Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.10 Published:03 April 2019

  Plant Spacing Configuration: Effects on Yield Formation and Grain Quality in Saline-Alkali Paddy Field 2019, 35 (10):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110032 Abstract + ( 942 )   PDF ( 924KB )   ( 270 ) To optimize the population structure of rice planting in saline-alkali paddy field, and improve the yield of rice,‘Jijing 809’was used as the material, split-plot experiment design was carried out, and the effects of different population structures on the agronomic characters and the appearance quality, milling quality and cooking quality of rice grain were studied. The results showed that: the yield, the grain number of the first branch, the grain number of the secondary branch and the total grain number per panicle of A3B2 treatment increased by 31.4% , 16.1% , 18.9% and 6.3% compared with the control A4B3. The effective panicles and plant height decreased by 24.5% and 4.5% compared with the control A4B3. The interaction among planting and row spacing had significant effect on yield and effective panicles, and had no significant effect on the total grain number, the filled grain number and 1000-grain weight. Different planting and row spacing had no significant effect on yield, the total grain number and the filled grain number, and had significant effect on effective panicles. The head rice rate of A3B2 was higher than that of the control. With the increasing of row spacing and plant spacing, the degree of chalkiness and rate of chalky grains decreased, which had less effect on protein and amylose, and the variation ranges was 6.54% to 7.16%, and 17.2% to 19.3%, respectively.

  Combined Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium: Effects on Nutrients Acquisition and Yield Traits of Summer Maize with Super-high Yield Potential 2019, 35 (10):  7-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120070 Abstract + ( 923 )   PDF ( 1027KB )   ( 657 ) To study the effects of balanced and combined application of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and separate reduction of N, P, and K on nutrients acquisition and yield traits of super-high yield summer maize in Hebei,‘Zhengdan 958’is taken as the material, conventional plant nutrients test and yield traits analysis are conducted. The contents of N, P and K at different growth stages and the yield at mature stage are determined. Compared with CK, balanced application of N, P and K (T), and separate reduction of N (T-N), P (T-P), and K (T-K) increased the accumulation of N, P and K at various growth stages, growth phases and the whole growth stage, and also increased the absorption rate, yield spike numbers, and per-1000 grain weights. The accumulation of N, P and K, absorption rate and yield under T-N, T-P, and T-K treatments decreased obviously compared with the T treatment, the largest reduction was found in T- N, followed by T-P, and then in T-K. The uptake rates of N, P, and K of plants in various treatments displayed a curve with a single peak, the highest value of N and P was from ear formation to silk stage, and the highest value of K was from jointing stage to the ear formation stage. The amounts of N, P2O5, and K2O for per 100-kg grain of summer maize of all the treatments were 2.07-2.81 kg, 0.67-0.83 k, and 2.21-2.52 kg, respectively. Among the treatments, the N, P and K amounts used for producing per unit grain were higher than that of CK. The results suggest that the balanced combination of N, P, and K is benefit for the improvement of plant nutrients accumulation, plant biomass production, dry matter accumulation and yield formation in super high summer maize.

  Effects of Cotton-peanut Intercropping System on Yield and Economic Benefit in Saline-alkali Soil 2019, 35 (10):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110122 Abstract + ( 900 )   PDF ( 885KB )   ( 900 ) To optimize cotton and peanut crop pattern and improve comprehensive economic benefit per unit area of land in sulphate saline- alkali soil, cotton‘Lumianyan37’and peanut‘Huayu36’were used as materials, in the sulphate saline-alkali soil in Gaotang County, yield, land equivalent ratio per area, planting cost and economic benefit were analyzed through two-year field trial. The results showed that the yield of cotton and peanut had interannual difference under local climatic conditions, and the land equivalent ratio, the total economic benefit, the total cost and the net economic benefit of cotton peanut 2:4 and 4:8 cropping pattern were relatively high, and those of cotton peanut 4:8 cropping pattern were the highest. The large and small intercropping system of cotton peanut 4:8 and annual rotation could be chosen as the best allocation for cotton-peanut compound cultivation.

