Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.31 Published:01 November 2018

  Effect of Cutting Time and Stubble Height on Fresh Yield and Forage Quality of Barley 2018, 34 (31):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070107 Abstract + ( 783 )   To provide guidance for barley utilization in Hunan Province,‘Huadamai 9’from Hubei Province was used as the research object in this study. By measuring the plant height, tiller number, fresh weight and forage quality, the effects of different mowing periods and stubble heights on yield and quality of fresh barley were analyzed and the appropriate mowing period and stubble height were screened out. The results showed that the growth period of‘Huadamai 9’was 169 days. The highest plant height of‘Huadamai 9’was at initial heading stage and the tiller number ranged from 3-5. It was used for forage by harvesting the whole plant of barley in Dongting Lake area. The mowing period could be started from the initial heading stage, and the full heading stage was the best. The stubble height could be 5-10 cm, and 5 cm was the optimum for higher yield. For‘Huadamai 9’, the optimal stubble height was 5 cm, mowing period was at full heading stage, and the total yield reached 42.23 kg/13.5 m2. There were significant differences in the contents of crude ash, crude protein and crude fiber in different periods. The content of crude protein was not significantly different between initial heading stage and full heading stage, but it was the highest at initial heading stage. The crude fiber content was the highest at maturation stage, while the content of crude ash was not significantly different at different cutting time.

  Wheat Stripe Rust: Spring Prevalence Prediction Model in Nanyang, Henan 2018, 34 (31):  5-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080127 Abstract + ( 710 )   The paper aims to overcome previous wheat strip rust prediction during winter and spring which were mainly based on fixed ten-day or monthly climate factors, and improve the accuracy and timeliness of extended prediction. Figures of the prevalence area used in this study were derived from the weekly wheat stripe rust reports in Nanyang from 2008 to 2015. Two methods were adopted to establish the dynamic prediction model based on the prevalence stages and the prevalence rate, respectively. The prediction accuracy of the prediction model based on three prevalence stages was 90% for the beginning stage of the prevalence, 95% for the developing stage of the prevalence, and 94% for the peak period of the prevalence. The prediction accuracy of the prediction model based on prevalence rate was 70%, 80% and 90% for the prevalence area rate (r1), prevalence area plus controlled area rate (r2) and prevalence area plus half controlled area rate (r3), respectively. The prediction model of this research improved the accuracy and timeliness for wheat strip rust prediction.

  Effects of Nitrogen Application on Biomass Accumulation and Allocation of Avena sativa‘Qingyin No.1’ 2018, 34 (31):  10-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050127 Abstract + ( 782 )   To explore the response mechanism of biomass allocation pattern and the rational fertilization of Avena sativa‘Qingyin No.1’, different nitrogen treatments were set up. The results showed that nitrogen had significant influence on the biomass accumulation and distribution of various organs of‘Qingyin No.1’. The maximum biomass accumulation of stems, leaves, panicles, roots and total biomass was 1332.97, 375.53, 587.52, 205.20 and 2501.22 g/m2 respectively under 75 kg/hm2 nitrogen application amount. The higher biomass distribution of stems, leaves, panicles and roots was obtained under the nitrogen application amount of 30, 60-90, 90-120 and 0-60 kg/hm2, respectively. The total biomass, the biomass of stems and roots increased first rapidly and then slowly with the advancement of reproductive period, while the biomass of leaves first increased and then decreased. But the panicle biomass increased continuously. The order of biomass distribution pattern of milk- ripe stage was stems＞ panicles＞ leaves＞ roots. There were allometric relationships between root and stems, panicles, leaves under different nitrogen treatments. The biomass accumulation of stems and panicles was higher than that of root, while the biomass accumulation of leaves was lower than that of root. The morphological plasticity of different organs of‘Qingyin No.1’under nonfertilization was higher than that under fertilization.

