Current issue

• 2018 Vol.34 No.32 Published:20 November 2018

  Cultivation Condition: Effects on Yield and Yield Characters of National Trial Rice‘Yanliangyou 2208’ 2018, 34 (32):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110083 Abstract + ( 639 )   To explore the cultivation measures of the national trial rice‘Yanliangyou 2208’and tap its highyield potential, this study adopted the multi-factor randomized block trial design to analyze the effects of different sowing dates, planting densities and fertilizer amounts on yield and yield characters of‘Yanliangyou 2208’. The results showed that the sowing date, planting density and fertilizer amount had extremely significant effect on the yield and yield characters of‘Yanliangyou 2208’. The yield reached the highest under the interaction effect of A2B2, A2C2 and B2C2 respectively. Under the interaction effect, the yield-related characters were more complicated in different treatments. In general, 1000-grain weight, seed setting rate and effective spike had great correlations with yield potential, and the yield potential tended to be the highest when these correlation characters were the highest among the interaction effects. In‘Yanliangyou 2208’high-yield cultivation, we should take timely sowing, reasonable planting density and focus on water and fertilizer management during grain filling stage, also, nitrogen application should be postponed appropriately. In order to increase grain number per spike and seed setting rate, spike fertilizer should be applied at the time of heading. All these measures lay a foundation for achieving high yield.

  Cropping Pattern of Rapeseed-rice Rotation in Dongting Lake Area: Research Progress 2018, 34 (32):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010063 Abstract + ( 656 )   In order to optimize the resource allocation, and improve the level of light simplified production, the limiting factors and shortcomings of the main planting pattern in Dongting Lake area were discussed. The advantages of cropping pattern of rapeseed-rice in Dongting Lake area were analyzed from four aspects: heat-light resource, combination of utilization and nurturing, product quality and planting efficiency, followed by the description of problems and prospects of rapeseed-rice cropping systems in this area. In a word, the development of rapeseed-rice rotation system is necessary, which is mainly based on no-tillage directseeding, mechanized harvesting and threshing, straw crushing and returning. It will provide reference for optimizing resource and innovating planting mode in Dongting Lake area.

  Diversity Planting Pattern: Effect on Waxy Sorghum Growth and Sorghum Anthracnose 2018, 34 (32):  12-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030074 Abstract + ( 704 )   The purpose of this study was to explain the effects of diversity planting patterns on the growth of waxy sorghum and the control of sorghum anthracnose. It provided theoretical basis for popularizing the cultivation of waxy sorghum and controlling sorghum anthracnose. Waxy sorghum was intercropping with soybean and peanut, and at the same time, applying the technology of crop rotation, the results showed that compared with waxy sorghum monoculture, the diversity planting patterns had certain influence on the agronomic characters of waxy sorghum, such as ear length, 1000-grain weight and panicle grain weight; the net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration in the diversity planting patterns were higher than those of waxy sorghum monoculture, and significant difference with waxy sorghum monoculture; the incidence rate of plant, the severity of the disease and the disease index in the diversity planting patterns were lower than those of waxy sorghum monoculture, and significant difference with waxy sorghum monoculture; the relative control effect of A2B2 planting model was the best, up to 71.95% in the control of sorghum anthracnose. The intercropping pattern of waxy sorghum, soybean and peanut have some influence on the agronomic traits，can improve the photosynthetic ability of waxy sorghum, effectively control the occurrence of sorghum anthracnose, and have great value potential in production.

  Phenotypic Diversity of Local Foxtail Millet Varieties in Shanxi 2018, 34 (32):  19-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110039 Abstract + ( 864 )   To analyze the phenotypic diversity of local foxtail millet in Shanxi, 5627 accessions of local foxtail millet are used as materials, 17 quantitative and qualitative characters recorded in Catalogue of Chinese Millet Varieties, Catalogue of Chinese Millet Genetic Resources and Catalogue of Chinese Millet and Its Millet Crop Varieties, are used as basic data, and the genetic diversity is evaluated. The results show that Shanxi foxtail millet resources are mainly distributed in Datong, Xinzhou, Lvliang, Jinzhong and Changzhi, and which account for 75.7% of the total resources in Shanxi Province. 90% of the foxtail millet resources are Japonica, and the genetic diversity in Yuncheng and Jincheng is the maximum. Shanxi foxtail millet resources have abundant seedling color, panicle type and grain color type, and represent the basic types of China foxtail millet resources. Shanxi foxtail millet germplasm resources have abundant genetic diversity, types and excellent resource, and can provide the material foundation for foxtail millet germplasm innovation and molecular biology research.

