Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.4 Published:31 January 2019

  Multivariate Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits and Yield of Edible Sunflower 2019, 35 (4):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010027 Abstract + ( 721 )   PDF ( 1064KB )   ( 363 ) To select new sunflower varieties of high-quality and high-yield which are adaptable to Xinjiang''s climate and planting patterns, using 20 sunflower varieties provided by Shanxi Crops Institute as materials, the correlation analysis, grey correlation analysis, regression analysis, and principal component analysis were conducted to explore the relationship between agronomic traits and yield. The results showed that: (1) the variation range of the main agronomic traits of sunflower was 3.41%-17.9%, the variation coefficient of the average flower disk weight was the largest, then was that of the stem diameter, 100-grain weight and disk diameter, followed by that of the leaf number, the variation coefficient of the growth period was the minimum; (2) there was a highly and significantly positive correlation between the yield and seed setting rate, the growth period was significantly and positively correlated with the number of leaves and stem diameter, the plant height had a significantly positive correlation with the stem diameter, the average disk weight and grain width, and the 100-grain weight had a significantly positive correlation with the average disk weight, the grain length and the grain width; (3) the correlation degrees between the traits and yield of the sunflower varieties were: leaf number> growth stage> grain fullness> face diameter and plant height> stem diameter> kernel rate> seed setting rate> grain length> 100 grain weight> grain width; (4) the key agronomic traits affecting the output of sunflower were mainly seed setting rate and kernel rate.

  Fertilization Modes Affect Soil Nitrogen Loss in Tomato-Cucumber Rotation System and Vegetable Yield 2019, 35 (4):  7-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100050 Abstract + ( 609 )   PDF ( 1203KB )   ( 281 ) Excessive fertilization can cause soil quality decline and serious environmental problems in China. The objectives of this study are to ascertain the effects of different fertilization practices on soil nutrient leaching loss and vegetable yield, and provide a basis for rational fertilization system. A 3- year field experiment was established from 2013 to 2015 in a tomato- cucumber rotation system. Five fertilization treatments, including conventional fertilization (CF), reducing fertilizer application (OF), reducing fertilizer application with straw (OFM), manure (M), and none fertilizer application (CK), were set. The amount and coefficient of soil nutrient leaching loss were determined and the vegetable yields were investigated. The amount of soil total nutrient leaching loss was the greatest in CF, and increased by 87.6-141.8 kg/hm2 when compared with the control. The vegetable total yields increased by 13.9%-130.6% under different fertilizer treatments, and were greater in CF and OFM compared with that of the control. The vegetable yield was restricted by the leaching loss of soil total nutrient, nitric nitrogen in CF, and was restricted by the leaching loss of soil nitric nitrogen in OFM. The mode of reducing fertilizer application with straw could reduce soil nutrient leaching loss and increase nutrients availability to the crop, which is the optimal fertilization scheme in the study area.

  COD in Biogas Slurry: Effects on Cucumber Seedling Growth and Soil Environmental Factors 2019, 35 (4):  15-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060019 Abstract + ( 705 )   PDF ( 1268KB )   ( 364 ) The aims are to explore the limiting factors in the constituents of biogas slurry affecting farmland safe digestion, and disclose the mechanism influencing crop growth. The effects of COD in biogas slurry on soil environmental factors and cucumber seedling growth were monitored by micro-zone test, and the correlations between COD amount, seedling growth, soil nutrients and other ecological factors were analyzed. The results showed that 1566 kg/hm2 COD promoted the growth of seedlings, accelerated the appearance of available phosphorus peaks, and had obvious effect of water retention and heat preservation. 3132 kg/hm2 COD inhibited the growth of seedlings, postponed the supply peak of available phosphorus. The changes of soil moisture, temperature, and electrical conductivity were not conducive to the seedling growth. The correlation analysis showed that the COD in biogas slurry had a parabola correlation with seedling dry matter and N, P and K accumulation of plant. According to curve fitting, the optimal application safety threshold of COD was 1102- 1442 kg/hm2 and the maximum application safety threshold was 2208-2884 kg/hm2. COD amount is the key limiting factor affecting the utilization of biogas slurry on farmland under the condition of equivalent NPK fertilizer, it should be considered when farmland is used as a safe and efficient method to digest biogas slurry.