  Chilling Tolerance of Different Sweet Sorghum Varieties at Seedling Stage 2018, 34 (31):  19-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080048 Abstract + ( 902 )   Cold stress is one of the main abiotic factors which can affect the yield and quality of sweet sorghum. To better comprehend the resistant mechanism of sweet sorghum in seedling stage induced by cold stress, and screen the best chilling-tolerance varieties of sweet sorghum, six sweet sorghum varieties were used as materials in this study. The physiological indexes were detected in the leaf under cold stress and recovery treatment. And these indexes were used to evaluate the freezing resistance of sweet sorghum. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis were adopted to evaluate the overall chilling- tolerance of sweet sorghum. The results showed that the content of Pro increased in seedling leaves induced by cold stress.However, SOD, POD, CAT activity and the content of soluble sugar demonstrated different change trends in six sweet sorghum varieties, and the downtrend was also found in some varieties. At last, the six sweet sorghum varieties were divided into three groups based on the principal component analysis and cluster analysis, ‘BJ0603’and‘EN-11’were strong cold-resistant,‘EN-12’,‘IMP-2’and‘KFJT-1’were moderate coldresistant, and‘BJ0602’was weak cold-resistant. These results provide a foundation for screening cold tolerant varieties of sweet sorghum.

  Identification and Variety Comparison Test of Eight New Coix Lines (Materials) Based on SSR Molecular Marker 2018, 34 (31):  27-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070133 Abstract + ( 803 )   To screen out good varieties which are suitable for planting in Guizhou Province, 8 new materials of Coix lacryma- jobi including Y10, ZY, Y42, QL, Y43, Y8, Y160 and ZF, were used as materials. ‘Xingrenxiaobaike’was taken as the control. The genetic relationship among the 8 materials was identified by SSR markers. Variety comparison test was conducted with randomized block design. Results showed that the variation range of genetic similarity coefficients was between 0.467 and 0.922 by cluster analysis on amplified sequence by 20 pairs of combined SSR primers, and there were differences among test materials which demonstrated they were different test materials. Based on the variety comparison analysis between 2015 and 2016, yields of Y10, ZY, Y42, QL, Y160 reached very significant level compare to the control, and the yield of Y10 reached the highest in both the two years. The test demonstrates that the new materials Y10, ZY, Y42, QL and Y160 have significant advantages, and lays a foundation for further research.

  Mung Bean Varieties Suitable for Planting in Semi-arid Area of Xing ’an: Selection and Analysis 2018, 34 (31):  32-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030097 Abstract + ( 525 )   The paper aims to determine suitable varieties to be planted in the semi-arid area of Xing’an, to make full use of local climate resources, and study the growth and development characteristics and yield potential of different mung bean varieties. The author carried out the seeding experiment of 9 mung bean varieties and‘Brooke Lv1’planted in large area in Tuquan at the same site and the same time. The results showed that: the ≥10℃ active accumulated temperature during the growth season in the semi-arid region of Xing’an fully satisfied the demand of maturity of each mung bean variety; the two mung bean varieties ‘( Xiaominglv’and‘Changfengxiaominglv’) were infested with pests during the flowering period to the seedfilling period, and the area was up to 40%; according to the production practice for years, the final yield could be affected by the sterile grain rate≥8.5%; the sterile grain rate of‘Tianshan minglv’,‘Tianshan daminglv’ (green pearl) and‘Brooke Lv1’was 7.4%, 7.3% and 8.2%, respectively, the three varieties were suitable for local climatic condition, with strong resistance to disease and high yield potential, and could be used for large area promotion.

  Wheat Near Isogenic Lines with Three Pistils: Analysis of Glutenin and Gliadin 2018, 34 (31):  37-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050074 Abstract + ( 435 )   The aim is to fully utilize the fine traits of wheat near isogenic lines with three pistils and explore the utility value in wheat breeding. The high molecular weight glutenin, low molecular weight glutenin and gliadin of wheat near isogenic lines with three pistils were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Taking‘Chinese Spring’(CS) as a reference, cluster analysis was carried out by the band migration distance and band polymorphism of the LMW-GS and gliadin electrophoretic map. The high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GS) results from sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE) showed that there were 10 types of subunits and 8 types of subunit combination in 10 wheat materials. At the Glu-A1 loci, the frequency of major subunit nulls reached 60%; at the Glu-B1 loci, the frequency of the major subunit 7+8 was 50%; at the Glu-D1 loci, the frequency of the major subunit 2+12 was 60%; the major subunit combination was Null/7+8/2+12. In the low molecular weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GS), 10 wheat materials totally isolated 25 bands, 10 bands were isolated from all materials and the ratio was 50%. The gliadin results from acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A- PAGE) showed that there were 25 bands isolated from 10 wheat materials totally, 5 bands were isolated from all materials and the ratio was 20%. The results of cluster analysis showed that the genetic distance of 10 wheat materials was 0.03 to 0.28. When the genetic distance was 0.26, 10 materials could be divided into 3 categories. Based on the analysis of glutenin and gliadin and cluster analysis, it can be concluded that wheat near isogenic lines with three pistils can not be used to improve the quality of wheat in breeding, but it can be used to improve the yield of wheat, and the most important task is to improve the 1000-kernel weight.