  Common Buckwheat Varieties Suitable for Mechanized Harvest in Shanxi Summer Sowing Area: Selection and Related Traits Study 2018, 34 (32):  25-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120103 Abstract + ( 597 )   To select common buckwheat varieties suitable for mechanized harvest and clarify their characteristic traits, we studied the characteristics and yield level of six common buckwheat varieties which are suitable for large-scale planting in Shouyang County. The varieties suitable for mechanical harvest in Shanxi summer sowing area are selected as‘Jinqiaomai No.7’and‘Jinqiaomai No.8’. The traits suitable for mechanized harvest include the lodging grade below 2, the main stem circumference more than 2.1 cm, the number of the second branch below 3.0, the height of the first branch section on the main stem of about 15 cm, the fall grain rate below 10% and the growth period ≤87 days.

  Effects of Narrow Row No-till on Soybean Root, Grain Yield and Quality 2018, 34 (32):  28-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110068 Abstract + ( 428 )   To study the effect of narrow-row no-till on soybean root, grain yield and quality, three treatments were set including 30 cm narrow-row no-till (NT1), 19 cm narrow-row no-till (NT2) and 68 cm traditional tillage (CT). The results indicated that dry and fresh root weight per plant of NT1 and NT2 were significantly lower than that of CT. However, the dry and fresh root weight of group of NT1 and NT2 were significantly higher than that of CT. Narrow-row no-till had significant effects on soybean yield, yield component and agronomic traits, and the grain yield of NT1 and NT2 was 27.8% and 22.1% higher than that of CT, respectively. There was no significant difference in grain protein content, fat content, and total protein-fat proportion among the three treatments. However, significant difference was found in total fat content, total protein content and total protein- fat content. Total fat content and total protein content of NT1 were significantly higher than that NT2, which were significantly higher than that of CT. The total protein- fat content had no significant difference between NT1 and NT2, but it was significantly higher than that of CT.

  Seeding Time: Effect on Growth and Development and Yield of Mung Bean 2018, 34 (32):  34-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030099 Abstract + ( 496 )   为了确定半干旱地区绿豆最佳播种期，研究不同播种期对绿豆生长季的生长发育及产量的影响。本研究通过对突泉县绿豆主栽的‘布鲁克绿1 号’品种在同一地块进行6 个分期播种试验。结果表 明：播种期对绿豆生长发育及产量有明显的影响，6 月9 日前后为兴安盟中南部地区绿豆最佳播种期，此时期空气温度保持稳定升高，幼苗生长状况良好且长势强壮，植株长势整齐，千粒重（质量）相对较多，产量较高。

  Effect of Microbial Ecological Agents on Growth, Root Yield and Quality of Sugarbeet in Continuous Cropping System 2018, 34 (32):  39-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050089 Abstract + ( 582 )   To investigate the effect of microbial ecological agents on growth, yield and quality of sugarbeet in continuous cropping, an experiment was conducted in Linxi county, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2016. Microbial ecological agent LJT1 was sprayed 3 times in beet seedling bed and LJT3 was sprayed 3 times in transplanting field respectively. Results indicated that spraying microbial ecological agents in seedling bed could significantly increase root length, plant height, plant dry weight and seedling quality, while spraying microbial ecological agents in transplanting field could increase leafSPAD value and photosynthesis ability. It is concluded that the application of microbial ecological agents increases the root yield, sugar content and sugar production of beet. Therefore, in sugarbeet planting, especially in continuous cropping system, micro ecological agents can be used to cultivate strong seedlings, improve the photosynthetic ability, reduce incidence of root rot, and then increase the yield and sugar content.