  Variation Analysis and Mutant Screening of M2 Population of Cowpea Induced by 60Co-γ Ray 2019, 35 (4):  23-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010052 Abstract + ( 523 )   PDF ( 1833KB )   ( 271 ) To obtain the mutagenic material of cowpea, with ‘Zao-sheng-wang’ and ‘Zhanjiang 215’ as tested materials, the dry seeds of 2 cowpea varieties were radiated with 60Co-γ Ray. The fertility of M2 population of cowpea were counted and the variation extent of 7 agronomic characters were analyzed by correlation analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that there were some albino seedlings, puny-maize seedlings and sterile plants of no pollen in the M2 population of cowpea. The coefficient variation of agronomic characters were in sequence of branch numbers> pod numbers > numbers of effective pedicel> first flowering node > maximum pod length> average pod length> flowering stage, which there was very significant positive correlation between the three former mentioned. Maximum pod length was very significantly correlated with average pod length. And flowering stage was very significantly correlated with first flowering node, but very significantly negative correlation with pod numbers. The cowpea ‘Zao-sheng-wang’ and ‘Zhanjiang 215’ in generation M2 were grouped into six groups, and the former character variation rate was 27.49%, the rate of the latter was 24.55%. 33 and 40 mutant was screened from the fertility of M2 population of 2 cowpea varieties. The branch number, pod numbers, numbers of effective pedicel as the key to traits and there were advantageous to get variation individuals. But pod numbers for screening of high yield materials was more important.

  Delayed Cultivation Affects Fruit Mature Period and Quality of Myrica rubra 2019, 35 (4):  33-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010054 Abstract + ( 747 )   PDF ( 1380KB )   ( 405 ) To extend the supply period of fresh fruit of Chinese bayberry, 17 years old trees of‘Dongkui’are used as materials. Insect net and umbrella cloth covering the trees is used for delayed cultivation (DC), single insect net covering is used for insect-proof cultivation (IPC), and trees of open field cultivation is used as control (CK). Fruit ripening date, yield and economic efficiency under different patterns are investigated, and fruit quality is tested for two consecutive years. The results revealed that the ending date of fruit harvest of DC and IPC were delayed for 14 d and 5 d in 2016, respectively, and delayed for 16 d and 4 d in 2017, respectively, compared with that of CK. DC and IPC had better fruit quality and economic efficiency. In the year of 2017, with rainy fruit ripening period, single fruit weight, soluble solids and total sugar of DC were higher than the other two treatments. Therefore, delayed cultivation could achieve delayed maturity, improve quality and economic benefits, and the effect is more significant in rainy years.

  Effect of Different Varieties of Silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium Fertilizer on Banana Yield, Quality and Soil Nutrients 2019, 35 (4):  40-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090143 Abstract + ( 708 )   PDF ( 1137KB )   ( 321 ) To regulate the soil acidity and silicon, calcium and magnesium nutrient content in banana orchards, and improve banana yield and quality, field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of different varieties of silicon-calcium-potassium-magnesium (SCPM) fertilizers on banana yield, quality and soil nutrients. Compared with conventional fertilization, the results showed that the annual production of banana increased significantly by 3.82%-5.64% under the application of 750 kg/hm2 of SCPM fertilizers, but there was no significant difference of yield between different treatments (P＞0.05). The length of banana finger could be significantly increased by SCPM. The results of quality analysis indicated that the application of SCPM were effective to improve the content of vitamin C, soluble sugar and soluble solids in fruit pulp. The use of SCPM could increase soil pH value by 0.12- 0.72 units, and raise the available level of calcium and magnesium in the soil. Comprehensively compared, the gray-powder SCPM fertilizer has the best effect in banana cultivation.

