Current issue

• 2017 Vol.33 No.35 Published:14 December 2017

  Resistance Evaluation of Rice Varieties to False Smut in Southern Heilongjiang 来永才,,,, and 2017, 33 (35):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120131 Abstract + ( 935 )   To discuss the resistance level and the occurrence of rice false smut in rice planting area of southern Heilongjiang, the natural infection and artificial inoculation were used to analyze the hole disease rate, spike disease rate and false smut balls of 62 conventional japonica rice varieties. The results indicated that: the hole disease rate range was 0.89%-90.00%, the average hole disease rate was 22.49%; the spike disease rate range was 0.04%-14.11%, the average spike disease rate was 2.63%; the disease index range was 0-5.02, the average disease index was 1.08.‘Songjing14’,‘W01’and‘W38’were selected as immune varieties and 42 varieties were identified as resistant varieties, which accounted for 87.10% of the total, and the total ratio of resistant to susceptible varieties was 54:8. Most rice varieties in southern Heilongjiang were resistant to rice false smut, and the resistance difference existed among rice varieties.

  Difference Analysis of Yield and Quality Characters of Naked Barley Varieties in Region Along the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province 2017, 33 (35):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120088 Abstract + ( 1159 )   To understand the high yield, adaptability and quality characters of different naked barley varieties in the region along the Yangtze River and the coastal areas in Jiangsu Province, and select new naked barley varieties with good-quality and high-yield which are suitable for planting in these regions, we compared the biological properties, yield and its composition factors, stress resistance, amd quality of seven naked barley varieties and one barley variety. The results showed that: (1) as to growth stage, 7 naked barley varieties were suitable for planting in barley areas of Jiangsu Province,‘Tong mai 6’was a semi-winter variety, its sowing time was less flexible and it should be sowed early; (2) as to yield and stress resistance,‘Dong chen naked barley’was a six-rowed variety with less yield and poor lodging resistance, it was not suitable for being planted in Jiangsu Province,‘Su luo mai 2’had good yield, but was lightly infected by barley yellow mosaic disease, thus it could be planted in the field with less yellow mosaic disease in Jiangsu,‘Qing naked barley’ and‘Su luo mai 1’had good stable yield, resistance to barley yellow mosaic disease and were suitable for being cultivated in barley producing areas of Jiangsu; (3) as to quality,‘Qing naked barely’contained highβ - glucan, low crude fiber, higher starch and had good quality, it could be developed and used as special grains; ‘Su luo mai 1’and‘Su luo mai 2’contained higherβ -glucan, low crude fiber, higher starch, and had better quality, and could be developed and used as good-quality grains.

  Effect of Planting Densities on Plant Type and Yield Characters of Summer Maize Varieties 丁勇,张君,赵霞,马智艳,赵发欣 and 唐保军 2017, 33 (35):  12-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100047 Abstract + ( 2178 )   In order to elucidate the response of plant type and yield traits of different maize varieties to planting density, six maize varieties (‘Zhengdan958’, ‘Xianyu335’, ‘Weike702’, ‘Xundan20’, ‘Jinhai5hao’ and ‘Limin33’) that are now planted widely in production were used as materials, the plant type and yield trait changes of different maize varieties under four planting densities (60000 plants/hm2, 90000 plants /hm2, 112500 plants /hm2, 127500 plants /hm2) were analyzed. The results indicated that the three ear leaves area and the coefficient in stem diameter of six varieties both were decreased with the increase of planting density. But the reduced range was difference among different varieties or different ear leaves. Yield component factors, such as ear length, ear diameter, rows per ear, kernels per row, kernels per ear and 1000-grain weight, were showed decreasing with the planting density increasing. Among four planting densities, the yield of ‘Jinhai5hao’, ‘Weike702’ or ‘Zhengdan958’ under the density of 90000 plants/hm2 was the highest; other three variety yields were showed reducing with the increasing of planting density. Based on the regression analysis, the effect of the kernels per ear on yield was the largest one among the ten factors that are known affecting maize yield, secondly for the kernels per row. The results will be providing the theoretical basis for the maize variety breeding and the high efficient planting in maize production.