  Ratios of Nitrogen Form Affect Leaf Quality of Oriental Tobacco 2018, 34 (32):  43-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090093 Abstract + ( 491 )   In order to improve the appearance quality, aroma and taste with a satisfied economic gains by commercial released of oriental tobacco cv. Nm6, the impact of method of fertilization and two nitrogen forms on chemical components , aroma related elements and economic traits was evaluated. The results showed that the content of sugar and nicotine in the second treatment (nitrogen form ratios 1.22:0:1, with potassium nitrate as base fertilizer, urea as top-dressing) was at a moderate level, the content of aromas was higher and the color was bright and the taste was alcohol-absorbed. There also observed the highest economic performance when compared to other treatments. This research work suggested that suitable fertilizing method would increase leaf quality and get a sound income from oriental tobacco leaf production.

  Fermentation Characteristics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae WBG3 2018, 34 (32):  49-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110043 Abstract + ( 495 )   By studying the fermentation characteristics of Saccharomyces cerevisiae WBG3, we aim at obtaining a good 2,3-Butanediol (2,3-BD) producing strain. Shake flask fermentation method was used in this study. The substrate concentrations, the dissolved oxygen and the concentration of acid-base in the fermentation process were changed. The key intermediate products (pyruvate, α - acetolactate, acetoin) contents in the 2,3- BD synthesis pathway and the concentrations of fermentation products were detected with the method of UV spectrophotometry and HPLC. The results showed that the S. cerevisiae WBG3 grew well. Under the condition of 80 g/L glucose, 30℃ and 200 r/min, the content of pyruvate,α -acetolactate and acetoin was 0.10±0.03 g/L, 3.38±0.06 g/L and 0.17±0.02 g/L, respectively, and the minimum ethanol conversion reached 0.44±0.02 g/L. After adding acetic acid, the yield of glycerol and the conversion rate of ethanol were reduced by 9.5% and 10%, compared with the control group, and the final yield of 2,3-BD was 0.36±0.02 g/L. Thus,S. cerevisiae WBG3 has the potential for producing 2,3-BD.

  Comprehensive Assessment of Grafting and Breeding of Different-provenance Zelkova Trees 2018, 34 (32):  57-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090036 Abstract + ( 643 )   Aiming at screening out the Zelkova tree’s best way to graft and the best provenance suitable for propagation by grafting, one or two years old branches taken from seven different kinds of Zelkova provenances were used as scions, while four years old zelkova seedings were used as stocks. The survival rates of four kinds of grafting methods (bark grafting, double tongue grafting, cleft grafting and bud grafting) were analyzed. The results show that the average survival rate of stem grafting is 88.7%, which has an obvious advantage over bud grafting (32.4%) in spring, being significantly different at 0.01 level. The bark grafting gains the highest average survival rate in stem grafting methods which is 92.4%, having no significant difference compared with other two kinds of stem grafting methods. Analyses of survival situation between different provenances show that the scions taken from Jvnan（JN）have the highest average survival rate, which is 90.8%, and the subordinative function value is 90.34%. While the scions gathered from Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden (SH) have the lowest survival rate, 62.5%, and the subordinative function value is only 0.01%. The study screens out bark grafting as the best way to graft and scions from Jvnan as the best provenance.

  Genetic Diversity of Primary Core Collections of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Based on Agronomic Traits in Shanxi Province 2018, 34 (32):  61-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100022 Abstract + ( 476 )   The aim is to clarify the main types, the main agronomic traits characteristics and the diversity of types of common bean germplasm resource in Shanxi Province. 152 primary core collections of common bean in Shanxi were used as materials, the agronomic traits were identified in field, 24 traits of the 152 primary core collections were studied with cluster analysis, diversity analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that the 152 primary core collections of common beans were divided into 5 groups. From the view of the diversity of clustering groups,I value based on diversity analysis of the semi-dwarfing+sprawl-purple stem and flower types as well as sprawl-seed stripes was the maximum, whileI value of erect type was the minimum. From the diversity of agronomic traits, the diversities of quality traits were lower than those of quantity traits, but the grain colors were more abundant. Through the principal component analysis, 23 agronomic traits were divided into 7 principal components, and the agronomic traits represented by the 7 principal components were clarified. Finally, the main types of common bean germplasm, diversity characteristics and the agronomic traits of the 7 principal components, which can supply some comprehensive trait indexes for germplasm assessment, were determined.