  13 Wild Tea Plant in Mangshan Tea Area: Physical and Chemical Quality Analysis 2019, 35 (4):  46-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030044 Abstract + ( 562 )   PDF ( 1247KB )   ( 268 ) The paper aims to find out the dominant components of 13 wild tea plants in Mangshan tea region for large quantity of cultivation and propagation according to the breeding objectives, and lay a foundation for breeding new varieties of tea plants with strong adaptability. By observing the phenotypic characters of the 13 samples and using UV spectrophotometer method, automatic amino acid analyzer and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we determined the contents of water extracts, soluble sugar, free amino acids, tea polyphenols and catechins. The results showed that: the 13 samples contained high water extract, high soluble sugar, high tea polyphenol, low amino acid and low phenol ammonia ratio. It is speculated that one of the resources is expected to be suitable for black tea and four for green tea, especially MS- 9 tea has high polyphenols and theanine which could be a special and high quality resource for the extraction of tea polyphenols and theanine.

  Relationship Between Naturally Colonized Herbaceous Plant Communities and Environment on Shibahe Copper Mine Tailing of Zhongtiaoshan Mining Area, Shanxi 2019, 35 (4):  54-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080116 Abstract + ( 599 )   PDF ( 1227KB )   ( 333 ) The paper aims to reveal the relationship between naturally colonized herbaceous plant communities and environmental factors on the copper mine tailing. Based on the field plant sample survey on Shibahe copper mine tailing of Zhongtiaoshan mining area, a total of 51 sample plots of naturally colonized herbaceous plant communities were analyzed by using the methods of TWINSPAN, DCA and CCA. The results showed that: (1) the 51 sample plots within the study area were classified into ten associations by TWINSPAN, in which the first 8 communities were belongs to hygrophyte plant groups dominant by Phragmites communis and the last 2 communities were mesophyte plant groups dominant by Salix babylonica (seedlings); (2) the first DCA axis clearly reflected the relationship between the community distributions and soil moisture, soil moisture gradually decreased from left to right along the first DCA axis, and the plant species transited from hygrophyte plants to mesophyte and xero- mesophyte plants; the second DCA axis reflected the change of vegetation life- form, and the naturally colonized herbaceous plant communities changed from annual to perennial plants from bottom to top along the second DCA axis; (3) the first CCA axis was related to the change of soil moisture and conductivity, which reflected naturally colonized herbaceous plant communities transferred from hygrophyte plants to mesophyte plants, and salt-tolerant plants, the second CCA axis was related to species richness.

  Dynamic Evaluation of Land Ecological Status in Rural Areas: An Example of Xinzheng, Henan 2019, 35 (4):  62-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080051 Abstract + ( 524 )   PDF ( 1675KB )   ( 411 ) Taking administrative villages as the assessment unit to analyze the land ecological status and changes in the rural area of Xinzheng, we aims to provide a basis for rational and scientific land use. Based on the platform of GIS and RS, we comprehensively assessed land ecological status in Xinzheng’s two phases rural area by using remote sensing image, statistical report and field survey data, and the multi- factor comprehensive evaluation method. The results showed that: in 2011 and 2014, Xinzheng’s rural land ecological condition was mainly the second level and the first level, respectively, accounting for 58.29% and 43.45% of the evaluation area; in terms of location distribution, the rural land ecological condition of the southern mountainous area was the best, that of the central plain was the secondary, that of the north and the Zhengzhou border area was the worst, presented a three-stage ladder type distribution; the dynamic analysis showed that: during 2011-2014, the village area with a better trend of land ecological situation accounted for 32.61% of the evaluation area, these villages mainly distributed in the southern and eastern regions of Xinzheng; the village area with a worse trend of land ecological situation accounted for 21.14% of the evaluation area, mainly distributed in the central and northern regions of Xinzheng. The distribution and change of land ecological status in the rural areas of Xinzheng lays a foundation for land ecology protection and land rational use.

  Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Qujing Tobacco Leaves and Differences Among Varieties and Altitudes 2019, 35 (4):  69-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080110 Abstract + ( 757 )   PDF ( 1204KB )   ( 279 ) The distribution characteristics of Cu, Pb, Cr, Cd, As and Hg in tobacco leaves from different regions of Qujing tobacco-growing area and the differences between different flue-cured tobacco varieties and different altitudes were analyzed. The results showed that the content of Pb in flue-cured tobacco in Qujing tobacco area was at a high level, and Cu, Cr, Cd, As and Hg were at a low level. Pb is probably the main heavy metal element in flue-cured tobacco in Qujing. The content of heavy metals in flue-cured tobacco was significantly different among different counties in Qujing. The accumulation of heavy metals in flue-cured tobacco was less in Shizong and Luliang, and more in Zhanyi, Xuanwei and Qilin. The content of Pb in Zhanyi was significantly higher than that in other counties, and the proportion of heavy metals in Zhanyi was as high as 100% of the average sample in Qujing. The contents of heavy metals were significantly different among different varieties. The contents of Cu in Yunyan 97 and Cd in Yunyan 105 were the lowest, the contents of Pb in Hongda and Cr in Yunyan 100 were the highest, while the contents of As and Hg were not significantly different among different varieties. The relatively high content of heavy metals in tobacco leaves is Hongda, while Yunyan 97 and K326 are relatively low. The differences of Cu, Cd, Cr and As in flue-cured tobacco did not reach significant levels in different altitude ranges. The contents of Pb in flue-cured tobacco at 2000-2200m and Hg at 1400-1600m were significantly higher than those at other altitudes.

  The First Soaking Rain in Spring in Eastern Qinghai Agricultural Region from 1961 to 2017: Variation Characteristics 2019, 35 (4):  75-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080011 Abstract + ( 606 )   PDF ( 1838KB )   ( 291 ) We analyzed the temporal and spatial variation characteristics and period of the first soaking rain in spring of 2 types of rain-permeable indicators according to the Julian day records and analyzed the relationship between the start date of the rain and the drought, based on the daily precipitation data of 14 meteorological stations in the eastern agricultural region of Qinghai from 1961 to 2017. The results showed that: (1) the first soaking rain in the eastern agricultural region of Qinghai was in an early trend and had obvious inter-decadal variation characteristics; the average start date was from May 6 to 14; (2) the start date of soaking rain gradually advanced from south to north, and the amount of soaking rain decreased from east to west; the start date was significantly and negatively correlated with latitude and precipitation in spring, and the amount of soaking rain was positively correlated with longitude; (3) there was a quasi-6-year oscillation period on the start date of the soaking rain; (4) the SPI index of the eastern agricultural region in the year and spring, summer and autumn did not increase significantly, indicating that the agricultural region as a whole was developing in a humid direction; the start date of soaking rain was significantly and negatively correlated with the spring and year SPI indices, indicating that the later the start date of soaking rain, the greater the likelihood of spring drought and the annual drought was. The first soaking rain in spring is of great significance for the growth of the crops in the semi-arid region and the abundance of the year.

  Chemical Control Times of Sugar Beet Cercospora Leaf Spot 2019, 35 (4):  83-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17100092 Abstract + ( 540 )   PDF ( 1103KB )   ( 235 ) Cercospora Leaf Spot (CLS) of sugar beet significantly influences the yield and quality of sugar beet, and spraying fungicide is a key method to prevent sugar beet from CLS. To prevent CLS, from 2015-2016, five treatments (spraying times: 4, 3, 2, 1, and water as control), four repeats, randomized block design were used. The control effects, root yield, sugar rate and sugar content were investigated, and the optimal prevention time was determined. The results of two years’study showed that the differences among the treatments were significant. However, there was no significant difference of root yield among the treatments. Furthermore, sugar rate of every treatment was significantly different in 2015, but it was not significantly different in 2016, and sugar content ditto. The results exhibit ed that the control effect, root yield, sugar rate and sugar content increased with the increasing of spraying times. All the indexes of 4 spraying times were the highest, and the control effect was the best. Control effect, root yield, sugar rate and sugar content of 4 spraying times in two years were 70.54%, 7.23 kg/m2, 14.91% and 1.15 kg/m2.

