (3309-5-4-1-2), two with resistance (10009-3-2-1, 3410-14-1-4-2) and one with medium resistance (3-1-2) to bacterial wilt. According to the result above, one inbred lines (3309-5-4-1-2) of the germplasm had strong heat tolerance and high resistance to bacterial wilt, and one inbred line (10009-3-2-1) had medium heat tolerance and resistance to bacterial wilt, one inbred line (3-1-2) had medium heat tolerance and medium resistance to bacterial wilt.

  Composition and Content of Amino Acid of Phyllanthus emblica L. Fruit from Different Sources 2017, 33 (36):  78-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080084 Abstract + ( 626 )   To accurately evaluate wild germplasm resources of Phyllanthus emblica and guide germplasm innovation and industrial development of Phyllanthus emblica L. in Yunnan Province, 11 accessions of germplasm resources from Yunnan or Guangxi were collected, and the total sugar contents, amino acid contents and compositions of the fruit were determined. And then, one-way variance analysis, correlation and cluster analysis were used to compare the fruit characteristics of the 11 accessions of the germplasm resources. The results showed that: the contents of total amino acids in different germplasm fruits had significant differences (P ＜0.05). The essential amino acid contents were 64.5-227.08 mg/100 g, accounting for 31.83%-41.35% of the total amino acid content; special flavor evaluation results showed that the taste amino acid contents and total sugar contents had no significant correlation (P>0.05), but umami kind of amino acid and bitter taste kind of amino acid or medicinal kind of amino acid were correlated significantly (P < 0.01), sweet kind of amino acids were correlated with bitter taste amino acid and medicinal amino acid significantly (P < 0.05), and the bitter kind of amino acid and medicinal amino acid were correlated significantly (P < 0.01). According to abundance contents of amino acid, the 11 accessions of germplasms of Phyllanthus emblica were divided into 3 categories. Phyllanthus emblica fruit has a rich diversity of amino acid compositions, which have a close relationship with the special flavor. It is suggested that Phyllanthus emblica germplasm innovations should be directional induction or breeding based on germplasm resources system evaluation.

  Hemerocallis hybrida; H.‘Gleber’s Top Gream’; H.‘Pink silk ruffle’; hybrids; identification; karyotype analysis 2017, 33 (36):  85-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040121 Abstract + ( 692 )   To get new varieties of Hemerocallis with excellent ornamental characteristics,H.‘Gleber’s Top Gream’(as female parent) and H.‘Pink silk ruffle’(as male parent) were crossed and some hybrids were obtained. 4 hybrids with stable characteristics were selected. Hybrid identification was conducted with morphological observation and karyotype analysis. The results showed that the 4 hybrids obtained the morphological characteristics of both female parent and male parent, the parents and the 4 hybrids were all diploids (2n = 2x = 22), the most karyotype parameters of the 4 hybrids were between their parents, the karyotype of most hybrids were 2B. The morphological and cytological characteristics proved that hybrids integrated the genetic material and morphological traits from their parents, and were identified as true hybrids, which provided new germplasm materials for selecting new varieties of Hemerocallis hybrida.

  Clipping Times: Effects on Yield and Quality of Ryegrass Planted Under Trees 2017, 33 (36):  93-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17050095 Abstract + ( 585 )   Planting ryegrass under trees to feed poultry is a compound eco-agricultural model. To optimize the clipping mode of ryegrass planted under trees, and get high yield and quality ryegrass, in this study, ryegrass planted under trees were used as materials and clipped with different clipping times (1, 2, 3, 4, 5 times). The growth characters, dry material accumulation, yield formation and quality of ryegrass under different treatments were compared. The results showed that: the fresh ryegrass and hay yield with clipping 4 times were the highest, as 86.53 t/hm2 and 11.83 t/hm2, respectively. And the fresh ryegrass and hay yield with clipping 5 times decreased by 10.27% and 7.79% , respectively. With the increase of clipping times, the nutritional content of cow dung, crude fat and crude ash increased gradually over time, and crude fiber content decreased gradually. In addition, the hay yield and quality of ryegrass planted under trees of the 2nd and 3rd clip were higher. Compared with ryegrass planted in grassland, the yield and quality of ryegrass planted under trees were lower. Under this experiment condition, ryegrass planted under trees with clipping 4 times could have both high yield and good quality, and the growth time of the 2nd and 3rd clip were extended appropriately, which could benefit high yield and good quality.