  Apparent Genetic Effects Induced by Electromagnetic Radiation：Research Progress 2018, 34 (31):  43-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070126 Abstract + ( 535 )   Electromagnetic field is an important environmental element which influence the existence of human beings.Many studies have shown that it has a wide epigenetic effect in addition to genetic mutation.In order to arouse people to the attention of the electromagnetic environment, to further promote the research on electromagnetic biological effects, we summarized the previous studies of epigenetic effects of electromagnetic radiation in this paper, and focused on the development of the epigenetic effects of gamma rays, ultraviolet radiation, microwave radiation and radio waves in plants and animals,puts forward some feasible research direction..

  Effect of PP333,B9 and ABA on Conservation of TARO(Colocasia esculenta L.Schott)Germplasm Resources in vitro 2018, 34 (31):  49-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080002 Abstract + ( 763 )   The paper aims to extend the preservation time and improve the survival rate of taro tube seedlings.. The taro cluster buds was used as experimental material, and the effect of three kinds of different concentrations of growth inhibitors and different temperature and light conditions on the survival rate of taro tube seedlings were studied.【Method】 The result showed that at normal temperature（25±2）℃ with light condition, the best PP333, ABA and B9 concentrations were 2 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. At low temperature（5±1）℃with light condition, the best PP333, ABA and B9 concentrations were 1.0 mg/L,1.0 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L. At low temperature（5±1）℃ with dark condition, the best PP333, ABA and B9 concentrations were 1.0 mg/L,1.0 mg/L and 0.5 mg/L. Compared with normal temperature light condition culture, low temperature（5±1）℃ light culture had higher survival rate, and their best concentrations for TARO germplasm in vitro conservation were lower than that of normal temperature light condition culture. Compared with low temperature light culture, dark conditions at low temperature had higher survival rate, and their best concentrations were the same as light conditions at low temperature, but dark conditions at low temperature increased the survival rate. The recovered plantlets grew well and showed no significantly difference in morphology with those of control group. Three kinds of plant growth inhibitors can effectively improve survival rate of TARO tube seedlings.

  Adaptability of Cucumber Cultivars to Enclosed Substrate Trough Culture System 2018, 34 (31):  53-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080011 Abstract + ( 608 )   The study aims to explore the adaptability of different cucumber cultivars to the enclosed substrate trough culture system, and lay the foundation for high yield and high efficient cultivation of cucumber. With six cucumber cultivars as test materials, and their phenological period, botanical characters, fruit quality, yield and disease resistance were comparatively analyzed under enclosed substrate trough culture system. The results showed that among the six tested cucumber cultivars, the yield of‘Bomei 80-5’was the highest, the early yield and total yield were 44.37% and 36.56% higher than those of the control‘Jinyou 35’, respectively, its vegetative growth was vigor and had resistance to powdery mildew. The total yield of‘Jingyan 108-2’was 32.29% higher than the control and its vitamin C content was higher than other tested cultivars. The soluble solid content and soluble sugar content of‘Zhongnong 50’were the highest compared with other tested cultivars, and were higher than the control by 27.74% and 40.58% respectively. In addition, the fruit flavor ‘Zhongnong 50’was superior to other cultivars and had good performance production and disease resistance. In conclusion,‘Bomei 80-5’,‘Jingyan 108-2’and‘Zhongnong 50’are recommended as suitable cultivars for enclosed substrate trough culture system.