  Spatial Distribution Pattern of Kiwifruit Canker Disease on‘Xuxiang’in Field 2019, 35 (4):  88-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090066 Abstract + ( 578 )   PDF ( 1195KB )   ( 264 ) In order to find out the distribution of kiwifruit canker disease in the field, the spatial distribution pattern of the disease was determined by classical aggregation index method and regression analysis method in this study. The results showed that the calculated results of aggregation index were C＞1，I＞0，m*/m＞1，CA＞0，K＞0, which indicated that kiwifruit canker diseased plants showed aggregation distribution in the field, and the basic form of distribution was individual population. According to the Iwao’s model, the optimus theoretical sampling number for fild sampling of kiwifruit canker in different disease density was calculated. The sampling number negativel decreased with the diseas index increasing. The sequential sampling model was , and the optimum sampling square size was determined. The efficiency of investigation sampling was effectively improved through the above research courses.

  Effect of Rice Cultivation Modes on the Main Pests Population Dynamics 2019, 35 (4):  93-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17110006 Abstract + ( 496 )   PDF ( 1072KB )   ( 266 ) To clarify the effects of different cultivation modes on the main pests population dynamics in rice, and to provide a theoretical basis for light & simplified cultivation modes, from 2013 to 2015, field positioning tests were adopted to investigate the occurrence number of the main pests population with three cultivation modes in the rice growth season. SPSS 21.0 data analysis software was used to analyze the survey data, and the significant differences among the three cultivation modes were compared. The results showed that, the three cultivation modes had no significant influence on the occurrence of rice planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens and Sogatella furcifera) and rice leaf roller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis). By comparing the occurrence and damage of rice stem borers (Sesamia inferens was dominating and Chilo suppressalis was rare), the damage rate of rice stem borers in the field of mechanical direct sowing was relatively high, and remained high at the later stage, which was obviously higher than that of artificial transplanting and machine transplanting (P<0.05). It suggested that when popularizing mechanical direct sowing, we should adjust the sowing time reasonably to avoid the damage of rice stem borers.

  Mutual Damages Mediate Host Nitrogen Nutrition and Interspecific Competition Between Myzus persicae and Lipaphi erysimi 2019, 35 (4):  97-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020055 Abstract + ( 556 )   PDF ( 1157KB )   ( 273 ) Myzus persicae and Lipaphi serysimi are the main insect pests of cruciferous vegetables, they are often combined in the same vegetable crops. In order to understand the interspecific interaction and potential competition mechanism of the two species, the mutual damages mediate host nitrogen nutrition andthe life characteristics and population quantity of the two aphid species were studied. The results showed that the cabbage plant damaged by M. persicae can significantly reduce the population quantity, population net reproductive rate, biomass growth rate on the damaged leaves of L. erysimi, as well as the net reproductive rate on the systemic leaves. The net reproductive rate of M. persicae infested on cabbage leaves damaged by L. erysimi was lowered. The content of glutamic acid increased and isoleucine content decreased significantly in cabbage leaves after M. persicae damage, while methionine content increased significantly after L. erysimidamage. The results suggested that changes of amino acids content mediated by M. persicae damage to cabbage plant could inhibit the growth and development of L. erysimi. PolyphagousM. persicae might have higher evolutionary developmental fitness than oligophagousL. erysimi.

