Abstract: The paper aims to study the effect of average winter temperature on the growth and development of winter wheat in Xifeng loess plateau. We analyzed the change law of average winter temperature anomaly and its effect on the development period of winter wheat, based on relative data from 1981 to 2016. The results showed that: the highest average winter temperature was - 0.5℃ in 1999, 2.3℃ higher than that of normal years, and the lowest value was -4.9℃ in 1985, 2.1℃ lower than that of normal years; in general, the average winter temperature was low in the 1980s, high in the 1990s, and also high in 2001-2016; the average winter temperature anomaly increased with the increase of the age at a rate of 0.05℃/a; the average winter temperate was inversely correlated with the development period of winter wheat, the most significant anti-correlation was heading and milking stages, with a correlation coefficient of -0.50, followed by jointing stage, the correlation coefficient was -0.49. The development period of winter wheat after jointing stage was earlier than normal years in warm winter, and later than normal years in cold winter.