  Segregation of Ornamental Characters in Red Phalaenopsis Hybrid Progenies 2018, 34 (32):  70-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010124 Abstract + ( 707 )   To study the hereditary law of ornamental characters of Phalaenopsis, and cultivate high-quality varieties, three pairs of reciprocal cross combinations are designed by using five red Phalaenopsis varieties as parents, and the main ornamental characters of hybrid offspring are observed and analyzed. The results showed that flower color, flower diameter, flower number, peduncle height and crown width presented obvious segregation in hybrid offspring. (1) The red color and flower diameter had gradient change, and the genetic regularity of these characters between orthogonal and reciprocal cross was different. When the female parent had deeper flower color and larger flower diameter, the probabilities of offspring with deep color and large flower diameters were higher. (2) The number of flowers in hybrid offspring showed a normal distribution, and the reciprocal cross offspring in the same combination showed significant differences. (3) The crowns of different combinations showed a certain degree of decline. The results preliminarily clarify the separation performance of major ornamental characters in red Phalaenopsis hybrids offspring, and provide references for parents selection and new varieties breeding.

  Seasonal Variation of Catechins Components Content of New Materials of Yunnan Large-leaf Tea 2018, 34 (32):  78-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110114 Abstract + ( 756 )   The study aims to analyze the catechins components of different tea varieties, and explore the seasonal change rule of catechins components of 10 new materials of Yunnan large- leaf tea. The results showed that the components in tea catechins had a certain seasonal change law. The average content order of EC and EGC in spring, summer and autumn was autumn tea>summer tea> spring tea, that of ECG was autumn tea=summer tea>spring tea, and that of EGCG was summer tea>autumn tea>spring tea. In addition to the spring tea material 5 and 8(whose change rule of catechins components was EGCG> EGC> ECG> EC), the change trend of other materials was EGCG> ECG＞ EGC＞ EC, in addition to the summer tea material 3 (whose change rule was EGCG> EGC> ECG> EC), and material 6 (whose change rule was EGCG> ECG= EGC> EC), the change trend of other materials was EGCG> ECG＞ EGC＞EC, and the change trend of all the autumn tea materials was EGCG＞ EGC＞ ECG＞EC. For the 10 materials of the three seasons, the variation range of average content of EC, EGC, ECG and EGCG was 0.73%-1.83%, 1.96%-4.96%, 2.76%-3.22%, and 8.57%-9.57%, respectively. The overall change trend of various components was EGCG> ECG> EGC> EC. The quality average index of catechins material 7 of the three seasons was the highest, and that of material 6 was the lowest. Of the three seasons, summer tea had the highest quality index, followed by spring tea and then autumn tea. In general, among the 10 new materials of Yunnan large-leaf tea varieties selected, there is a significant difference in the content of catechins components among different seasons.

  Improvement Effect of Carbonaceous Materials on Soda Saline Soil 2018, 34 (32):  83-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120006 Abstract + ( 548 )   To study the effect of carbonaceous materials on forage corn growth and the improvement on soda saline soil, and obtain recommended amount of different materials and improve materials for the study area, an experiment is conducted on representative soda saline soil in northern Shanxi Province. We studied the effects of different application rates of four kinds of carbonaceous materials, including weathered coal, biochar, cattle manure and corn stalk. The results showed that the carbonaceous material effectively increased the emergence rate of forage corn. Weathered coal and cattle manure treatments were superior to that of biochar and corn stalk. Fresh grass yield followed a trend of cattle manure> weathered coal> biochar> corn stalk. The application of each carbonaceous material significantly increased the fresh grass yield. Cattle manure and weathered coal treatments had better growth characteristics, and cattle manure 150% opt treatment fresh yield (76.83 t/hm2) and weathered coal 100%opt treatment fresh yield (70.30 t/hm2) were higher than that of the control by 31.12 and 23.49 t/hm2, respectively. By the effect function method, we analyzed the yield of each material, and finally determined the suitable application rate of weathered coal, biochar, cattle manure and corn stalk in the study area was 30.0- 37.5, 24.0- 27.0, 52.5- 63.0 and 54.0- 60.0 t/hm2, respectively. Furthermore, application of carbonaceous material could reduce soil pH value. Weathered coal had the best effect, and the soil pH value was reduced by 0.09-0.66. Different carbon materials had different effects on soil electrical conductivity (EC). Cattle manure regulated soil salt better, soil EC of each treatment was significantly reduced in comparison with control. Carbonaceous materials could also increase soil organic matter and the weathered coal treatment had the best effects. All in all, carbonaceous materials could be used to improve and utilize soda saline soil. The effects of weathered coal and cattle manure applied to soil improvement are better than that of biochar and corn stalk, the recommended amount can effectively improve soil environment and increase crop yield.