  Comparative Analysis of Drought Tolerance at Seedling Stage Between Maize‘Zheng58’and‘PH4CV’ 李保珠 2017, 33 (35):  18-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100059 Abstract + ( 1104 )   The aims are to rationally use the maize germplasm resource and provide basis for breeding maize varieties with drought tolerance. The 15-day-old seedlings ‘Zheng58’and‘PH4CV’were used as materials for three treatments, drought, normal irrigation, and re-water after drought. The phenotypic difference and drought-relevant physiological indexes were observed. The results showed that, under the drought treatment, leaf temperature of‘PH4CV’seedlings was lower, and water loss was faster in detached leaves of‘PH4CV’. After drought treatment for 5 days, seedlings of‘PH4CV’showed more severe wilting than‘Zheng58’, accompanied with lower relative water content, accumulated more H2O2 and MDA, and had higher ionic leakage level. The root/shoot ratio increased in both‘PH4CV’and‘Zheng58’after drought treatment, and the ratio was much higher in‘Zheng58’. In conclusion, the drought-relevant physiological indexes of‘Zheng58’ are better than that of‘PH4CV’, indicating that the variety has more tolerance to drought stress at seedlings stage.

  Selection of Sorghum Germplasm Resources with Long-rhizomes 2017, 33 (35):  25-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070044 Abstract + ( 966 )   To Screen long-rhizomes sorghum germplasms with different blood and breed sorghum hybrids with high germination rate.The experiment selected 74 sorghum materials which included 36 Chinese sorghum materials, 26 American sorghum materials, 12 India sorghum materials. Measuring the length of hypocotyl and coleoptile after germination in dark condition. Result showed that hypocotyl’s and coleoptile’s length of Chinese sorghum varieties were significantly higher than American and India sorghum materials’s, and variation coefficient of hypocotyl length was significantly higher than the coleoptile length’s. Screening 12 Long-rhizomes sorghum sources by the clustering analysis. That included 9 Chinese materials (‘24517’,‘jinwu/Hc356 Sc499’,‘HM65/LE83472’, ‘huojiaohong1’,‘jinY11’,‘1383-2’,‘chi7788’,‘shenyuan 0-01’,‘sanchisan’), 2 American materials (‘Hc378B’, ‘LR287-2’ ), a India''s material (‘E565’).This provided the basis for breeding long-rhizomes sorghum hybrid.

  A New Summer Soybean Variety‘Tongdou 11’: Breeding and Cultivation 2017, 33 (35):  30-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010011 Abstract + ( 712 )   The paper aims to breed summer soybean varieties with high quality and high yield which are suitable for planting in Huainan area, Jiangsu.‘Tongdou 11’(formerly No.08-4) was bred through generative hybridization between‘YinJ0082’(female parent) and‘Haixi13’(male parent) with pedigree method. ‘Tongdou 11’passed the regional summer soybean test in Huainan area of Jiangsu in 2013-2014 and the production test in 2015. The results showed that: in the regional summer soybean test in Huainan area of Jiangsu (2013-2014), the average yield of‘Tongdou 11’was 2928.3 kg/hm2, 7.32% higher than that of the control‘Nannong 99-6’, which was the highest yield in the regional test in the past years; in 2015, the average yield of‘Tongdou11’was 3190.5 kg/hm2 in the production test, 4.10% higher than that of the control ‘Nannong 99-6’;‘Tongdou 11’passed the Jiangsu validation in June 2016; the growth period of‘Tongdou 11’was 121 days, the plant height was 73.3 cm, the effective branch was 4.3, the pods per plant was 56.6, the grains per pod was 2.0, the 100-grain weight was 25.3 g, and its crude protein and crude fat content was 40.5% and 20.6%, respectively; the variety showed a high lodging resistance, moderate susceptible to soybean mosaic virus SC3 strain and susceptible to SC7 strain.‘Tongdou 11’is suitable for planting as summer soybean in Huainan area of Jiangsu and surrounding similar ecotopes.