  Combined Application of Chemical Fertilizers with Organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Tobacco Variety‘Yunyan97’ 2019, 35 (10):  20-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120031 Abstract + ( 1067 )   PDF ( 952KB )   ( 261 ) To screen optimum combination of chemical fertilizers and rapeseed cake organic fertilizer, and improve the quality of‘Yunyan97’, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of four combinations on its yield and quality. The results showed that the mix of 20% rapeseed cake organic fertilizer (360 kg/hm2) and 80% inorganic fertilizer (399 kg/hm2 base fertilizer+90 kg/hm2 topdressing) was optimal for the yield and quality, and markedly lower the soil- borne disease of ‘Yunyan97’ (P<0.05), the chemical composition coordination of tobacco was improved by 14.4% on average, and the smoking quality was improved by 5.90%. On average, and the yield, output value, average price per hectare, and the proportion of middle and superior tobacco leaves of the flue-cured tobacco were increased by 8.39%, 13.17%, 4.41% and 6.93%, respectively.

  Different Dosages of Silicon Calcium Potassium Magnesium Fertilizer Affect Soil Nutrients and Tobacco Quality 2019, 35 (10):  25-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010133 Abstract + ( 1183 )   PDF ( 886KB )   ( 282 ) With ‘NC102’ as the test material, different dosages (CK、T0、T750、T1125、T1500) of silicon calcium potassium magnesium fertilizer gradient treatment were set up under the condition of the field to determine the indexes with the methods of systematic sampling, which invested the effect of the new soil conditioner on soil nutrient and leaf quality in tobacco field and explored the role of silicon calcium potassium fertilizer in the improvement of acidified soil, hoping to repair the soil environment, improve the tobacco growth and tobacco quality, and guide the quality production management of tobacco. Experimental results showed that T1125 (i.e., silicon calcium potassium magnesium fertilizer 1125 kg/hm2) g6t the best treatment effect, the soil pH of which increased by 0.3 units, the potassium content of leaves increased by 0.3 percentage points, the output value increased by 4091.7 Yuan per hectare, the average price increased by 1.5 Yuan/kg, and the proportion of fine tobacco increased by 3.0 percentage points.

  Drip Fertilization Under Plastic Film Affects Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Panzhihua 2019, 35 (10):  30-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010037 Abstract + ( 811 )   PDF ( 1001KB )   ( 248 ) The study aims at the effect of drip fertilization under plastic film on yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco in Panzhihua, Sichuan Province. A field experiment of random blocks with six kinds of fertilization and three repeats was conducted. The results indicated that compared with conventional fertilization (T1), drip fertilization under plastic film could relieve the drought problem encountered in tobacco production of Panzhihua, and promote the growth and agricultural characteristics of tobacco plant. By adopting drip fertilization under plastic mulch, the cut of N and P fertilizer by 15 and 18 kg/hm2 (T5), respectively, will not cause the decrease of yield and output value. However, the simultaneous cut of N, P and K fertilizer(T4) or the reduction of N and P fertilizer by 23 and 21 kg/hm2(T6) will cause the reduction in yield and output value. By adopting the treatment T2 and T5, the content and ratio of chemical compositions of tobacco leaves are coordinated and closer to the appropriate one of high quality tobacco. Therefore, on the basis of the conventional application rate of fertilizers, the cut of N and P fertilizer by 15 and 18 kg/hm2 is the suitable scheme of drip fertilization under plastic film in Panzhihua.

  Crop Continuous Cropping Obstacles: Research Progress 2019, 35 (10):  36-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110045 Abstract + ( 1270 )   PDF ( 947KB )   ( 1053 ) With the increase of population, limited land resources and relatively concentrated crop production areas, crop continuous cropping has become a common trend in China. However, as the number of years of continuous cropping increases, the quality and yield of crops have been affected to varying degrees. Therefore, a series of obstacles caused by continuous cropping has become a key factor restricting sustainable agricultural production, and has attracted wide attention by countries from all over the world. This article briefly summarized the three aspects of the performance, causes and reduction techniques of continuous cropping obstacles, and discussed the future research direction in order to provide some references for the related research.

  Quality Identification of Shawo Radish Planted in Greenhouse 2019, 35 (10):  43-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120033 Abstract + ( 832 )   PDF ( 973KB )   ( 232 ) To choose the suitable greenhouse for planting Shawo radish, we measured the length, diameter, weight, soluble solid, reductive vitamin C, dry matter content, and flesh-firmness of radish samples, which were planted in different greenhouses during 2016-2017. The results show that the quality of Shawo radish in cold greenhouse is better than that in warm greenhouse, considering the length, diameter, weight, soluble solid and flesh-firmness; the content of reductive vitamin C of samples in cold greenhouse is higher than that in warm greenhouse after being stored for up to one week in refrigeration storage; the loss rate of moisture content of Shawo radish planted in cold greenhouse is lower than that in warm greenhouse. Therefore, cold greenhouse is more suitable for planting Shawo radish.