  Phenotypic Variation of Juglans regia Shell Thickness and Its Application in Variety Breeding 2018, 34 (31):  60-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070073 Abstract + ( 493 )   To investigate the shell thickness phenotypic variation and its application in walnut breeding, nine biological traits including vertical diameter, transverse diameter, lateral diameter, fruit mass, kernel mass, kernel rate, fatty acid content, protein content and shell thickness were collected, and their correlations were analyzed. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) were adopted to study the population structure effects on the phenotypic variation of shell thickness in walnut. Among 66 walnut varieties, the variable coefficient of the shell thickness ranged from 0.60 to 1.50, and enjoyed the maximum variable coefficient of 0.21 among all traits. Correlation analysis indicated that the shell thickness was negatively correlated to kernel rate with r=-0.61 (P=0.01). The population was divided into four pop-populations (Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4) with 42, 18, 5 and 1 in Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4, respectively. The principal component analysis of 66 accessions based on the nine traits indicated that the first three principal components (PC1, PC2 and PC3) could explain 77% of the total phenotypic variation. The results can provide a theoretical guidance for paper shell cultivar breeding.

  Shallow Liquid Combined with Solid Culture Affect the Seedling Growth of Prunus serrulata‘Royal Burgundy’in Vitro 2018, 34 (31):  68-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120123 Abstract + ( 595 )   To solve the problem of stalk shortening and poor growth of Prunus serrulata‘Royal Burgundy’in vitro, the study of seedling culture in vitro was carried out by using shallow liquid combined with solid culture method. The effect of organic substance, amount and pH value of liquid medium on seedling height, fresh and dried ratio, and the amount of chlorophyll were studied. The results showed that the test tube seedlings grew better in the liquid culture medium, which was 1/2MS+ BA 0.5 mg/L+ IBA 0.5 mg/L+ inositol 300 mg/L, pH value of 6.0, the seedling height was 4.81 cm, the dry matter ratio was 0.088, the chlorophyll content was 2.064 mg/(g·FW). This study improves the tissue culture and propagation technology of P. serrulata‘Royal Burgundy’, and provides technical support for in vitro seedling cultivation.

  Determination of Trace Elements in Tea by ICP-AES 2018, 34 (31):  72-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070132 Abstract + ( 454 )   In this paper, a method for the determination of various inorganic elements in tea was explored. The contents of nine elements, including P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in thirteen kinds of tea leaves were determined by inductively coupled plasma- atomic emission spectrometry (ICP- AES). Tea samples were digested by automated sample digestion. The results showed that linear correlation coefficient(R) of this method was from 0.996 to 0.999, and a relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 5.0%. This method is simple, rapid and accurate. Therefore, this method can be used as the determination of trace elements in tea samples.

  Spatial Structure Evolution of Tea Production in Sichuan Province, 1990 to 2015 2018, 34 (31):  76-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080044 Abstract + ( 643 )   The paper aims to promote the regionalization and specialized production of tea industry in Sichuan Province. Based on the tea production data, we analyzed the evolution track of production center and the spatial structure of tea industry in Sichuan, by using gravity center model and ESDA method. The results show that: (1) the tea production developed rapidly, and has formed 3 major production areas in southern Sichuan, western Sichuan and northeast Sichuan; (2) the migration scale of gravity center of tea plantation area in Sichuan is small, and the gravity center is expanded to the southeast; (3) the Moran’s index range of tea garden in Sichuan is generally from 0.35 to 0.457, indicating significantly positive spatial autocorrelation and high spatial agglomeration characteristics; (4) regions with H-H mainly are those most suitable areas located in Wumeng mountain area, Qionglai mountain area and Qinba mountain area, regions with L-L mainly belong to the unsuitable area or low suitable area in the northwest plateau of Sichuan or mid-Sichuan hilly region. Since 2000, the agglomeration trend in the tea production area of northeast Sichuan decreases significantly, while in southern and western Sichuan, there is a marked trend of aggregation. The structure of tea production in Sichuan is a physiological suitable one based on natural resources endowment, in the future development, industrial scale, leading enterprises, regional brands, alternative industries, support policies and other factors could be the major shaping power of spatial structure evolution of tea production in Sichuan.