  Relationship Between Bemisia tabaci and Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease 2019, 35 (4):  102-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090048 Abstract + ( 637 )   PDF ( 1313KB )   ( 280 ) [Research objective] In order to clarify the occurrence scope of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease (TYLCVD) in Shaanxi Province, the incidence of different cropping stubble, and the effect of Bemisia tabaci on TYLCVD, providing theoretical basis for the prevention and control of virus disease. [Methods] The effect of Bemisia tabaci on the infection cycle of TYLCVD was studied by means of regular field census and artificial inoculation. [Results] The results showed that TYLCVD was generally common in tomato cultivation areas in Shaanxi. The most serious disease occurred in Weinan, Yan"an, Xi"an and Xianyang, with an average incidence of 52.3% and a disease index of 32.6. The disease did not occurred in Hanzhong. The summer stubble disease was the most serious, with an average incidence of 94.8%, an average disease index of 53.8, and an average yield reduction of 74.0%, autumn stubble and winter stubble were the second, and early spring stubble was the least harmful. The occurrence period of Bemisia tabaci coincided with the virus disease. The virus epidemic occurred in the field 20-25 days after the occurrence of Bemisia tabaci at low density, and in the field 10-15 days after the occurrence of high density. An individual tomato with a single veneniferous Bemisia tabaci could cause tomato infection virus. With the increase of the population density, the incidence and degree of disease increased in turn. After being infected with TYLCVD for 15 minutes, the Bemisia tabaci can transmit the virus and cause 23.9% non-toxic plant diseases. The susceptibility rate reached 95.6% after 720 minutes and the transmission efficiency was positively correlated with the time of poisoning. [Conclusion] In Shaanxi Province, TYLCVD is serious in Guanzhong area. The most serious disease is found in summer stubble, followed by autumn stubble and winter stubble. The density, toxicity and virulence efficacy of Bemisia tabaci are the key factors for transmission of TYLCVD. Effective cutting off the transmission of Bemisia tabaci and avoiding the occurrence peak of Bemisia tabaci are the scientific basis for formulating the control strategy of TYLCVD.

  Weed Biological Control Technology: Research Progress 2019, 35 (4):  108-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010004 Abstract + ( 524 )   PDF ( 1120KB )   ( 328 ) Biological control technology against weeds in farmland is a hot topic of agricultural research, and it has the advantages of safety, environmental protection and health, and could control weeds based on ecological relationship, pathogenic microorganism, and allelochemical. In the future, biological control against weeds will be an important way in organic agriculture. The paper reviews main ways, theory and research progress of biological control against weeds, points out existing problems, and discusses the development perspective of biological control against weeds.

  Temperature Field Distribution and Application of Double-span and Double-film Covered Plastic Greenhouse 2019, 35 (4):  116-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080022 Abstract + ( 594 )   PDF ( 5006KB )   ( 314 ) The paper aims to study the temperature field distribution and insulation performance of a new double-span and double-film covered plastic greenhouse. It was based on the temperature and light recording data from GL820 insulated multi- channel data recording, medium- length color paperless recorder, photoelectric total radiation sensor V2.0 in the new double-span and double-film covered plastic greenhouse on March 8, 9, and 10, 2016. The MATLAB software was used to fit the two-dimensional temperature field and image rendering. The results showed that 06:01 had the minimum temperature inside the greenhouse. The lowest temperature was March 9> March 8> March 10. 08:01 to 12:01 was the temperature rising period. On March 8 and 10, 12:01 to 16:01 had the highest temperature inside the greenhouse, and on March 9, 14:01 to 16:01 had the highest temperature inside the greenhouse. The greenhouse temperature at 22:01 was March 8 and March 10> March 9. The temperature rose from the lower part of the greenhouse at 09:01 on the cloudy day March 8 and the cloudy and sunny day March 9. The upper part of the greenhouse warmed up faster from 2:01 to 16:01. The upper part of the greenhouse cooled faster from 20:01 to 22:01. The temperature rose from the upper part of the greenhouse from 9:01 on the sunny day March 10. 12:01 to 16:01 had the highest temperature for 3 days, and the lower part of the greenhouse started to cool down at 18:01. The temperature in the upper part of the greenhouse was the lowest from 20:01 to 22:01. When the greenhouse temperature was the lowest or the highest, the temperature of highest point on the top of the greenhouse was corresponding to the greenhouse temperature. During the night from 00:01 to 08:01, the soil temperature was relatively low. The soil temperature under 10 cm was March 8> March 9> March 10. From 07:00 to 8:00 on March 10, the soil temperature under 10 cm was the lowest (11.3℃). There was a big gap between the light intensity inside and outside the greenhouse, and the light intensity was March 10> March 8> March 9. The thermophilic fruit vegetables could be planted in the middle of February in double- span and double- film covered plastic greenhouse, 25- 30 d earlier than the single- film plastic greenhouse. It has obvious advantages in arly planting in spring.