  Investigation on Utilization Status of Agricultural Film and Residual Membrane Pollution in Typical Areas of Shanxi Province 白雪 and 周怀平 2017, 33 (36):  99-104.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010129 Abstract + ( 636 )   To clarify the status of plastic film pollution and utilization in Shanxi Province, methods of questionnaire survey and sample analysis were used to statistically analyze the plastic film problems in all cities and counties in Shanxi Province, and a real-time observation of plastic film use condition was conducted in Shouyang. The results showed that the thickness of currently used film was mostly under 0.008 mm; more than 90% was common plastic film, degradable plastic film mulching was rare; the top three crops with film covered planting area were vegetables, corn and potato, there was partially covered winter wheat in the south of the basin; Datong, Xinzhou and Linfen had the largest film usage; plastic film recycling rate was very low, and most of the film was left unused on roads, or processed by landfill and incineration or turned directly into the soil, more and more residual film was in the soil, mainly concentrated in the 0-20 cm soil layer. If there is still no full attention to the problem of film mulching recycle, the residual film will exceed the national farmland film residue limit standards soon, thus inhibit the growth of crops, and affect the yield and quality. The analysis provides references for the prevention and control of residual membrane in Shanxi Province.

  Restoration and Management Measures for Degraded Grasslands of Family Ranches in Desert Steppe Area 2017, 33 (36):  105-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090038 Abstract + ( 554 )   To study the restoration management measures of degraded grassland in desert steppe area, degraded grassland restoration experiment of 3 family ranches was carried out from 2014 to 2017. The results showed that the after-culture treatment and ripping film + after-culture treatment significantly improved the aboveground biomass, vegetation coverage and grassland height of degraded grassland, there was no significant effect on species richness, after-culture treatment increased aboveground biomass by 51.6%-58.4%, and that of ripping film + after-culture treatment was 48.3%-48.9%. In the third year, the vegetation coverage of afterculture treatment and ripping film + after-culture treatment increased by 50.2%-70.8% compared with the first year, and grassland height increased by 52.1%-69.8%. After-culture treatment and ripping film + afterculture treatment reduced forb biomass to about 10% , and sedge biomass reduced to about 14% . Comprehensive evaluation showed that after-culture treatment and ripping film + after-culture treatment were the effective management measures for restoration of degraded grassland, and the study could provide technical support for the restoration of degraded grassland in the desert steppe area.

  Impact of mining on soil physicochemical properties in Loess Plateau——A case study on Changhe River basin in Jincheng city 2017, 33 (36):  111-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020044 Abstract + ( 913 )   Based on the method of Geo-statistics, this study analyses the change regulation, special structure, distribution and cause of impact of mining on soil physicochemical properties through determining and calculating the indexes of soil bulk density, porosity, mechanical composition and organic matter in order to provide theoretical basis to restoration management of disturbed zone. By contrasting the disturbed zone and undisturbed zone, the results show that:①The average change shows that the soil bulk density, gravel and organic matter increase, among which bulk density increases significantly at 0-20cm and gravel increases at 0-60cm(p<0.05); while the porosity, silt and clay reduces, among which porosity decreases significantly at 0-20cm, organic matter decreases at 0-40cm and silt reduces at 0-60cm(p<0.05) and other layers have no significant change.② The spatial dependency degree of porosity, bulk density and organic matter decrease due to mining, among which organic matter varies from strong dependency to moderate dependency; while the spatial dependency degree of sand, silt and clay increase due to mining, among which sand varies from moderate dependency to strong dependency.③The distribution of soil physicochemical properties has a certain similarity in three soil layers, among which the two sides of Changhe is obvious. The damage of soil by mining can be divided into dominant and implicit damage and there is a causal relationship between the two. The subsidence and cracks in surface may cause soil compaction and deformation,which promote the exchange between soil air and atmosphere and thus change the physicochemi- cal properties of soil.The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of soil in the disturbed and undisturbed areas were significantly different, which could provide a systematic diagnostic basis for the changes of soil physical and chemical properties and their causes.