  Organic Fertilizers Affect Phosphorus Speciation in Rhizosphere and Vegetable Growth 2018, 34 (32):  90-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100027 Abstract + ( 565 )   This paper focuses on soil phosphorus (P) activation in vegetable field in south China. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different types of organic fertilizers on phosphorus (P) transformation and vegetable growth in typical vegetable soils, thus to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for soil P activation. The results showed that both organic fertilizer and bio- organic fertilizer application raised the yield of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.), and the yield increased most in the treatment of Organic II (chicken manure) and Bio-organic II (chicken manure + iron reducing bacteria), and Resin-P was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the two treatments than that in organic fertilizer treatment and CK. NaHCO3-Pi was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the two treatments than that in the treatment of Organic II, while NaHCO3-Po was not significantly (P>0.05) different between the treatments. Both organic and bio- organic fertilizer application increased NaOH-extracted P which was of medium activity. NaOH-Pi was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the treatment of Bio-organic I (peanut bran+iron-reducing bacteria) than that in other treatments, while NaOH-Po was not significantly (P>0.05) different between the treatments. Both organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer application decreased stable P. Except residual-P, D.HCl-Pi, C.HCl-Pi, and C.HCl-Po were significantly (P<0.05) different between the treatments, and the largest decrease was found in the treatment of Organic II and Bio-organic II. Correlation analysis showed that resin-P was significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and positively related to NaHCO3-Pi, NaHCO3-Po, and NaOH-Pi; NaHCO3-Pi was significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and positively related to NaHCO3-Po and NaOH-Pi; and NaHCO3-Pi was significantly (P<0.05) and negatively related to C.HCl-Po. In summary, application of organic fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer can lower the content of stable P but raise the content of active and medium active P, with the effect of bio-organic fertilizer being the best.

  Influencing Factors of Soil Water Vertical Infiltration Characteristics Based on the Grey Correlation Method 2018, 34 (32):  95-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120032 Abstract + ( 536 )   Soil water infiltration is mainly influence by pressure head, initial soil water content, soil bulk density and grain gradation. In this paper, Study on the influence of these factors on infiltration capacity based on the ponding infiltration experiments in one-dimensional vertical soil colunm，soil infiltration parameters were obtained by Green-Ampt and Philip infiltration model, the influence of the four factors on cumulative infiltration, saturated hydraulic conductivity, stable infiltration rate, wetting front suction and soil sorption rate was studied by grey correlation analysis. Results show that the four factors significantly affected cumulative infiltration, infiltration rate and the parameters of the Green-Ampt and Philip infiltration models. In all treatments, the error of saturated hydraulic conductivity and stable infiltration rate is small, there is a high degree of similarity between the fitted values of soil sorption rate and the calculated values using wetting front suction and the coefficient of determination is greater than 0.85；The results of grain gradation correlation analysis showed that the soil composition correlation degree was the highest(0.946 3), soil bulk density, initial water content is secondly, and pressure head have the least effect (0.726 4). All in all, soil composition plays a dominant role in soil infiltration characteristics, the research results can provide theoretical support for agricultural irrigation and water resources management.