  Growth Characteristics, Yield and Quality Performance of Virus-free Sweet Potato with Different Generations 李仁崑,,,, and 2017, 33 (35):  36-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020031 Abstract + ( 806 )   To find out the growth characteristics and the difference of yield and quality of different varieties and different seedling generations of sweet potato, the tube seedlings, original- original seedlings, original seedlings, common seedlings of virus- free sweet potato of‘Yizi- 138’and‘Jingshu- 6’were used as materials, and the virus detection, yield- increasing effect assessment, quality test and cost- effectiveness analysis were conducted. The results showed that the incidence of sweet potato virus reduced after detoxification. The lower the generations, the fewer the diseased plants and virus types were. After detoxification, the number of the seedlings of the sweet potatoes increased in the seedbed, the seedlings were strong and the vegetative growth of the aboveground part was vigorous. The potato number underground and commodity potato rate increased in the field. However detoxification had less effect on the inner quality of sweet potato. In terms of the yield and cost-effectiveness, the yield of‘Yizi-138’original seedlings was 26288.4 kg/hm2, which had obviously significant yield-increasing effect (increased by 52.1%) compared with the control, and the increasing income was 13288.95 yuan/hm2. The yield of‘Jingshu-6’original seedlings was 11381.1 kg/hm2, which had obviously significant yield-increasing effect (increased by 53.3%) compared with the control, and the increasing income was 2045.1 yuan/hm2. In conclusion, it is recommended to use ‘Yizi-138’as the major variety to demonstrate and popularize the detoxification technology because it shows outstanding yield and income increasing effect.

  Inhibitory Effect of Different Contact Methods of Citronella Oil on Candida albicans 黄惠明 and 2017, 33 (35):  46-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120149 Abstract + ( 615 )   Using the lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) which grown in Zhangzhou area, the essential oil is extracted to quantitatively inhibit Candida albicans in different forms, in order to screen the optimum form and the minimum concentration of this essential oil against C.albicans. In the study, the optimum form of inhibition were carried out by three forms of solid, gas and liquid, and the minimum concentration of the essential oil was tested. The qualitative experiment result showed that the essential oil of lemongrass had the best antimicrobial ability for C. albicans in solid state, and liquid state had the worst activity but was still significantly better than 5% fluconazole positive control (P＜0.01). In the quantitative experiment, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Candida albicans was 0. 15μL/mL in solid state. This experiment proved that the essential oil of lemongrass had the antimicrobial ability for Candida albicans in all three forms.

  Screening and Microbial Component of a Thermophilic, Cellulose-degradation Bacterial Community PN-8 2017, 33 (35):  50-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100119 Abstract + ( 826 )   The aim of this study was to isolate the thermophilic bacterial community with cellulose degradation capacity, and then to solve the rapid degradation problem of cellulose during the composting process. A cellulose-degradation bacterial community, named PN-8 was constructed by the continuous selective culture, and the characteristics and composition of PN-8 was also investigated and analyzed in this study. During the degradation process of rice straw, the pH value of PN-8 suspension firstly dropped then ascended, and the optimum degradation temperature for PN-8 was 55 ℃ with higher degradation ratio up to 80.9%. Through streak plate approach, five bacteria strains were isolated from PN-8. According to the sequence identification, four strains belonged to Bacillales namely Ureibacillus suwonensis，Bacillus thermoamylovorans，Ureibacillus thermosphaericus and Bacillus borbori respectively. Other strain belongded to Serratia sp.. The high-throughput sequencing data showed the consistent result that the Bacillaceae was the predominant bacterial strains in PN-8, accounting for 31.83%. The principal functional bacteria in PN-8 were Bacillaceae, and their favourable cellulose degradation capacity at high temperature would potentially improve the speed and quality of compost.