  Improving Effect of High-sulfur Coal Gangue on Soda-saline Soil 张强,王斌 and 2017, 33 (36):  119-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030157 Abstract + ( 596 )   A cultivating indoor experiment was conducted to study the effect of high-sulfur coal gangue on chemical indices (pH, EC, ESP and exchangeable Na+ ) of soda-saline soil, four kinds of fineness and four kinds of applying rates were used. The results showed that 70 mesh high-sulfur coal gangue had the best effect, the pH value decreased by 6.66%, 11.20%, 14.67% and 16.70% under 16, 32, 48 and 64 g/kg treatments, ESP decreased by 59.96% , 68.24% , 69.81% and 73.76% , exchangeable Na + content decreased by 19.05% , 21.09%, 17.69% and 19.05%. Applying high-sulfur coal gangue can lead to a large number of foreign ions input which increases soil EC compared with CK. Adjusting saline ions structure can reduce the toxic effect of exchangeable Na+, and has an improvement effect on soda-saline soil.

  Space Differentiation Characteristics of Cultivated Land Pressure Index and Their Prediction in Jilin 2017, 33 (36):  124-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17060140 Abstract + ( 557 )   This paper uses cultivated land pressure index model and the gray system theories GM (1, 1) model, the cultivated land using of Jilin province during 2003-2012 time and space differentiation characteristics were analyzed, and the pressure index and its dynamic change and trend prediction about the future.The results showed that: Jilin province cultivated land with the passage of time, and let go of the "two-child policy" in the population increasing, the future trend of the population will be increased, even if people in the future ten years per capita food demand will not increase, on the basis of the minimum area of cultivated land per capita increase rate tends to small, and a large number of cultivated land to construction land conversion, cultivated land pressure index has a tendency to be too large, and cultivated land pressure index of Jilin province in 2017-2027 in a rising trend, even if the cultivated land pressure is not very obvious, but still can not be ignored.

  Target gene expression and stem borer resistance of insect-resistant super japonica rice transformed with cry1C gene in field 李冬雪,田崇兵,刘长华 and 李荣田 2017, 33 (36):  131-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040038 Abstract + ( 551 )   To study the target gene expression and stem borer resistance in transgenic insect-resistant super Japonica rice in field, 10 super rice strains with insect-resistant genes Japonica rice transformed with cry1C* from different independent resistant callus were grown in field. The mRNA of target gene in rice leaf, stem sheath and young panicle at booting stage were detected by real-time PCR. The Cry1C protein in rice leaf, stem sheath, young panicle at booting stage and in brown rice after harvest were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The white head plants damage of Chilo suppressalis was investigated by visual inspection in field. The results showed that the expression of cry1C* in different organs and different transgenic super Japonica rice strains was obviously different. The quantities of mRNA expression of cry1C* gene followed an order: leaf>stem sheath>young panicle, and the quantities of cry1C* protein followed an order: leaf>stem sheath>young panicle> brown rice. The positive correlation of target gene expression in transgenic super Japonica rice existed in different organs at mRNA and protein levels. The positive correlation existed between Cry1C protein content in organs and Bt protein content in brown rice. The stains, no matter with high or low Cry1C protein contents, had high resistance to Chilo suppressalis in filed in our study. The insect resistant genotype which properly expressed target genes should be paid attention in breeding transgenic insect-resistant Japonica varieties.

  The Construction, Expression and Insecticidal Activity Determination of Cry1Ac Toxin Mutant 袁晓曼,, and 2017, 33 (36):  139-144.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110021 Abstract + ( 558 )   The aim is to construct the toxin with high insecticidal activity for resistant insects with sensitive resistance and cadherin-like protein mutant. α-chymotrypsin site was inserted between α1 and α2 of domain I of Cry1Ac toxin, the expression of target protein and the formation of parasporal crystal from mutant toxin in Bt was analyzed, the insecticidal activity of mutant toxin was determined. The results showed that, the four mutant proteins could express about 130 kDa target protein in Bacillus thuringiensis, but these mutants did not form regular parasporal crystal. The reason might be that the mutant protein reached the top at the stationary stage of Bacillus thuringiensis, and then it was degraded at the beginning of the decline stage. In the four mutants, Cry1Acm4 had the highest yield at 48 h, and its insecticidal activity for Spodoptera exigua was 1.6 times higher than that of the wild type, but the yield was only one tenth of toxin yield of wild type. Although it had little value in application for Cry1Acm4 because of the low expression, the construction method provided a new approach for researching Cry1Ac toxin with high insecticidal activity.