  5 Freeze Injuries Effect on Apple During Flowering Period in Yan ’an 2018, 34 (32):  102-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060040 Abstract + ( 731 )   The paper aims to improve the freeze injury weather warning and disaster prevention level during apple flowering period. Based on the 5 freezing injury weather processes during apple flowering period in Yan’an since 2001, the authors analyzed the temperature, flower freezing rate and apple yield. The results showed that: the freeze injury during apple flowering period in Yan’an had a tendency of advanced date and aggravating influence; the severe cold injury year had the characteristics of earlier first day passed 0℃, obviously high temperature in March, and high accumulated temperature; the indicators of the formation of freeze injury during different phenological phases were different, the whole inflorescence was frozen in the central flower opening period and inflorescence separation period; a few central flowers were frozen when the extreme minimum temperature was -3℃; mild freeze and moderate freeze happened with the lowest temperature ≤-4℃ and ≤-5℃, respectively; at the full-bloom stage, the mild freeze occurred when the temperature dropped to - 3℃; moderate freeze occurred at -4℃ and the severe freeze occurred below -5℃. In the future, the prediction and impact assessment of freeze injury weather during the apple flowering period should not only consider the minimum temperature in the process of freeze injury, but also focus on the phenomenon of the first day passed 0℃, the temperature in March and the active accumulated temperature, and whether the temperature at the early stage is abnormally high.

  Walnut in Longnan Mountain Area: Regionalization of Ecological Climate Suitability 2018, 34 (32):  108-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17080091 Abstract + ( 422 )   By comparing and analyzing the observed data of meteorological and botanical characteristics during the whole growth period of walnut in Longnan mountainous areas from 2012 to 2015, we found that the critical period of walnut growth and the meteorological factors that had the most significant correlation with the growth of walnut were the annual mean temperature, the annual precipitation, the average minimum temperature in April and the average temperature in July, based on which, we set up a zoning indexes system more suitable for the practical ecological climate suitability of walnut in Longnan mountainous areas, and made a zoning map about climate suitability of fine walnut planting based on GIS. The results showed that: the most suitable planting areas for walnut in Longnan were plains, shallow mountains, hills, mountains at the altitude ranging from 1000 m to 1600 m in Kangxian, most regions of Chengxian, central and southern Huixian, southern Wudu, Bailongjiang river basin, southern Wenxian and regions along Baishuijiang river; and the suitable areas for walnut planting were valleys at 900-1000 m altitude and semi-mountainous areas at 1600-1800 m altitude in Kangxian, Chengxian and northern Huixian, Lixian, central and southern Xihe, most parts of Liangdang, certral Tanchang, central Wudu, Bailongjiang river basin, central Wenxian, Baishuijiang river basin and other places. The results provide a basis for guiding the scientific planning, rational distribution, making full use of climate resources to develop walnut industry and preventing and mitigating the loss of meteorological disasters in Longnan mountainous area.

  Microclimate Forecasting Model in Sunlight Greenhouse 2018, 34 (32):  113-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100078 Abstract + ( 465 )   To study the change regulation of microclimate in sunlight greenhouse and establish the forecasting model of microclimate can provide a basis for rational development of greenhouse resources and microclimate control in sunlight greenhouse. We used hourly temperature and relative humidity to form microclimate observation instrument in sunlight greenhouse in Dongling of Shenyang, and calculated daily maximum temperature, daily minimum temperature, daily average relative humidity by the combination of winter, spring, autumn and sunny, cloudy, overcast data, to analyze the microclimate change regulation. And a series of forecasting models based on stepwise regression method were established by using data from automatic meteorological observation station. The results showed that the daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature in sunlight greenhouse of spring and autumn were close, and that of winter was significantly lower than that of spring and autumn, but the daily average relative humidity in winter was higher than that in spring and autumn. The daily maximum temperature reduced from sunny to cloudy to overcast days, characteristics of the daily maximum temperature were not obvious, but the daily average relative humidity increased from sunny to cloudy to overcast days. The stepwise regression forecasting models of microclimate in sunlight greenhouse all passed the significance test, the correlation coefficient was from 0.608 to 0.933, the relative error range was from 0.1% to 19.0%, and the average value of relative error was from 2.7% to 9.9%.