  Heat Resource Change: Contribution to Cotton Yield in Shihezi Reclamation Area 2018, 34 (31):  85-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020021 Abstract + ( 489 )   To study the influence of heat resource change on cotton yield and key period in Shihezi reclamation area of Xinjiang, we collected various data, such as cotton per unit yield and temperature from 1961 to 2015, and the monitoring data of cotton phonological period from 1988 to 2017. We studied the contribution of heat resource to cotton yield in different time periods by means of polynomial separation of the climate yield, climatic tendency rate, simple regression and correlation coefficient analysis and so on. The results showed that: there was a significant increasing trend of heat resource in Shihezi reclamation area; the cotton yield was significantly influenced by the accumulated temperature of ≥10℃, the cotton production period accumulated temperature of ≥0℃, temperature stability through 10℃ both on the first day and last day, the accumulated temperature of ≥10℃ in the sowing and seedling stage and the period from cracked to the end of the growth; what’s more, the reduction of cotton yields was significantly influenced by the accumulated temperature of ≥ 10℃ lower than 3350℃·d, the cotton production period accumulated temperature of ≥0℃ lower than 3650℃·d; the sowing and seedling stage and the period from cracking to the end of the growth were the critical periods of the cotton heat, and their contribution to the cotton yield was 6.59% and 5.95%, respectively. The results can improve the technical management of cotton production in Shihezi reclamation area of Xinjiang.

  Pollution Status and Toxicological Effects of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers in Environment 2018, 34 (31):  91-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080018 Abstract + ( 800 )   Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are brominated compounds with excellent flame retardancy and are widely used in a wide range of applications and applications in a wide range of industrial products. It has been found that PBDEs have bioaccumulation, environmental persistence, biotoxicity and long distance transport properties, having a lasting pollution to the environment. In May 2009, the fourth session of the Conference of the Parties to the Stockholm Convention had classified pentabromodiphenyl ether and octabromodiphenyl ether as new persistent organic pollutants. Many countries have banned it. However, due to the extensive production and use of PBDEs in history, PBDEs and their derivatives (OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs) have been widely found in various environmental media, and their residues have been detected in many places and in organisms Enrichment. This poses a threat to the aquatic ecosystem and human health. At present, scholars are paying attention to the study of polybrominated diphenyl ethers mainly in its migration, transformation and biomolecular toxicity. This paper focuses on the general application of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, residues in the environment and their toxicity to organisms. Put forward some valuable issues. Understand the status of PBDEs pollution and find out its potential threats to biological and ecosystems. In this way, we can provide useful information that can be used to protect the environment.

  Tourism Economy in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture: Characteristics of Spatio-temporal Differences Based on County Scale 2018, 34 (31):  99-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060003 Abstract + ( 527 )   The paper aims to explain the role of spatio-temporal differences of tourism economy in promoting the coordinated development of tourism economy and improving the development level of tourism in Gannan Prefecture. We took 7 counties and 1 city (county-level city) in Gannan as the research object, and analyzed the characteristics of spatio-temporal differences of tourism economy from 2010 to 2016, by using the methods of variation coefficient, Thiel index, and factor analysis. The results showed that: the tourism economy of Gannan presented an upward trend; the absolute difference of tourism economy was gradually increasing, and the relative difference was slowly decreasing; the intra-regional differences gradually narrowed and affected the overall development trend of Gannan’s differences of tourism economy; the differences of tourism economic development level in the 7 counties and 1 city in Gannan had 3 different types of region in space. It is suggested that Gannan should make great efforts to narrow the differences of tourism economy in improving tourism infrastructure conditions, developing new tourism projects and tourism products, strengthening tourism cooperation and expanding publicity channels.