  Trifloxystrobin and Its Metabolite Residue in Paddy Field: Measured by Ultra Efficient Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry 2017, 33 (35):  57-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080025 Abstract + ( 804 )   The paper aims to evaluate the security of Trifloxystrobin in rice and environment. The authors conducted a field experiment in 3 locations for 2 years to study the residues and degradation dynamics of Trifloxystrobin in rice and paddy field. For dissipation trial, Trifloxystrobin was applied at the dosage of 84.37 g a.i./hm2 on rice straw, and 562.5 g a.i./hm2 on soil or paddy water all for once; for final residue trial, Trifloxystrobin was applied at the dosage of 84.37 g a.i./hm2 and 56.25 g a.i./hm2 for 3 and 4 times, respectively; samples were took at harvest time. The results showed that: the degradation half-life of Trifloxystrobin in paddy water, soil and rice straw were 1.8-7.3 days, 2.4-9.7 days, 1.4-12.4 days, respectively; the maximum residue of Trifloxystrobin in soil, rice straw, rice shell and brown rice was 0.293, 4.435, 8.569, 0.901 mg/kg, respectively; the results revealed that the residue of Trifloxystrobin in brown rice was less than the MRL set by CAC (5.0 mg/kg).

  Research Tendency of Soil Acidobacteria Based on Web of Sciences 2017, 33 (35):  63-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080037 Abstract + ( 802 )   The aim is to study the research trends and hotspots of soil acidobacteria. Based on the Web of Science database and bibliometric, the top 20 research institutes, research authors, academic journals, disciplines and countries are analyzed. The results show that a total of 1289 articles on acidobacteria (2007-2017) have been published, and the number of the published articles shows a stable-increase trend, reaches the highest in 2016. China, United States, Germany, Brazil and Spain are the top five countries depending on the number of published articles, especially China (a total of 423). Those research institutes, including Chinese Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Sao Paulo University and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, are main research institutes that have high number of published articles around the world. The core authors with the highest academic influence are mainly from China. Microbial Ecology, Plos One, FEMS Microbial Ecology, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Frontiers in Microbiology are the most active journals in this field. The main disciplines of acidobacteria literature are microbiology, environmental sciences ecology, biotechnology applied microbiology, agriculture, science technology and other related disciplines. Therefore, the results prove that the United States, Germany and China have obvious advantages in the research field of soil acidobacteria. The current hotspots in soil acidobacteria are microbiology and microbial ecology.

  Research Progress of Male Sterility in Tobacco 2017, 33 (35):  70-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120118 Abstract + ( 608 )   To explore the mechanism of tobacco male sterility and search for the key causes, this paper concludes the present research status of male sterility in tobacco based on phenotype, cytology, physiology & biochemistry, molecular mechanism and so on. Firstly, we summarized that the distinguish characteristics of tobacco sterile lines and their maintainer lines in tapetum and flower organs. Secondly, we analyzed that the effects of free proline, active oxygen, enzyme and endogenous hormones on the tobacco fertility. Finally, we described in detail that the research and analysis of the association of nuclear genes, mitochondrial genes and chloroplast genes with tobacco fertility. Furthermore, it is presented that the follow-up studies combined with the high-throughput data effectively will be benefit for the systematical research of male sterility on tobacco.

  Application of Different Organic Ecotype Matrix to Soilless Culture of Brassica campestris 2017, 33 (35):  77-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030027 Abstract + ( 837 )   To explore the feasibility of mushroom residue and sawdust instead of peat as vegetable substrate culture, the authors took mushroom residue, sawdust, peat and perlite as substrate material, the application effect of different material ratios in Brassica campestris soilless culture was studied. The results showed that plant growth of treatment 1 (peat: mushroom residue: sawdust: perlite=2:2:2:1) and treatment 5 (peat: mushroom residue: sawdust: perlite=4:2:2:1) were better than that of CK, the root activity, vitamin C content and chlorophyll content of treatment 1 and treatment 5 were higher than that of CK, NO3- content was lower than that of CK. The proper ratio of mushroom residue, sawdust and perlite could be developed for vegetable planting cultivation matrix. In this study, the cultivation medium of treatment 1 and 5 could be used as cultivation medium in Brassica campestris soilless culture.