  New Occurrence Characteristics and Control Strategies of Sugarcane Diseases and Insect Pests in Yunnan 2018, 34 (32):  119-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060036 Abstract + ( 525 )   Sugarcane is the main sugar crop in China, and the diseases and insect pests are the greatest threat to sugarcane production. In recent years, the occurrence of sugarcane diseases and insect pests has presented new characteristics. The main changes are: firstly, the common diseases and insect pests are frequent occurred constantly; secondly, the secondary diseases and insect pests are raised to the main diseases and insect pests; thirdly, the diseases and insect pests are mixed occurrence and infection; fourthly, sudden and dangerous diseases and insect pests outbreak frequently, causing a disaster. The causes of new characteristics are analyzed from the source of diseases and insect pests, distribution of sugarcane varieties, climatic conditions and cultivation management. The green control measures of sugarcane diseases and insect pests are provided in this paper. First, strictly enforce the quarantine procedures for the introduced and transferred sugarcane seedling, breed and popularize the disease-resistant and pest-resistant healthy seedling. Second, improve the monitoring and early warning system in sugarcane diseases and insect pests, enhance the safety and scientific use level of pesticides. Third, integrate the technical mode of green control and explore the optimization and promotion mechanism. Fourth, establish and improve the emergency control mechanism, vigorously promote for the large-scale diseases and insect pests prevention. Fifth, innovate the technology training mechanism, publicize and popularize the new technology of plant protection.

  Prevention and Control of Fungicides on Stem Base Rot of Sweet Potato 2018, 34 (32):  125-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070060 Abstract + ( 554 )   To effectively prevent and control sweet potato stem rot, on the basis of the test in 2016, different concentrations of five fungicides or the mixtures of two of the five fungicides were used in field control experiments on sweet potato stem rot in 2017. The results showed that 50% carbendazim 100 times solution was used for soaking the seedlings before cutting, and then applied to the base of the seedlings after cutting, under the cutting from mid-May to early June, the best control effect could be achieved by 3 times continuous spraying with 10 days interval at the stem base from no sweet potato stem base rot to the onset of the disease. The control effect could reach 60.10%, and the yield was up to 18798.61 kg/hm2, which increased by 389.51% compared with the control and was significantly higher than other treatments.

  Effect of Clover Plantation on Weeds Community and Species Diversity in Orchard 2018, 34 (32):  130-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090098 Abstract + ( 747 )   To realize the ecological control of orchard weeds and reduce or avoid the use of chemical herbicides, this study designed two ecological control techniques of white clover and red clover according to the niche estimation and niche competition principle, used clean tillage as the CK, the population quantity, biomass and average height of the orchard weeds were investigated by small samples for two consecutive years. The results showed that there were 34 species of 28 genera and 13 families in the orchards. The Pi of control weeds were 1.001 and 1.000, that of white clover were 0.755, 0.664, 1.001 and 0.945, respectively, and that of red clover were 0.986, 0.889, 0.982 and 0.992, respectively. The species richness (S) and population diversity (H) of white clover were higher than that of control, and the evenness (J) was less than that of control in the first survey, the dominant concentration index (C) was all lower than that of CK. The total numbers of weed of red clover was lower than that of control. This study showed that white clover could change the weed community structure of the orchard, and effectively control the growth of weeds.

  Blood Biochemical Indexes of Holstein Cows in the Lactation and Dry Milk Period in Changping, Beijing 2018, 34 (32):  135-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010051 Abstract + ( 874 )   The aims are to understand the change rule of blood biochemical indexes of Holstein cows in the lactation and dry milk period, and guide the actual production. In this experiment, jugular venous blood of cow was collected with disposable syringe and preserved in 2 mL centrifuge tube, ear number of each cow and sampling date were marked and recorded. After that, blood routine and blood physiological and biochemical indexes in the whole blood with anticoagulant were detected by an automatic blood cell analyzer. The results showed that the number of white cells increased to some extent in the early lactation period (P>0.05). Hemoglobin content had no significant change in the lactation period (P>0.05). Total protein (TP) peaked in the peak lactation period. The number of alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) was the maximum in the early lactation period. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) reduced in the peak lactation period. The content of blood glucose was significantly higher in the peak lactation period than that in other lactation period(P<0.05).

