Abstract: To ensure rational utilization of fertilizer, exploit the advantage of genotypes, and promote high and stable yield of oilseed rape, field experiments were carried out to study the effects of different proportions of N, P, and K fertilizer on seed yield and economical characters of oilseed rape of‘Fengyou 10’. The statistical analysis was used to investigate the responsive characteristics and difference of different fertility soils to fertilizer. The results showed that the seed yield, plant height, effective branch height, main raceme effective pods number of oilseed rape significantly increased under different proportions of N, P, and K fertilizer treatments compared with that of CK (without fertilization), the seed yield and main raceme effective pods number of oilseed rape both reached the highest level when the proportion of N, P, and K fertilizer was 15:9:6. Under the same fertilization condition, the seed yield, 1000-seed weight, effective pods number of per plant, primary effective branch number, plant height, effective branch height, main raceme effective length and effective pods number of oilseed rape all increased with the increase of soil fertility, however, the seed yield of poor soil fertility was always lower than that of middle fertility. The results illustrated that soil fertility was important to seed yield and economic characters of oilseed rape, furthermore, balanced application of N, P, K fertilizers, improvement of soil fertility and satisfactory nutrient supply in the whole growth period were essential for realizing a stable and high yield of rapeseed.