  Interaction Effect of Nitrogen and Sulfur on Plant Growth of Garlic 2017, 33 (35):  81-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120115 Abstract + ( 657 )   This study aims to investigate the interaction effect of nitrogen and sulfur on plant growth of garlic. An experiment was carried out with‘Xinjiang white garlic’as the material, to study the effect of different treatments of nitrogen and sulfur levels on agronomic characters, chlorophyll content and root vitality of garlic under the cultivation condition of inorganic substrate. The results showed that the interaction of nitrogen and sulfur could improve plant height, stem thickness, fresh weight and dry weight, bulb fresh weight, but the impact of individual element of nitrogen or sulfur was different. Chlorophyll content and root vitality showed a trend of first rise then decrease, and there was a significant impact of nitrogen and sulfur interaction on chlorophyll content or root vitality. In addition, individual element of nitrogen and sulfur had significant impact on root vitality. Based on the comprehensive comparison, the interaction effect of nitrogen and sulfur is significant in vegetation process of garlic, the bulb weight is the maximum at N 20 mmol/L and S 4 mmol/L.

  Water Regulation: Influence on Passivation Effect of Heavy Metals 蓝文翀,张娜,刘冰冰,祝振球,陶志慧 and 周静 2017, 33 (35):  88-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100057 Abstract + ( 702 )   An indoor soil culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of water regulation on the passivation of heavy metals. The results showed that: soil pH could be significantly improved and the content of available Cu and Cd in soil could be significantly reduced after adding the passivation material DLS; the bioavailability of Cd was not obviously influenced by the soil moisture content, but the soil pH and the bioavailability of Cu could be significantly affected by the soil moisture content; after the indoor culture experiment was conducted for 6 days, the highest pH appeared with the treatment of soil moisture content being 40% of the maximum field water holding capacity, and the treatment of 20% was the minimum, however, the bioavailability of Cu was contrary to the soil pH, the bioavailability of Cu was shown as the treatment of soil moisture content was 40%＜80%＜60%＜100%＜20%. In the course of field planting, the suitable soil moisture content range for plant growth was generally 40%-60%, therefore, in the process of field remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil, the soil moisture content should be kept in 40%-60% of the maximum field water holding capacity, in order to achieve the best passivation effect of the alkaline passivation material.

  6 Kinds of Amendments: Effects on Cd Content in Brown Rice and Cd Transfer and Accumulation in Rice 2017, 33 (35):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17020043 Abstract + ( 629 )   The purpose of this study is to provide a basis for rational use of amendments and the relationship between the cadmium content in brown rice and the accumulation and transfer of cadmium in rice. The materials which could inhibit the cadmium accumulation in brown rice were screened from 6 kinds of amendments. Through statistical analysis of yield, cadmium content in brown rice, cadmium accumulation factors (AF) and transfer factors (TF) in different organs in different exceeding-standard rice groups, the effects of different amendments on the transfer and accumulation of cadmium in rice were discussed. The results indicated that compared with the control, the lower and middle concentration of C material and FA material could reduce the cadmium concentration in brown rice; FB material and the high concentration FD materials promoted the cadmium accumulation of brown rice. The ability of cadmium accumulation in different rice organs in no exceeding standard group followed the order: root＞stem＞ brown rice ＞leaf＞chaff, and in the exceeding standard group followed the order: root＞stem＞ brown rice ＞ chaff ＞ leaf. The transfer ability of chaff—brown rice was the strongest in no exceeding standard group, while the transfer ability of leaf—brown rice was the strongest in exceeding standard group.