  Fulvic Acid Formulated Liquid Fertilizer: Effect on Greenhouse Cucumber Yield and Quality 2019, 35 (10):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120108 Abstract + ( 857 )   PDF ( 1015KB )   ( 367 ) To study the effect of fulvic acid liquid formulated fertilizer, developed by the Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resource, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, on cucumber crop and quality in greenhouse cultivation, fulvic acid liquid formula fertilizer was applied during the whole growth period of cucumber in greenhouse cultivation. CK treatment (farmers’conventional fertilization) was set up, and the fertilizer efficiency test was conducted. The results demonstrated that top dress fulvic acid liquid formulated fertilizer under the same environmental condition and field management condition could significantly increase the yield of cucumber. During the whole harvest period, T1 treatment (fulvic acid liquid formulated fertilizer) had cucumber yield of 336063 kg/hm2, which was 16.38% higher than that of CK treatment. The nitrate content and total acid content of cucumber fruits of T1 treatment were lower than those of CK treatment at the beginning, the peak and the end of fruit harvest. The difference of total acid content was significant. The soluble solid content, reducing sugar content in fruit and plant height of T1 treatment were higher than those of CK treatment at the three stages. The difference of plant height was significant.

  Effects of Cell Volumes of Trays on Seedling Index, Leaf Photosynthic Electron Transport and Root Growth of Vegetable Seedlings 2019, 35 (10):  52-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120016 Abstract + ( 1054 )   PDF ( 1102KB )   ( 286 ) The paper aims to research the effects of different cell volumes of trays on tomato, cucumber and broccoli. We investigated the effects of four types of trays (32- cell, 50- cell, 72- cell and 105- cell with volumes of 110, 55, 40 and 32 cm3, respectively) on the seedling index, leaf photosynthesis and root growth in tomato, cucumber and broccoli seedlings. The results showed that the seedling index was decreased in 105- cell trays for all the three kinds of vegetables. Compared with seedlings grown in 32-cell trays, the seedling index in 105-cell trays was decreased by 67.45%, 42.20% and 68.22% in tomato, cucumber and broccoli, respectively. However, the seedling index of tomato plants grown in 32-cell, 50-cell and 72-cell trays had no significant difference and so did the seedling index of cucumber plants. The seedling index of broccoli was significantly higher in 32-cell trays compared with that in 50-cell and 72-cell trays (P<0.05). In comparison with plants in 32- cell trays, the actual photosynthetic efficiency (ΦPSII) of vegetable seedlings decreased significantly in 105- cell trays (P<0.05), which was due to the reduce of qP. Interestingly, there were no significant differences in ΦPSII among vegetable plants grown in 32-cell, 50-cell and 72-cell trays. Compared with plants grown in 32-cell trays, the root dry mass of tomato, cucumber and broccoli grown in 105-cell trays was decreased by 65.21%, 57.69% and 76.03%, respectively. Meanwhile, the total root volume was decreased by 51.24%, 27.86% and 70.30%, respectively, and the number of apical was decreased by 67.40%, 29.23% and 67.87%, respectively. These results indicate that the 105-cell tray limits the root growth, reduces the leaf photosynthetic electron transport rate, and thus decreases the crop biomass and seedling index. Fortunately, the above results are not found in 50-cell and 72-cell trays, which are suitable for industrialized cultivation.

