Abstract: To provide a theoretical guidance for application of cowpea varietal resources, correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted based on 15 agronomic characters of the 41 cowpea germplasm resources. The results showed that the coefficient of variation of the fusarium wilt was the highest. The two agronomic characters closely related to yield in cowpea were single-pod weight and the number of tender pods per plant. There were significant positive correlation between them and plant type, tender pod length, the number of inflorescence per plant and the number of single pod seed. There were significant negative correlation between the number of tender pods per plant and flowering stage, leaf width and the number of branches per plant. 15 major agronomic characters could be defined as 5 principal components. The first principal components included plant type, first flowering node, tender pod length, single pod weight, the number of single pod seed, the number of inflorescence per plant and the number of tender pods per plant and the number of branches per plant; the second principal components included flowering stage, leaf length and leaf width; the third principal component included the tender pod width and testa color; the fourth principal component included the tender pod color; the fifth principal component included the degree of fusarium wilt. The 41 cowpea germplasm resources were classified to 2 groups with genetic distances of 25. They were classified to 3 groups with genetic distances of 15 and the first kind of varieties had obvious superiority, and it had a wide application prospect.