  Preparation and Physicochemical Properties of Late Rice Seed-coating Fertilizer 2017, 33 (35):  101-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16120105 Abstract + ( 547 )   To obtain preparation conditions and explore physicochemical properties of late rice seed-coating fertilizer, single factor effects of application amount, coating agent amount, seed load rate, coating method and drying time on the preparation of late rice seed-coating fertilizer were studied, and the optimal preparation condition was determined by orthogonal test L9(3), the physicochemical properties of fertilizer under the optimal condition were measured. The results showed that the optimal preparation condition was as follows: the application amount was 10%, coating agent amount was 0.1%, seed load rate was 50%, coating method was 0.5A-B-0.5A and the drying time was 20 min. Test results of physicochemical properties showed that: pH value was 6.77, viscosity was 20.7 mPa/s, the film-forming property was middle, the film-forming time was 9.3 min, coating uniformity was 95.0%, coating-off rate was 8.9%, split time in water of coating was 6.0 min, which indicated that the coating-agent for late rice seed-coating fertilizer had good physicochemical properties.

  Effect of Different Types of Fertilizers on Sweet Potato Yield and Nitrogen Efficiency 2017, 33 (35):  107-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110023 Abstract + ( 714 )   To select fertilizer which can increase the yield of sweet potato, the field method was tested. Under the equal inputs of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer of the four different types of fertilizer (Shikefeng compound fertilizer, Turangsuo coated fertilizer, Jinzhengda coated fertilizer, Shidanli compound fertilizer) were compared. No nitrogen treatment, urea and conventional fertilization were regarded as control. The results showed that the Shikefeng compound fertilizer increased sweet potato yield significantly (p<0.05) and its yield was 1996kg/667m2, more than the conventional fertilization by 8.92%. The nitrogen use rate of Shikefeng was the highest at harvest time, pH declined the lowest. When nitrogen absorption of sweet potato was the highest, nitrogen release of Shikefeng compound fertilizer was the highest, conforming to the nitrogen absorption rule of sweet potato. So Shikefeng compound fertilizer is worthy of recommendation in sweet potato production.

  Evaluation Method of Data from Soil Moisture Automatic Observation Station 2017, 33 (35):  113-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17030049 Abstract + ( 624 )   Soil moisture is an important variable to control water and energy exchange between land and atmosphere, while soil moisture automatic observation stations’ observation is the main mean to obtain soil moisture data. The accuracy of the data gained by automatic observation stations can directly affect its application effect, so it is of great significance to carry out the data evaluation for soil moisture automatic observation stations. Based on the soil moisture data of 129 automatic observation stations in Shandong Province of 2015-2016, we used the methods of precipitation infiltration, upper and lower data comparison and so on, developed the data evaluation program for the automatic observation stations in Shandong Province, and proposed the rectification measures upon the quality evaluation of the program. The results showed that most of the soil moisture automatic observation stations in Shandong Province had the problems of inaccurate measurement data for soil hydrological- physical characteristics, and unstable or breakdown soil moisture sensor, and very few observation stations have the problems with collectors.

  Water Resources Variation in Haibei Prefecture of Qinghai 2017, 33 (35):  119-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100025 Abstract + ( 752 )   The paper aims to provide refined weather forecast products for agricultural production. Based on the materials of rainfall(precipitation), the runoff of rivers, the maximum depth of frozen soil etc. from 1961-2015, the research is a preliminary one about the variable features of the water resources in the area of Haibei Prefecture. The research was conducted through the method of climate diagnosis, the findings of the research indicate that: the annual rainfall from 1981-2010 has increased by 11.6mm and 13.3mm comparing with the annual rainfall from 1971-2000 and 1961-1990. The rainfall great than or equal to 25.0mm has appeared in the 1990s and 2000s more than in other period of time. The average annual precipitation change rate (relative humidity) basically showed a trend of weak increase (decrease). The annual dryness index presented an extremely decreasing trend, it was relatively large in the 1960s, 1970s and 1990s and small in the 1980s and 2000s. The average annual maximum depth of frozen soil present an significant decreasing trend. In general, the mean annual discharge of Buha River and Shaliu River present a slim increasing trend, the mean water fall of Qinghai Lake has been decreasing significantly, while the mean annual water level variation has been increasing distinctly. Annual rainfall and the average annual flow are the most important factors which influence annual water level variation of Qinghai Lake.