  A Structure Design Based on WiFi for Indoor Intelligent Vegetable Soilless Cultivation 2019, 35 (4):  125-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020066 Abstract + ( 725 )   PDF ( 1269KB )   ( 317 ) By using internet and new materials technology, the structure of indoor intelligent soilless cultivation is designed based on WiFi. The whole structure consists of tubular soilless cultivation device, environmental factor device, and spray cultivation device. The tubular soilless cultivation device is mainly composed of cultivation pipes, supports and fixed cup, the spray cultivation device is mainly composed of nutrient liquid culture barrels, automatic timing water supply equipment, nutrient liquid intake pipes and reflux pipes, air pumps, sprinklers, etc. The device of environmental factors is composed of individual system of temperature, humidity, CO2 and light. The temperature, humidity, CO2 concentration and light in the structure are important factors affecting vegetable growth and development. By WiFi, the groove of these factors can be achieved for the growth and development of vegetables.

  Optimization of Extracting Total Flavonoids from Portulaca oleracea L. by Ultrasonic Method and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant and Antitumor Activities in Vitro 2019, 35 (4):  130-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090056 Abstract + ( 547 )   PDF ( 1177KB )   ( 395 ) To explore the optimum extraction process of flavonoids from Portulaca oleracea L. by methanol leaching-ultrasonic assistance and evaluate its antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. Based on single factor experiment, methanol concentration, extraction temperature, solid- liquid ratio and ultrasonic power were enrolled in this experiment, and the extracting ratio of total flavonoids was used to evaluate the extraction process. The extraction process of total flavonoids from P. oleracea L. was optimized by orthogonal experiment. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity of flavonoids was assessed by scavenging assays of DPPH· and ·OH. The viability of human lung cell line A549 was detected by MTT assay. The optimal extraction process was as follows: liquid-solid ratio of 1:50, water bath temperature of 80℃, ultrasonic power of 200 W, 90% methanol as extraction solvent, extraction time of 30 min, extraction of 2 times. The extraction rate of total flavonoids from P. oleracea L. was 6.37% under the optimal condition. The scavenging rate of DPPH· was 89.80% at 4.0 mg/mL, while the scavenging rate of ·OH was 86.07% at 20 mg/mL. The inhibition rate of cell A549 proliferation was 74.62% at 420 μg/mL, which had no significant difference from that of the positive drug group. The flavonoids from P. oleracea L. are extracted efficiently by the above optimized technology and the total flavonoids exhibit antioxidant and antitumor activities.

  Geniposide and Crocin Ⅰ in Different Parts of Gardenia: Extraction Technology and Content Determination 2019, 35 (4):  136-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010160 Abstract + ( 683 )   PDF ( 1199KB )   ( 294 ) To optimize the extraction process, we used an orthogonal experiment to evaluate the extraction of geniposide and crocin I from different parts of gardenia by ultrasonic, reflux and microwave methods, and at the same time, established an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of these two components. The results showed that the extraction effect of the microwave method was the best. The optimum extraction process from pericarp was: extraction temperature was 80℃, time was 25 min, the ratio of material to liquid was 1:15, and the concentration of ethanol was 95%. The optimum extraction process from kernel was: the extraction time of 30 min, the ratio of material to liquid of 1:20, the temperature of 80℃, and the concentration of ethanol of 75%. The HPLC separation was performed on a Waters WATO54275-C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) column eluted with the mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid, the flow rate was 1 mL/min. The detection wavelength of geniposide and crocin I was 238 and 440 nm. The HPLC results showed that the highest contents of geniposide and crocetin I in the pericarp of gardenia‘Linhai-1’was 13.53 and 3.3 mg/g, respectively. The highest contents of geniposide and crocetin I in the kernel of gardenia‘Linhai-1’was 44.64 and 7.72 mg/g, respectively. The above results have certain reference value for the germplasm evaluation and the development and utilization of different parts of gardenia.