  Soil Nutrient Status and Its Response to Cultivation Years in Watermelon/Melon Field in Jiangsu 2018, 34 (31):  106-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050104 Abstract + ( 499 )   The objective is to understand the soil nutrients’status and the relationship between cultivation years and soil nutrients’content in watermelon and melon production areas of Jiangsu Province. 150 soil samples of different cultivation years were collected from 7 cities, which are the key production areas of watermelon and melon in the southern, central and northern Jiangsu. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and several nutrient content parameters were analyzed. Results showed that the soil pH,EC and nutrient contents differed greatly among different areas. Soil available zinc content varied strongly among the sampling areas, whereas soil pH, EC and other soil nutrients varied moderately. All the 7 cities were rich in soil available phosphorus, potassium and zinc contents but lower in soil available boron content. Both the highest EC and lowest soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents were observed in Yancheng city. Besides, we found a significant and positive correlation between the cultivation years and the contents of soil total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, available zinc and available boron. Overall, the soil available nutrients are adequate in the watermelon and melon production areas of Jiangsu, however, we suggest that the application amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be controlled to some extent while the application of boron fertilizer should be increased.

  Effects of N, P, K Application Rates on Yield, Nutrients Accumulation and Fertilizers Use Efficiency of Open Field Broccoli 2018, 34 (31):  112-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080054 Abstract + ( 712 )   To study the rational N, P, K application rate and propose a scientific fertilization ratio for open field broccoli, the authors investigated the effects of different N, P, and K supplying levels on yield of open field broccoli and N, P, K uptake and accumulation in its overground part in the Yellow River irrigation region of Ningxia, and evaluated fertilizer use efficiency. The results showed that the yield of broccoli significantly increased by the application of N and P fertilizer, however, there was no significant difference among different K fertilizer treatments. Compared with N0 and P0 treatment, there was 23.6%-36.2% and 7.6%-11.5% of economic yield increment by N and P fertilizer application, respectively. N, P, K accumulation amount in overground part of broccoli also significantly increased with rational N, P, K fertilizer application. Fertilizer using efficiency, agronomy efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity all decreased with the increase of fertilizer application amount. Application of 1 kg N, P2O5 and K2O produced 50.9-184.7, 89.3-369.1 and 53.9- 220.2 kg economic broccoli yield, respectively, and the yield significantly decreased with the increase of fertilizer application amount. Both economic broccoli yield and N (R2=0.886), P (R2=0.906) and K (R2=0.794) application rate could be described by quadratic curve relations. With overall consideration of economic yield, nutrients accumulation and fertilizer use efficiency of the vegetable, the N, P2O5, K2O application rate could be proposed as 189.8- 200.0, 79.8- 86.8 and 80.2- 112.5 kg/hm2 for open field broccoli in the Yellow River irrigation region of Ningxia, respectively, and the suitable fertilization ratio ranged from 1:0.42-0.43:0.42-0.56.

  Jujube in Kashgar: Planting Meteorological Condition Analysis and Climate Quality Certification 克日木.阿巴司 2018, 34 (31):  119-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070145 Abstract + ( 17307 )   Based on sunshine duration, relative humidity, wind speed data from the national reference stations of Kashgar and the air temperature, precipitation from automatic meteorological station in Baishikeremu, we analyzed the effects of meteorological conditions and meteorological factors in Kashgar in 2015 on jujube planting and discussed the corresponding measures, studied the climatic suitability zoning indices and climatic conditions for jujube planting in Kashgar, in order to evaluate the climatic quality levels of jujube, determine the main climatic factors affecting jujube quality, and provide a basis for jujube planting techniques and production management. The results showed that: among the meteorological factors in Kashgar in 2015, sunshine was the most conducive to the growth and development of jujube and fruit coloring; there were influences of high temperature and precipitation on the growth and development period of jujube in 2015, and corresponding agricultural measures should be adopted to ensure jujube quality and yield. According to the grade of climatic suitability zoning index of jujube, the climatic conditions of jujube growth of the year and the production management of jujube enterprises, the climate quality grade of jujube in the certified region is excellent.