  The Change Law of Stem Flow Rate of Fuji Apple Tree Under Drip Irrigation 2019, 35 (10):  58-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110059 Abstract + ( 831 )   PDF ( 1075KB )   ( 319 ) The purpose is to understand the change law of stem flow rate of Fuji apple tree compactly planted with dwarfing rootstock, and to provide a theoretical basis for formulating a rational dry-farming water-saving irrigation system. The stem flow rate data were collected in real time by thermal dissipation probe method, combined with the meteorological factor data obtained from automatic weather station monitoring, the drip irrigation test with different lower irrigation limits was designed. The effects of meteorological factors on stem flow rate were studied. The lowest average value of stem flow rate was 2.07 mL/(cm2·h)], and the highest value appeared in June and July, it was 9.56 mL/(cm2 ·h)]. During the growth period, the stem flow rate showed obvious diurnal variation, which presented a single-peak curve in sunny day, a relatively gently change in wet day, and a multi-peak curve in cloudy day. The variation law of stem flow rate was significantly and positively correlated with solar radiation intensity, atmospheric temperature and soil temperature, and the correlation coefficient was 0.9746, 0.9389 and 0.9119, respectively; but it was a significantly negative correlation with atmospheric relative humidity, and the correlation coefficient was -0.7526. There was no significant correlation between stem flow rate and soil moisture, but the decrease of soil moisture content would reduce stem flow rate. The correlation between stem flow rate of Fuji apple and meteorological factors ranked from high to low as the solar radiation intensity＞atmospheric temperature＞soil temperature＞atmospheric relative humidity＞soil moisture. With stem flow rate as the dependent variable and each meteorological factor as the independent variable, the regression equation between stem flow rate, solar radiation intensity and atmospheric temperature was obtained through stepwise regression linear analysis: Y=- 8.81 + 0.013X1 + 0.52X2. The solar radiation intensity is the direct factor that affects stem flow rate (transpiration water consumptionin).

  Economic Value and Landscape Ecological Value of Oil Tree Peony: Research Status 2019, 35 (10):  66-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010025 Abstract + ( 1284 )   PDF ( 904KB )   ( 418 ) Oil tree peony, which has greatness of fruiting quantity,is used as peony groups that produce seeds and process edible oil or peony plants in the oil yield of more than or equal to 22% of species collectively. Oil tree peony, as the development of woody oil crops in China, has high economic value, ecological value and social benefits. In addition, Peony seed oil,with remarkable economic value,is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and α-linolenic acid.The peony flower is large in size, the single flower is large, which has high ornamental value; Oil tree peony has the features such as cold, drought and barren resistance,and is the economic tree of greening.This paper mainly introduces the research and utilization of oil tree peony,economic value, landscape ecological value and development prospects, and provides reference for our country to promote the scale of oil tree peony and build an industrial system.

  The Caryopsis of Beckmannia, Alopecurus and Phleum in China: Micromorphology 2019, 35 (10):  72-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100122 Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 1509KB )   ( 330 ) Beckmannia, Alopecurus and Phleum are common and widespread genera of Poaceae subfamily Pooideae. The morphological characteristics of caryopsis of 6 species from Beckmannia, Alopecurus and Phleum including in China were observed by using scanning electron microscopy after being coated with gold in a sputter coater in order to infer the taxonomic significance of caryopsis micro- morphological characteristics. The results showed that: (1) the caryopsis micromorphological features of Beckmannia, Alopecurus and Phleum were 1-2 mm long, fusiform or oval shape, compressed dorsal abdomen or not, concave or convex abdomen, round or lanceolate to linear hilium shape, reticular or strip ornamentation; (2) the caryopsis characters were analyzed by PAUP using UPGMA methods; in the tree, Beckmannia and Alopecurus clustered together, Phleum formed another branch. The caryopsis micromorphological evidences suggest that Beckmannia and Alopecurus have a closer relationship.

  Effects of Shading on Main Nitrogen Compounds in Fresh Leaves of Tea Plant 2019, 35 (10):  76-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120107 Abstract + ( 825 )   PDF ( 1071KB )   ( 247 ) Aiming at improving the quality of fresh tea leaves, effects of shading on the main nitrogen compounds of fresh tea leaves, including caffeine, soluble protein and free amino acids, were investigated. The tea plants were treated with varied levels of shading (0%, 33%, 42%, 51%, 53%, 70% and 89%) and varied time (12, 21 and 65 days), then the contents of main nitrogen compounds in fresh leaves were measured. Compared with the control group (i.e., 0% shading), no significant difference was observed in caffeine content in fresh leaves that treated with 65 days and 42% shading, but the caffeine content increased in other treatments. For example, the caffeine content in fresh tea leaves with treatment of 89% shading was 16.95% and 54.41% higher than that in control groups at 12 and 21 days, respectively. Besides, when the fresh tea leaves were treated with 53% or 51% shading for 12 days, the content of soluble protein was 13.91% and 17.88% higher than that in control group, respectively. Except 33% shading treating group, the total amounts of free amino acids increased after 12 days, and that of the group with 70% shading increased by 22.31% compared with the control. Therefore, in early spring time, fresh tea leaves treated with 50%-70% shading could increase the contents of main nitrogen compounds.