  Quality and Safety of Schizophyllum communeh Fermented Tea 2019, 35 (4):  143-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030072 Abstract + ( 722 )   PDF ( 1079KB )   ( 278 ) The coarse and old sun-dried green tea was used as the raw material, and inoculated schizophyllumcommuneh for solid-state fermetation to comparatively studied quality and safety before and after. The results showed that the comprehensive score of schizophyllumcommuneh fermented tea was 31% higher than that of the raw material, the quality improved markedly, and the color of the soup changed from yellow-green to orange-red, the old taste was disappeared, the taste became mellow, the smell of schizophyllumcommuneh added, and the taste became more harmonious. The effect of acute oral toxicity test of schizophyllumcommuneh fermented tea and raw materials in mice was the same. After the mice were given the test substance, they observed for 14 days, and all survived with increased weight. The maximum tolerated dose (MDT) was ?greater than 15000 mg/ (kg·bw), which was 150 times equivalent to the adult average daily dose of 6g [100 mg/(kg·bw)]. According to the standard of acute toxicity test, schizophyllumcommuneh tea is a kind of non-toxic tea beverage as the same as the raw material.

  County Economy in Gansu: Spatio-temporal Evolution Based on Entropy Weight TOPSIS and ESDA 2019, 35 (4):  147-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030112 Abstract + ( 613 )   PDF ( 2441KB )   ( 189 ) The paper aims to reveal the economic development of Gansu. We took a total of 87 regions (86 counties and Jiayuguan) in Gansu as the research unit and selected 12 related indexes, including the per capita GDP, the proportion of the second industry and proportion of the third industry and so on, to establish a comprehensive evaluation system of the county economic development level, and evaluated the economic development level of every region in Gansu during 1995-2015 from the aspects of time and space by using the methods of entropy TOPSIS and ESDA. The results showed that: from 1995 to 2015, the economy of Gansu increased significantly, but it was still in a slow development stage compared with the level of economic development across the country; the differences of the county economy in Gansu was obvious, the top and bottom counties did not change significantly during 1995-2015, Lanzhou and Hexi area had a higher level of development, county development level was low in Longzhong and Longnan, the pattern was“strong constant strong, weak constant weak”; the spatial autocorrelation was significant and the low value clustering was more significant; the hotspot analysis showed that: the county economy of Gansu had obvious monocular economic spatial structure, and the area with high development level had little effect on the surrounding cities, and the regional difference was obvious.

  Activity-based Costing Analysis of Greenhouse Vegetable Factory Production According to Value Chain Theory 2019, 35 (4):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090009 Abstract + ( 660 )   PDF ( 1380KB )   ( 294 ) To obtain the accurate cost information of greenhouse vegetable factory production, value chain theory and activity-based costing are introduced into the greenhouse cost management research. Greenhouse operation center and operation motivation were designed for the greenhouse activity cost chain, combined with the greenhouse vegetable agronomy characteristics. Three kinds of vegetables, including bean, cabbage and chrysanthemum were planted in greenhouse of Lin’an, Zhejing Province from autumn and winter 2017-2018. The cost collection, cost distribution, cost quota, cost of product were calculated, and their value assignment was analyzed. It was shown that compared with the traditional cost method, the twist amount of these 3 kinds of vegetables was 0.04, -0.43 and 0.53, respectively. Their difference rate reached 3.33%, -18.14% and 30.11%, respectively by using activity-based costing. The method helps identify the value operation in greenhouse value chain, and can accurately measure the cost of operation, which can be used as a cost accounting method of greenhouse agriculture. This research is an exploration for the transformation of greenhouse cost management from extensive to lean.