Abstract: Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are brominated compounds with excellent flame retardancy and are widely used in a wide range of applications and applications in a wide range of industrial products. It has been found that PBDEs have bioaccumulation, environmental persistence, biotoxicity and long distance transport properties, having a lasting pollution to the environment. In May 2009, the fourth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Stockholm Convention had classified pentabromodiphenyl ether and octabromodiphenyl ether as new persistent organic pollutants. Many countries have banned it. However, due to the extensive production and use of PBDEs in history, PBDEs and their derivatives (OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs) have been widely found in various environmental media, and their residues have been detected in many places and in organisms Enrichment. This poses a threat to the aquatic ecosystem and human health. At present, scholars are paying attention to the study of polybrominated diphenyl ethers mainly in its migration, transformation and biomolecular toxicity. This paper focuses on the general application of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, residues in the environment and their toxicity to organisms. Put forward some valuable issues. Understand the status of PBDEs pollution and find out its potential threats to biological and ecosystems. In this way, we can provide useful information that can be used to protect the environment.