  Temperature and Leaf Humid Period: Effect on the Infection of Soybean Frogeye Leaf Spot 2017, 33 (35):  128-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17010030 Abstract + ( 610 )   To clarify the effect of environmental factors on the infection of soybean frogeye leaf spot, the authors conducted an experiment in a greenhouse with cultivar ‘Kenfeng14’, and carried out the spray inoculation of spore suspension when the 2nd three leaves were fully expanded. The study consisted of 5 temperatures (15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and 35℃) and 6 treatments (12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 60 h and 72 h). The experiment was completely randomized with 4 replications. The results showed that: there was no lesion during the leaf humid period of 12 h, indicating that 12 h of leaf humid was not enough to maintain the infection of soybean frogeye leaf spot; the diameter and the number of frogeye leaf spot could only be measured during 48 h leaf humid period at 15℃; the diameter and number of frogeye leaf spot could be measured during 24 h leaf humid period at 20℃-35℃; when the temperature was 30℃, the biggest effects on the diameter and number of frogeye leaf spot during 72 h leaf humid period could be observed, indicating that the condition was the most suitable environmental factor for the infection of frogeye leaf spot.

  Identification and Homology Analysis of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Grape 2017, 33 (35):  132-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16110006 Abstract + ( 755 )   The objectives are to clarify fungal species and genetic characteristics of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and provide basis for further studying this disease. The identification and homology analysis of 26 strains of C. gloeosporioides from different districts were conducted by morphology and rDNA-ITS sequence analysis. PCR amplification was performed with fungal universal primers ITS4 and ITS5. We compared the sequences with the sequences available in NCBI, and cluster analysis was conducted with Clustalx 1.83 and MEGA 5.0 software. Results indicated that colony color was white or grey white, hypha exhibited velvet or flocculent, conidium showed cylindrical shape or cylindric shape, and was colorless; ITS sequence of pathogen was about 500 bp, all identified pathogen were C. gloeosporioides. Although grape anthrax from different districts exhibited high sequence homology and close genetic relationship, different strains showed genetic differences and this difference had no obvious correlation with geographical origin and varieties.

  Growth Characteristics of Cultured Pseudorasbora parva 2017, 33 (35):  137-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040166 Abstract + ( 1373 )   The growth characteristics of Pseudorasbora parva cultured artificially were analyzed, in order to provide scientific basis for promoting culture of P. parva. P. parva were cultured artificially in the outdoor flowing water ponds from March 2016 to November 2016. The body weight, body length and total length were measured, respectively. Then the growth characteristics of P. parva were analyzed. The 180 days old fish had average total length of 3.96 cm, average body length of 3.23 cm and average body weight of 0.49 g. The special growth rate, daily weight gain and condition factor were affected by the change of water temperature significantly. The linear relation model between body length（LB）and total length（LT）was described as LT=1.0589LB 0.767,（R2=0.8628）, and the curve relation model between body length（LB） and body weight （W）of the P. parva was expressed as W=0.0466LB2.1623（R2=0.8306）. The coefficient variation was changed from 6% to 14% in body length, from 20% to 41% in body weight and changed from 1.45 to 5.31 in condition factor. P. parva shows strong adaptability under artificial culture condition, thus it indicated that P. parva should be cultured artificially on a large scale.

