Abstract: To solve the problem of low yield and difficult field management under the traditional“sowing with stubble”pattern and the lack of special soybean sowing machinery in the Huang-Huai-Hai area and study the optimum planting pattern of soybean,‘Zhoudou 21’,‘Zhoudou 22’,‘Zhoudou 23’and‘Zhonghuang 13’ were planted in the experimental field of Agricultural Sciences Academy of Zhoukou City, Henan Province. The quantity variances of agronomic traits and yield were compared among five treatments (ABCDE) of different row spacing in the same density, two-factor split-plot design and three replicates were conducted. The results showed that the highest yield of‘Zhoudou 21’,‘Zhoudou 22’and‘Zhoudou 23’was 4172.40, 3823.65 and 4088.25 kg/hm2, respectively, under treatment C. For the four cultivars, the difference of yield reached a significant level between each treatment of ABCD and E, and the difference was very significant between treatment C and E. The number of pods, total pods and 100-grain weight were the best among the four cultivars of 0.2 m narrow row and 0.4 m wide row (C treatment). Therefore, the three cultivars of‘Zhoudou 21’, ‘Zhoudou 22’and‘Zhoudou 23’could have the advantages of population and high economic benefits with 0.2 m narrow row and 0.4 m wide row under the density of 187500 plants/hm2.