  Biochar: Adsorption Property to Pb2+ in Aqueous Solution 李建华,,, and 2019, 35 (10):  82-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110048 Abstract + ( 1000 )   PDF ( 1304KB )   ( 301 ) Aiming at the problems of soil Pb2 + pollution in Shanxi, we conducted a research to select an environmentally friendly and recyclable biomass material. Taking the biochar prepared from agricultural waste (wheat straw and peanut shell) as the material, we determined the optimal conditions affecting the adsorption by equilibrium adsorption method. The results showed that: when the initial concentration of Pb2 + was 200 mg/L, the optimum adsorption condition was the biochar adding amount of 8 g/L, the pH value of 3-7, and the shock of 360 min at 25℃, and the best adsorption effect was achieved with the adsorption amount of 24.85 mg/g and the removal rate of 99.38%. The adsorption of Pb2+ by this kind of biochar accords with the second-order kinetic equation and the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model, and R2 reaches 0.9994 and 0.9985, respectively. This study shows that the biochar prepared from the wheat straw and peanut shell has a good removal effect on Pb2+ under certain conditions.

  Population carrying capacity evaluation of grain cultivated land in Hebi 2019, 35 (10):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110047 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 1261KB )   ( 1747 ) To study the population carrying capacity of grain cultivated land in Hebi City at present and in the future, the population and grain production in Hebi City were predicted through linear regression analysis, and three food consumption levels were set up, including subsistence, well-off and richness. Based on this, the cultivated land grain population of Hebi City was evaluated with land resources carrying capacity model. The results showed that the grain output of cultivated land in 2006-2016 could fully meet the population demand of the whole city and also had a certain surplus. In 2017- 2030, the grain population carrying capacity of cultivated land will not overload in the food consumption level of subsistence and well-off, and there will be a certain amount of grain surplus, which can feed 405000 people and 163300 people extra respectively; in 2017- 2030, the carrying capacity of cultivated land will slightly overload in the food consumption level of richness, and there will be a small shortage in grain supply of 14200-15000 t. Thus, it is of great significance to protect cultivated land quantity and improve cultivated land quality and grain yield in Hebi City in the future.

  Average Winter Temperature in Xifeng Loess Plateau: Effect on the Development Period of Winter Wheat 2019, 35 (10):  95-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120122 Abstract + ( 791 )   PDF ( 1111KB )   ( 256 ) The paper aims to study the effect of average winter temperature on the growth and development of winter wheat in Xifeng loess plateau. We analyzed the change law of average winter temperature anomaly and its effect on the development period of winter wheat, based on relative data from 1981 to 2016. The results showed that: the highest average winter temperature was - 0.5℃ in 1999, 2.3℃ higher than that of normal years, and the lowest value was -4.9℃ in 1985, 2.1℃ lower than that of normal years; in general, the average winter temperature was low in the 1980s, high in the 1990s, and also high in 2001-2016; the average winter temperature anomaly increased with the increase of the age at a rate of 0.05℃/a; the average winter temperate was inversely correlated with the development period of winter wheat, the most significant anti-correlation was heading and milking stages, with a correlation coefficient of -0.50, followed by jointing stage, the correlation coefficient was -0.49. The development period of winter wheat after jointing stage was earlier than normal years in warm winter, and later than normal years in cold winter.

  Apple at Initial Flowering Stage in Ansai Mountainous Area: Prediction Research 2019, 35 (10):  99-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110016 Abstract + ( 858 )   PDF ( 1192KB )   ( 317 ) In the mountainous area of Ansai, the frost hazard occurrence at apple initial flowering stage is frequent, and the prediction of the initial flowering stage of apple is carried out to provide guidance for agricultural production and reduce disaster losses. By using the derivation method of linear regression equation, we analyzed the biological zero, active accumulated temperature and effective accumulated temperature at flowering stage of apple in Ansai mountainous area, explored the correlation between the accumulated temperature of each 10-day period 50 days before the initial flowering and the initial flowering stage, and tested and predicted the initial flowering day by using the regression equation of the relevant significant accumulated temperature. The results showed that: the 10-day average accumulated temperature and maximum accumulated temperature in the 4 10- day periods before the initial flowering stage were significantly correlated with the initial flowering day; and the biological zero of 10-day average temperature was 2.9℃; according to the test, the prediction accuracy rate of the initial flowering day in 2006-2015 was relatively high; the forecast value of the initial flowering day in 2018 was consistent with the actual observed value. The regression equation of the average accumulated temperature and maximum accumulated temperature in the 4 10-day periods before the initial flowering stage of apple can be applied to the forecast of initial flowering stage in future, which can provide a basis for the prevention of meteorological disasters in the flowering period of apple.