  Bacillus subtilis: Effect on Performance, Egg Quality and Blood Biochemical Parameter of Rugao Yellow Chicken 2018, 34 (32):  139-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070014 Abstract + ( 519 )   The paper aims to study the effect of Bacillus subtilis on performance, egg quality and blood biochemical parameters of Rugao yellow chicken. The authors chose 250 47-week-old Rugao yellow chicken with good body condition and similar production performance, and divided them into 5 groups randomly with 5 repetitions per group and 10 per repetition. The control group Ⅰwas fed with the basal diet and Bacillus subtilis was added with the certain ratio of 0.02%, 0.075%, 0.2%, 0.75% into the basal diet for group Ⅱ-Ⅴ; the experiment lasted 42 days. The results showed that: (1) there was no significant difference between laying rate, average egg weight, average daily egg weight, average daily feed intake and ratio of feed to egg (P＞0.05) in each groups; (2) on the 42nd day, the albumen height of group Ⅴ was extremely and significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01) and was significantly higher than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.05); and the albumen height of group Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05); HA units of group Ⅴ was extremely and significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.01) and was significantly higher than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.05); (3) on the 42nd day, the content of the urea nitrogen of group Ⅳ was extremely and significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01) and was significantly lower than that of group Ⅱ (P<0.05); the content of uric acid of group Ⅳ was extremely and significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.01) and that of group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The basal diet added with Bacillus subtilis can improve the production performance, egg quality, blood biochemical parameters of Rugao yellow chicken, raise the feed digestion rate and reduce the emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus in faeces.

  Physiological Functions and Application Prospect of Bamboo Leaf Flavonoids 2018, 34 (32):  144-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090059 Abstract + ( 885 )   Bamboo leaf flavonoids are a kind of active substances with a wide range of sources, significant efficacy, high application value and promising prospects. In this study, the chemical structure of bamboo leaf flavonoids was described. The functional factors, flavonoid glycosides, have stable structure and can reach the body lesion. Bamboo leaf flavonoids, with anti-oxidation, anti-bacterial, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, radiation protection, and liver protection effects, are worth exploring in human and animal pathology. They can be used as natural feed additives to improve animal immunity and production performance. Moreover, they have good application prospects in medical and health, food industry, and beauty industry. This article provides a reference for the further development and production promotion of bamboo leaf flavonoids in animal husbandry.

  Effect of Moisture Content on NIR Predicted Value of Propylene Glycol in Tobacco Leaf and Casing Uniformity Coefficient 韩明,王建民,,,,, and 王东飞 2018, 34 (32):  150-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090157 Abstract + ( 517 )   The paper had studied the effect of moisture content on the NIR predicted value of propylene glycol in tobacco leaf, and its effect on casing uniformity coefficient. Results showed that (1) the greater the difference in moisture content between testing sample and model sample, the greater the absolute deviation of the predicted value, when the testing sample’s water content is larger than it of the model samples, the predictive value is high; conversely, the predictive value is low. (2) There is a significant linear relationship between the water content and the absolute deviation of predicted value (R2=0.938), therefore, the forecast value can be corrected according to the moisture content. (3) It showed that the evaluation result of the casing uniformity from a same batch cigarettes, because the water content of testing sample was about 1.70% than it of model sample, there is difference of 2.0% between the casing uniformity coefficient calculated according to the predicted value and adjusted value of propylene glycol. In a word, it is helpful to improve the evaluation results of casing uniformity by controlling the influence of moisture content on the NIR predicted value of propylene glycol.

  Determining Flavonoids in Citrus Fruits Using HPLC Standardized Method 2018, 34 (32):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17090007 Abstract + ( 523 )   For determining narigin, hesperidin and neohesperidin in Citrus fruits, a high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was established. The HPLC condition was as follows: Waters Atlantis T3-C18 column (4.6 mm×150 mm, 3 μm) was used at 40℃ with acetonitrile-water containing 0.5% acetic acid (20:80, v/v) as the mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, diode array detector with the detection at 283 nm. The linear range of naringin, hesperidin and neohesperidin was 1- 500 μg/mL (r=0.9999), 1- 500 μg/mL (r=1.0000), 1-500 μg/mL (r=0.9999), respectively. The average recovery was all over 95%. The results of methodological study demonstrate that the method could meet the determination requirements, and is convenient and accurate with good reproducibility, could be used to study the content of flavonoids in Citrus fruits.