  Monitoring Indicators of Continuous Rain in Qinghai: Revision and Spatial-Temporal Characteristics 李万志,童玉珍,杨延华 and 刘玮 2018, 34 (31):  125-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010057 Abstract + ( 638 )   Based on the daily precipitation, cloud cover and sunshine duration data from April to October during 1961-2015 derived from the 50 meteorological stations in Qinghai, the paper studied the relationship between cloud cover and sunshine duration, and revises the indicators for the continuous rain monitored, moreover, analyzed the spatial-temporal distribution and the intensity change of continuous rainy days. The results showed that: (1) the monitoring indicators of continuous rain in Qinghai after revising were: the continuous rain days should be equal to or more than 5 days (the daily averaged sunshine duration during this period should be equal to or less than 6 hours), the total precipitation of the process should be equal to or more than 10 mm, and 2 non-rainy days (the daily precipitation less than 0.1 mm) could not appear in this period; (2) the continuous rain days decreased from east to west, and the maximum value could be found in south Qinghai, next in Qinghai Lake area, and the least was in Qaidam basin area; (3) the annual averaged continuous rain days had no significant change trend, but had obvious decadal period which was normal in 1961-1989, less in 1990-2002 and more thereafter; (4) the longest continuous rain days exceeded 8 days and appeared most frequently in June, July and September, and then in August, April and October had the fewest continuous ran days.

  Terrain Effect on Lightning Stroke Probability of Village: A Simulation Study 2018, 34 (31):  131-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080036 Abstract + ( 431 )   Lightning protection is important in ancient village planning and protection, especially for villages listed as Chinese Traditional Village. At present, the research on village lightning protection focus more on qualitative protection method, not much quantitative study has been conducted on the lightning stroke probability of village over different terrains. Based on the method of stochastic simulation, we simulated the lightning channel with Matlab and analyzed the lightning stroke probability of village on plain, in valley and at the bottom of hill. The simulated results showed that: the lightning stroke probability of village on plain was the highest, when the village was at the bottom of hill, the probability decreased, when the village was in valley, the probability was less than that at the bottom of hill. The main reason could be that the high hill around the building intercepted lightning stroke, and the lightning stroke probability of building decreased when it stayed by the hill compared with that stayed in plain. Besides, building with small size and low height could catch side stroke in the simulation, and need attention in lightning protection in village.

  Drought Tendency of the Dry Season in Huizhou: Analysis Based on SPI 2018, 34 (31):  135-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060008 Abstract + ( 511 )   Based on the precipitation data from 4 meteorological stations in Huizhou from 1971 to 2017, the drought tendency from October to March was analyzed using standardized precipitation index (SPI), Mann- Kendall method and wavelet analysis. The results indicated that the precipitation tendency declined from 1971 to 2004 and increased from 2004 to 2017. The drought condition in dry season was normal, while it showed slight drought in seasonal drought, then was medium drought, severe and extreme drought were not found. The conversion of dry and wet in dry season was jumping, and 1975 was the jumping year from wet to dry, and 2015 was the jumping year from dry to wet. The main oscillation cycle was 15 to 32 and 5 to 15 years of dry-wet in dry season, there were seven dry-wet alternation of 10 years scale in recent 47 years, and the isoline (with wavelet coefficient＞0) was not entirely closed, indicating that it would still have a wetting trend in a few years in Huizhou dry season.

  Insecticidal Lamps with Different Spectrum: The Effect on Trapping Pest and Insect Population Structure in Apple Orchard 罗进仓,金社林,, and 2018, 34 (31):  140-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080040 Abstract + ( 635 )   To explore the trapping effects of the insecticidal lamps with different spectrum on pests in apple orchard, and evaluate the effects on insect population structures, the authors carried out a trapping pests experiment in an apple orchard by insecticidal lamps with 3 kinds of spectrum from July to August in 2015 in Tianshui. The results showed that: the insecticidal quantities and insecticidal spectrum of insecticidal lamps with multi- spectrum and LED multi- spectrum were much better than that of the insecticidal lamp with frequency vibration type; the revised natural enemies and pests ratio of the insecticidal lamps with frequency vibration type, multi- spectrum and LED multi- spectrum was 1:16.39, 1:28.57, 1:21.80, respectively; the trapping effect of the insecticidal lamps with LED multi-spectrum on Coleoptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera and Diptera was better than that of the other lamps; parameter analysis of community diversity showed that: the Shannon- wiener index of trapping insect with the 3 kinds of insecticidal lamps was 3.9231, 3.6982 and 3.8134; the evenness index was 0.7082, 0.6399 and 0.6770. The insecticidal lamps with frequency vibration type, multi-spectrum and LED multi-spectrum all show a good control effect on pest in apple orchard, have a little trapping effect on natural enemies and neutral insects. This study provides a basis for scientific use of the solar insecticidal lamp.