  Correlation Analysis and Prediction Model of Citrus grandis‘Tomentosa’ Initial Flowering Period and Meteorological Factors 2019, 35 (10):  104-107.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100121 Abstract + ( 804 )   PDF ( 1205KB )   ( 282 ) This thesis aims to study the flowering rule and predict the flowering time of Citrus grandis ‘Tomentosa’, thus to provide a meteorological service basis for ornamental activities of C. grandis‘Tomentosa’ cultural festival. The correlation between the initial flowering period of C. grandis‘Tomentosa’and meteorological factors was analyzed by using the phenological observation data of C. grandis‘Tomentosa’from 2012 to 2018 and the meteorological observation data of the same period, and the prediction model of the initial flowering period of C. grandis‘Tomentosa’was established. The results showed that the initial flowering period of C. grandis‘Tomentosa’had a high correlation with temperature, sunshine, rainy day and maximum temperature in certain months. The surface average temperature (X1) in January had the greatest influence on the initial flowering period of C. grandis‘Tomentosa’, followed by sunshine hours (X2) in October last year and the average minimum temperature (X3) in late January. By stepwise regression method, the prediction model of the first flowering period of C. grandis‘Tomentosa’was obtained: Y=122.0427- 2.9445X1- 0.1341X2- 0.7358X3. Using this model, the initial flowering period of C. grandis‘Tomentosa’was measured, the error was 0- 1 day, and the accuracy was high. The initial flowering date of C. grandis ‘Tomentosa’ in 2018 was predicted. The difference between the predicted value and the observed value was 1 day, and the predicted value was basically consistent. The established prediction model can accurately predict the initial flowering period of C. grandis‘Tomentosa’in Huazhou.

  Impact of Climate Change on the Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Vegetation Coverage in Baoji Area 2019, 35 (10):  108-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010053 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 1667KB )   ( 489 ) Vegetation coverage change and its response to climatic factors is a long-term and complicated dynamic process. This research is based on the MODIS NDVI data and temperature and precipitation data of 11 meteorological stations of Baoji Meteorological Bureau, the relationship between the spatial and temporal variation of vegetation cover and annual mean temperature and precipitation in Baoji area in recent 13 years is analyzed by the trend and correlation analysis method. The results showed that: (1) the average annual NDVI in Baoji area increased at a rate of 0.025/10 a in recent 13 years, which was faster than that of vegetation cover from 1982 to 2006 in the Three-north Forest Protection, and there were two high recovery periods in 2001- 2002 and 2003-2004; (2) high value areas of NDVI for years were concentrated in the southern Taibai County between the Taibai River and the Xu River; areas along the Qianhe River and the“ribbon”area in Baoji section of Weihe River basin including Baoji City, Baoji County, Fengxiang, Qishan had the lowest vegetation cover; (3) vegetation cover in the whole area was positively correlated with temperature and precipitation, the picture elements significantly and positively correlated with temperature accounted for 15.016% (P<0.05), and the picture elements significantly and positively correlated with precipitation accounted for 16.872% (P<0.05).

  Snowfall in Heilongjiang: Climatic Change Characteristics 2019, 35 (10):  114-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110002 Abstract + ( 1043 )   PDF ( 1820KB )   ( 336 ) To grasp the climatic characteristics of snowfall in Heilongjiang for better forecast and disaster prevention and mitigation, based on the daily precipitation data and daily weather phenomenon data of 62 stations in Heilongjiang from 1961-2015, we analyzed the snowfall characteristics and climatic trend. The results showed that: the increase tendency of annual mean snowfall in most regions of Heilongjiang was obvious, but the decrease tendency was obvious in the east of the Greater Khingan Mountains; the days of moderate snow and heavy snow and snowstorm all increased, among them, the increase tendency of moderate snow days and heavy snow days were obvious and that of snowstorm days was not obvious, but the light snow days decreased obviously; the average beginning date of snowfall was mainly from late September to October, showing a slightly late trend; however, the average ending date of snowfall was generally from mid-April to early May and was earlier gradually.