  Identification and Colonization of Bacillus methylotrophicus Against Banana Fusarium Wilt Disease 陈宇丰,,起登凤,,, and 2017, 33 (36):  145-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090141 Abstract + ( 664 )   Bacteria 4-L-16 was isolated from natural cake fertilizer fermentation liquid, in order to evaluate its anti- fungi activity and colonizing regulation systematically. Nine kinds of pathogen including Fusarium oxyspum f. sp.cubense Race 4 were taken as indicative strains to detect the anti-fungi activity of antagonistic bacteria by the methods of plate confrontation and containing medium. Bacteria 4-L-16 was also identified by Gram staining, morphologic observation, physiological and biochemical characteristics analysis and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The results showed that the strain 4-L-16 had broad-spectrum resistance to the nine kinds of pathogen, the inhibition rates of mycelium growth were 28.05%-76.07%, and the inhibition rates of spore germination were 24.44%-70.00%. For banana Fusarium wilt, the inhibition rates of mycelium growth and spore germination were 76.07% and 70% , respectively, and this strain was identified as Bacillus methylotrophicus. By the method of antibiotic marker, anti 600 μg/mL rifampicin marked strain of 4-L-16 was obtained. The pot test showed that the strain 4-L-16 could colonize in banana rhizosphere soil and banana plant, after inoculating 10 d, the soil colonization reached a maximum quantity of 6.67×106 CFU/g. But with the extension of days, the number of colonization decreased gradually, the quantity tended to be stable of 2.05×106 CFU/g after inoculating 25 d. The colonization mostly took place in the root of banana, was 4.38×103 CFU/g. Bacillus methylotrophicus 4-L-16 was taken as a new microbial resource for biological control of Banana Fusarium wilt disease for its broad-spectrum resistance activities and good colonization abilities.

  Determination of Pesticide residues in Sugarbeet by ultra High Perfoemance Liquid Chromatography tandem mass spectrometry 2017, 33 (36):  152-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070075 Abstract + ( 570 )   The paper aims to establish a quantitative analysis method for detecting three herbicides’residues in sugarbeet. The authors performed recovery tests by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry under multiple reaction monitoring mode. The sample was extracted with methanol by accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), and purified by solid phase extraction with methanol, acetone and dichloromethane, 2 mL each, and quantified by the external standard method. The results showed that: the recoveries at three spiked concentration levels of 50, 20, 10 μg/kg ranged from 65.81% to 100.36%, and RSD was between 1.4% and 6.55%, the limits of quantification of this method were in the range of 0.6-2.5 μg/kg. The method is not only fast and simple, but also high sensitive, can satisfy the detection requirement for the three herbicides’residues in sugarbeet simultaneously.

  The Role of Meteorological Information Volunteers in Rural Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Disasters 2017, 33 (36):  171-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110024 Abstract + ( 779 )   Meteorological information volunteers play an important role in the rural natural disasters’ prevention and mitigation, and can share the responsibility of protecting life and property with the government. This paper evaluated six roles of meteorological information volunteers to play in rural preventing and mitigating of natural disasters, which included disseminating weather disaster warning information, finding disaster impact, collecting local meteorological need, organizing hedging, popularizing the meteorological knowledge and disaster prevention and mitigation consciousness. The survey showed that warning dissemination took the first place, and hedging organization and knowledge popularization ranked the second. However, the volunteers’capability of preventing disaster was poor. Therefore, it is necessary to make the volunteer group stable, to cultivate volunteers’prevention disaster consciousness and to improve volunteers’ disaster prevention capability by multi-government department cooperation. Meanwhile, it is also necessary to set up the certification system of the services of the meteorological information volunteers to motivate their initiatives. These measures could improve the ability of natural disaster prevention and mitigation in rural areas.