  Densities and Types of Traps Against Spodoptera litura: Trapping and Control Effects in Tobacco Field 2018, 34 (31):  147-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080042 Abstract + ( 503 )   The research is to study the trapping and control efficacy of tobacco Spodoptera litura by sex pheromone trap in order to provide a scientific basis for its widespread application in the tobacco field. In the flue-cured tobacco growing season, a field experiment was conducted to study the control effects of different densities, improved and homemade plastic trap bottles on Spodoptera litura, and the temporal dynamics of Spodoptera litura in flue-cured tobacco field was analyzed. The results showed that: two migration peaks of Spodoptera litura occurred during flue-cured tobacco growing periods; with the increase of trap density, the catches per unit area increased, while the catches of single trap reduced, and the dropping rate of Spodoptera litura population increased, and the maximum rate was up to 89.19%; the improved trap could significantly increase the trapping efficiency of sex attractant which could averagely catch 173.67 per trap, which was 57.34 more than that of the traditional traps with significant difference (P＜0.05); trapping efficacy was best when homemade traps with 4500 mL volume was used, and the average trapping number of each pheromone trap was 82.33. With its widespread promotion in Guangdong tobacco- growing areas, the improved traps are recommended as a carrier of pheromone, and trap density in the field with 7.5/hm2 is more suitable, and we should encourage farmers to adopt 4500 mL waste plastic bottles as homemade traps. Using sex pheromone could effectively control Spodoptera litura, decrease the application amount of pesticide, thus to reduce pesticide residues, and could be incorporated into the technical green control system of Spodoptera litura.

  Control Effect of New Multifunctional Sustained-release and Long-lasting Pesticide on Sugarcane Borer and Woolly Aphid 2018, 34 (31):  152-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050158 Abstract + ( 508 )   To screen new multifunctional pesticides which are sustained-release, long-lasting, low-toxic and low-risk to control sugarcane borer and woolly aphid, and explore their accurate and efficient application technology, 10% monosultap·thiamethoxam GR and 1% Bt·clothianidin GR were used for root application in field efficacy trials. The results showed that 10% monosultap·thiamethoxam GR and 1% Bt·clothianidin GR had good control effect on sugarcane borer and woolly aphid, they were new multifunctional pesticides of ideal sustained-release, long-lasting, low-toxin and low-risk, and could used with other pesticides alternately to delay the generation and development of the resistance of pesticides. The optimum dosage of these two pesticides were both 45 kg/hm2. Combined with the sugarcane new planting and ratoon management or‘hilled up’soil between January and July, these two pesticides (45 kg/hm2) were mixed with regular fertilizer (1200-1800 kg/hm2) and applied one time in the sugarcane furrow, stump and the base of stalk, then covered with soil or whole plastic-film mulching. The control effect on borer-damaged dead heart seedling and woolly aphid could be more than 79.2% and 98.8%, respectively. The real yield and sucrose content increased by more than 41555 kg/hm2 and 6.5% compared with that in blank control respectively. These new multifunctional pesticides of sustained-release and long-lasting, which are mixed with base fertilizer and applied in the root one time, are convenient, accurate and effiefficient, labor and time saving, and environment friendly, and could be applied in sugarcane production region.

  The villagers correlation degree and the influence of the characteristic agricultural support 2018, 34 (31):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070078 Abstract + ( 608 )   To study the influence of villager correlation on farmers’support degree of characteristic agriculture, taking Liangzhou district of Wuwei city in Gansu Province as an example, the Likert scale method was used for field research, and the structural equation model was adopted to construct the villager correlation and farmers’support measurement dimension system. The impact of villager correlation on the farmers’ support degree of characteristic agricultural was measured, with a view to improve farmers’involvement in characteristic agriculture and increase farmers’income. The results show that: (1) it is of certain significance that the villager correlation dimension is divided into emotional correlation, cognitive correlation, economic correlation and action correlation, and the farmers support degree is divided into farmer decision support, action support and benefit support; (2) the influence of villager correlation has a significantly positive influence on the farmers’support degree of characteristic agriculture, the level of villager correlation determines the farmers’support degree of characteristic agriculture.