  Heat Resources in Heilongjiang: Spatio-temporal Characteristics 2019, 35 (10):  121-127.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110021 Abstract + ( 686 )   PDF ( 2411KB )   ( 354 ) To provide a basis for the rational development and utilization of heat resources in Heilongjiang, based on daily air temperature data and DEM data from 79 observations during 1961-2017, we analyzed the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of heat resources by adopting 5-day sliding average method, lineartrend estimate, the Kendall-Theil method and GIS. The results showed that: the accumulated temperature steadily above 10℃ in Heilongjiang during 1961- 2017 increased significantly by 27- 101℃ · d/10 a; the increasing trend in the north of the Lesser Khingan mountains (from Heihe, Wusun to Xunke, Jiayin) was greater than that in Mohe, Tahe of the Great Khingan mountains and most of the Sanjiang plain. The lowest average temperature showed a significant upward trend, the average temperature was the second, the linear trend of the highest average temperature did not change significantly; and the rising trend of the lowest average temperature in winter was significantly higher than that in summer. Heat resources are generally rich in the Songnen plain and Sanjiang plain, and poor in the Great Khingan mountains, the Lesser Khingan mountains and Zhangguangcai mountains.

  9 Herbicides Used on Stems & Leafs: the Control Effect on Weeds in Peanut Field and Safety Assessment 2019, 35 (10):  128-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120074 Abstract + ( 879 )   PDF ( 1273KB )   ( 438 ) The paper aims to evaluate the control effects of 9 herbicides on weeds in peanut field and safety of peanut. We carried out field trials by using stems & leafs treatments. The results showed that: the treatments of 240 g/L imazapic AS 72 g/hm2, 500 g/L trifludimoxazin SC 150, 300 g/hm2, 480 g/L bentazon AS 2160 g/hm2, 10% fluoroglycofen-ethyl EC 60, 120 g/hm2, 70% metribuzin WP 577.5, 1155 g/hm2 had good control effect on weeds in peanut field with the value above 90%, but the treatments of 500 g/L trifludimoxazin SC 150, 300 g/hm2, 75% halosulfuron-methyl WDG 45, 90 g/hm2, 70% metribuzin WP 577.5, 1155 g/hm2 had poor safety for peanut with the plant height significantly lower than that of artificial weed treatment. Therefore, spraying 240 g/L imazapic AS, 480 g/L bentazone AS, and 10% fdluoroglycofen-ethyl EC on stems & leafs in peanut field is safe to crop and has good control effect on weeds.

  Effects of Paclobutrazol on the Growth of Tobacco Seedlings and Rearing of Myzus persicae and Aphidius gifuensis 2019, 35 (10):  133-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110125 Abstract + ( 713 )   PDF ( 1149KB )   ( 271 ) The paper aims to investigate the effects of paclobutrazol on the growth of tobacco seedlings and rearing of Myzus persicae and Aphidius gifuensis, to improve the reproductive efficiency of A. gifuensis. In this experiment, using tobacco as the host of M. persicae to rearing A. gifuensis, three different concentrations of paclobutrazol were used to treat tobacco seedlings, and the different treatments were compared with the control. The growth of main stem height and maximum leaf area of tobacco seedlings, reproductive numbers of M. persicae and A. gifuensis were determined after different treatments with paclobutrazol. The results showed that, paclobutrazol treatment could significantly inhibit the growth of main stem of tobacco seedlings, the best results was the treatment of 400 times. The growth of leaf area of tobacco seedlings was also significantly inhibited, the effects of 400 times and 200 times were similar. There was no significant difference in the reproductive numbers of M. persicae and A. gifuensis among all treatments. More than 400 M. persicae could be reached on each tobacco seedling, reproductive A. gifuensis could also reach more than 200. All could achieve ideal reproductive effect. Paclobutrazol can significantly inhibit the growth of main stem and leaf area of tobacco seedlings, it is beneficial to the lodging resistance of the tobacco seedlings and reducing humidity between tobacco seedlings, and can improve the rearing effect of M. persicae and A. gifuensis. It has good popularization and application value in rearing A. gifuensis on a large scale.