  Community Structure of Macrobenthos and Assessment of Ecosystem Health in Huangshui River, Qinghai Province 2017, 33 (35):  141-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16100123 Abstract + ( 626 )   Twenty sampling sites, selected from the upstream Huangshui River, were divided into three land use types, i.e. grassland, cropland and urban land. Samples were collected from these points in May and August of 2016 in order to evaluate the health of Huangshui River and the community structure of macrobenthos. An investigation was conducted to study the community structure and functional feeding groups of macrobenthos in Huangshui River based on the samples and land use types. The results showed that all the sampling sites in Huangshui River exhibited low levels of both average density and biomass of macrobenthos. The dominant species were Gammarus suifunensis Urno, Apataniidae sp., Baetis sp., Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Polypedilum sp.. The various sampling sites showed significant differences in community structure and functional feeding groups of macrobenthos, among which collector-gatherer was the most dominant. Gammarus suifunensis was dominant in grassland, Baetis sp. was dominant in cropland, and Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri was dominant in urban land. In all the three land use types, Baetis sp. was always the dominant species. The health condition of the river ecosystem was evaluated by using the comprehensive assessment index. The results revealed that Huangshui River, from its origin to the Xining section, suffered increasing interference from water conservation projects, with decreasing vegetation coverage and biodiversity and increasing soil erosion, which made the whole river in a state of poor health.

  On the Dynamic Relationship Between Per Capita Consumption of Aquatic Products and Per Capita GDP in China 2017, 33 (35):  149-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040159 Abstract + ( 1018 )   Income level and urbanization rate are the important factors influencing the consumption of aquatic products, to explore the impact of per capita GDP growth on per capita consumption of aquatic products is useful to evaluate the characteristic of per capita consumption of aquatic products in China. This paper analyzed the relationship between the per capita consumption of aquatic products and the per capita GDP from 1981 to 2015 by using the method of econometric analysis such as cointegration theory and error correction model. The results show that there is a long-term cointegration relationship between per capita consumption of aquatic products and per capita GDP. The change of per capita GDP is the one-way Granger cause of per capita consumption of aquatic products, namely, the increase of economic income could help to increase the consumption of aquatic products. The impact of per capita GDP on per capita consumption of aquatic products is greater than the impact of per capita consumption of aquatic products on per capita GDP, and maintaining the level of income growth is an important measure to promote consumption of aquatic products.

  Rural Public Culture Service Policy: Development History 郑满生 and 2017, 33 (35):  155-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17040059 Abstract + ( 829 )   To fully understand the development history of rural public culture service policy and promote its system construction in China, the paper reviewed the decision making and implementation of rural public culture service in China from 1979 to 2015. The results indicated that: the promulgation and implementation of rural public culture service policy had experienced 3 stages as beginning, exploration and deepening; the rudiment of policy came into being in the stage of beginning and the outline gradually appeared in the exploration stage, and in the deepening stage, the policy system formed basically. The detailed analysis of rural public culture service policy from the perspective of implementation background, status, characteristics and influences is of significance to the construction and development of rural public culture policy system.

  Development and Innovation of Grassland Ecological Environment: from‘Subsidy Award’to‘Precise Grazing’ 2017, 33 (35):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080086 Abstract + ( 700 )   To enhance the availability of grassland ecology protection policy, we investigated the effects and problems of“subsidy and award”since its implementation in China. Taking the population of 268 husbandry counties and semi-husbandry counties, the overloading rate of livestock and the net income of farmers and herdsmen as the study objects, we used the BGLI model to calculate the change of grassland overloading since the implementation of“subsidy and award”. The results showed that the“subsidy and award”policy had a good effect on changing the whole country''s overload situation. It increased the net income and population in husbandry counties and semi- husbandry counties and positive effects were more outstanding in semihusbandry counties. On the whole, herdsmen were satisfied with this policy. However, the fixed subsidy standard partly caused poor efficiency and unsatisfied effect. So, we suggest that the government should establish a database to implement“precise grazing.”We also put forward that the herdsmen should firstly reduce livestock and then the government gives them awards, the awards are different according to the degree of overloading and the practice among herdsmen, and middle and small herdsmen are the subject of subsidy.