Abstract: To clarify the effects of different cultivation modes on the main pests population dynamics in rice, and to provide a theoretical basis for light & simplified cultivation modes, from 2013 to 2015, field positioning tests were adopted to investigate the occurrence number of the main pests population with three cultivation modes in the rice growth season. SPSS 21.0 data analysis software was used to analyze the survey data, and the significant differences among the three cultivation modes were compared. The results showed that, the three cultivation modes had no significant influence on the occurrence of rice planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera) and rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis). By comparing the occurrence and damage of rice stem borers (Sesamia inferens was dominating and Chilo suppressalis was rare), the damage rate of rice stem borers in the field of mechanical direct sowing was relatively high, and remained high at the later stage, which was obviously higher than that of artificial transplanting and machine transplanting (P<0.05). It suggested that when popularizing mechanical direct sowing, we should adjust the sowing time reasonably to avoid the damage of rice stem borers.