  Land Cover Information Extraction of Dalinuoer Wetland Nature Reserve Based on GF-1 Satellite Data and Object-oriented Classification 2019, 35 (10):  137-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040059 Abstract + ( 659 )   PDF ( 1567KB )   ( 288 ) Based on domestic GF-1 remote sensing imagery, taking the Darinor Wetland Nature Reserve as the research area, we extracted land cover remote sensing information by adopting object-oriented and traditional visual interpretation classification methods, and compared and analyzed the results, verified the accuracy of the object-oriented classification results by using the confusion matrix. The results showed that: (1) spectral information of GF-1 remote sensing images was fully utilized, and the object-oriented classification method with trial-and-error to determine the optimal segmentation scale of 550, and the shape and compactness factors were 0.6 and 0.5, and each band weight was 1; (2) the overall classification accuracy of object-oriented classification was up to 98.22%, and the KAPPA coefficient was about 0.96; (3) land cover information of relatively complex types was extracted by the object-oriented classification method quickly and accurately, which provided a reference for accurate and rapid extraction of land cover for the inland wetland to provide technical specifications for wetland remote sensing operational monitoring.

  Comparison Study on Land Surface Temperature Retrieval Algorithms Based on Landsat 8 Remote Sensing Image 侯宇初 and 2019, 35 (10):  142-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120100 Abstract + ( 1272 )   PDF ( 1756KB )   ( 544 ) With the free sharing of data, remote sensing data of Landsat 8 satellite series has become one of the important data of surface temperature inversion. Based on the land surface temperature inversion algorithm of Landsat8 data, this paper selected Mohe City in Daxing''anling area as the research area. Inversion of surface temperature by different methods based on Landsat8 thermal infrared band, such as radioactive transfer equation algorithm, mono-window algorithm, and split-window algorithm. Exploring the law of surface temperature distribution in high latitudes, and use measured geothermal data for verification. The result presents that the fitting effects of the three surface temperature inversions in this study area are good, and the temperature error is around 1°C.Among them, the result of the radiation transfer equation algorithm is more accurate, it can provide some reference value for summer surface temperature inversion and frozen soil degradation in high latitude areas.

  A Bibliometric Analysis of Research on Pesticide Residue in Tea of China and Other Countries 2019, 35 (10):  148-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010110 Abstract + ( 827 )   PDF ( 1509KB )   ( 286 ) In this paper, I conducted a literature review for the studies of pesticide residue in tea between 1997 and 2017, applying bibliometric methods. I searched the China Journal Full-text Database (CJFD) and Web of Science Core Collection by the items of number, journal, keywords and core paper, and presented a statistical analysis of search results. The results showed that: (1) the number of publications of pesticide residue in tea in Chinese journals increased as time went on, the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and Xiamen University were the top two institutes, Chen Zongmao, Wang Qinghua and Liu Xin were the top three authors, and China Tea and Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology were the top two journals, ranked by the number of publications. (2) The number of publications of pesticide residue in tea in English journals increased as time went on, whereby China and India were the top two countries in publications, Liu X, Chen H P and Fang C L were the top three authors, Food Chemistry, Journal of Aoac International and Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry were the top three journals, ranked by the number of publications. Future studies should focus on improving the detection methods and exploring the transfer process of pesticides to tea brew.

  Evaluation of county development index based on Rural Revitalization background 2019, 35 (10):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120001 Abstract + ( 950 )   PDF ( 1236KB )   ( 486 ) We screened 20 evaluation factors reflecting the reality of poor mountainous areas in combination with Delphi method and principal analytic hierarchy process (AHP), established an evaluation system of rural revitalization at county level, and analyzed the rural revitalization development index and obstacle degree in Mabian county. According to the rural revitalization development index, the 20 townships in Mabian were divided into three echelons for finding out the imbalance and difference of regional development. The obstacles affecting the revitalization of Mabian rural areas were ecological suitability (45%), industrial development level (34.3% ), living standard (10.7% ), rural governance (5.1% ) and rural culture (4.9% ). Firstly, we should establish the concept of ecological development and build an ecologically livable village; secondly, we should select advantageous and characteristic industries to speed up the pace of agricultural modernization; thirdly, we should continue to carry out custom-changing activities to improve the level of rural culture; fourthly, we should activate the elements of‘talent, land and capital’to form a virtuous circle of industrial convergence.