Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.11 Published:15 April 2019

  Diversity Analysis of Wx Gene Sequence of Local Rice Varieties in Guizhou 2019, 35 (11):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120005 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 1531KB )   ( 256 ) To study the correlation between rice flavor quality and Wx genotype of Guizhou local rice germplasm, genotype analysis and diversity identification of Wx gene of 88 local rice varieties were conducted by using specific primers. The results showed that 66 varieties were WxⅠ, including 59 accessions of Guizhou graminoid germplasm. 15 varieties were Wx Ⅱ, including 11 accessions of Guizhou graminoid germplasm. 7 varieties were Wx Ⅲ, including 1 accession of Guizhou graminoid germplasm. Among Guizhou graminoid germplasm (CT)n, (CT)18 and (CT)20 were the main types. The first intron+1 site was T, (AATT)n was 5, which indicated that most of Guizhou graminoid germplasm were low-amylose content cultivars, and it was closely related to the local residents’dietary habit. Although WxⅡ graminoid germplasm were non-waxy varieties, they can also be used as excellent materials for rice breeding, because the CT repeats are over 16, the first intron+1 site is T, the amylose contents are between Wx I and WxⅢ.

  Controlled N Release Urea Combined Application Affects Plant Nitrogen Absorption and Yield of High-yield Summer Maize 2019, 35 (11):  7-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120071 Abstract + ( 1014 )   PDF ( 1340KB )   ( 1201 ) The nitrogen (N) fertilizer with controlled N release can effectively enhance N uptake and utilization of plants and improve the yield formation capacity. In this study, the effects of different controlled N release urea combined applications under equal nitrogen condition on nitrogen absorption and yield are studied by a field experiment. The results showed that compared with CK (no N fertilizer applied), all the N treatments including T1 (regular N treatment of urea) and T2 to T5 (controlled N release urea) enhanced NR, GS activity, plant dry matter, N accumulation amount, uptake rate, yield formation factor, yield and N fertilizer use efficiency. Compared with T1, treatments from T2 to T5 displayed lower activities of NR and GS, plant dry matter, N accumulative amount and uptake rate at stages of jointing and ear formation, but they were increased after spinning stage. Among the treatments from T2 to T5, NR and GS activities increased with the elevation of controlled N release fertilizer amount; plant dry matter and N accumulative amount increased with the increase of controlled release urea in stages of jointing and ear formation, but showed single peak curve in spinning, filling and maturity stage, and were the highest in T3. With the increase of controlled release urea, N accumulative amount and uptake rate were increased at the filling stage to maturity stage. Compared with T1, the spike numbers, per-1000 grain weight and yield of treatments from T2 to T5 were increased, and were the highest in T3 (50% controlled release urea of base application + 50% urea of dressing at ear formation stage). In addition, harvest index of T3 and T4 was significantly higher than that of T1. The results indicate that suitable controlled release urea application as base fertilizer (50%) and urea dressing ear formation stage (50%) could coordinate N demand in different growth stages, promote N uptake and utilization, as well as improve the yield formation capacity.

  Water Stress Affects Protective Enzyme Activity and Relative Conductivity of Spring Soybean 2019, 35 (11):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120117 Abstract + ( 900 )   PDF ( 1204KB )   ( 271 ) To study the effects of water stress on the protective enzymes activity and relative water content of soybean leaves, three soybean varieties,‘Heinong 57’,‘Improved 168’and‘Suinong 26’, are used in pot water control experiment. Moderate drought, severe drought and suitable moisture treatment are set up. The results showed that: (1) the activity of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase increased first and then decreased under suitable water condition, and the catalase activity and relative conductivity decreased; (2) the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were as follows: moderate drought>severe drought>suitable moisture, and the differences were significant, the peroxidase activity in each period and relative conductivity at seedlingflowering stage were as follows: severe stress > moderate stress > suitable water, and the differences were also obvious. (3) Under drought stress, the activities of peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were as follows: ‘Heinong 57’>‘Improved 168’>‘Suinong 26’, the catalase activity among varieties had no significant difference. In conclusion, under drought stress, the activity of protective enzymes and relative conductivity in spring soybean leaves are higher than that under suitable water condition, reflecting the self-regulation ability of spring soybean to drought environment.

  Response of Performance Index of Spring Soybean Canopy to Cultivation Patterns 2019, 35 (11):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030144 Abstract + ( 754 )   PDF ( 1269KB )   ( 198 ) To construct a reasonable canopy structure of soybean and increase the soybean yield per unit area, and to solve problems of soybean cultivation technology as unclear group structure canopy performance indexes and unreasonable field management measures, main popularized variety‘Hefeng 50’in Heilongjiang Province was used as the material, the canopy structure, dynamic characteristics of canopy light radiation and yield indicators of soybean population under different cultivation patterns were analyzed, to determine reasonable canopy indexes of different cultivation techniques of soybean at different growth stages. The results showed that small and wide ridge close planting were the high yield patterns and the yield was 3840.15 and 3456.0kg/hm2, respectively. With the soybean growth, the population leaf area index gradually increased and the index was 6.69 and 6.67 at seed filling stage, respectively. The average leaf dip angle of small ridge showed a low – high - low tendency, and the wide ridge close planting showed a decreasing trend, which was 27.99° and 32.89° at seed filling stage, respectively. The penetration coefficient of scattering and direct radiation both showed a decreasing trend, which was 0.008 and 0.00, respectively, in small ridge close planting, and 0.01 and 0.003 in wide ridge planting at seed filling stage. The extinction coefficient of small and wide ridge close planting increased with the increase of vertex angle gradually in different stages, it was 1.07 and 1.12 at the angle of 67.5 in seed filling period. Therefore, wide and small ridge close planting can be the main planting patterns of soybean cultivation in the black soil area of northeast China.

  Effects of 60Co-γ Ray Irradiation on Roegneria Seed Germination 2019, 35 (11):  24-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030160 Abstract + ( 811 )   PDF ( 1381KB )   ( 428 ) To investigate the suitable dose of 60Co-γ ray irradiation for Roegneria, three species of Roegneria (R. kamoji, R. ciliaris, R. japonensis) were used. The mutation treatment contained 8 doses: 0(CK), 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 and 400 Gy. Dose-response equation of germination energy, seedling height, germination index, vigor index was set up by‘Multi-target single-hit’model, and medial lethal dose and lethal dose were estimated by the dose-response equation respectively. The results indicated that there were some differences of medial lethal dose among R. kamoji, R. ciliaris and R. japonensis, their mean values were R. kamoji 69.91- 121.93 Gy, R. ciliaris 143.24 Gy and R. japonensis 172.51-176.81 Gy. This study provides certain references for mutation breeding of Roegneria herbage.

  Litters of Pinus massoniana and Quercus glauca: Effect on Eupatorium adenophorum Growth 丁雷 2019, 35 (11):  30-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120081 Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 2596KB )   ( 342 ) The paper aims to explore the reason that Eupatorium adenophorum is more under Pinus massoniana forests and less under Quercus glauca forests in field. Taking seed germination parameters (germination rate, bud length, root length and fresh weight) and the seedling growth parameters (plant height, maximum leaf area) as evaluation index, the authors studied the effects of the litter cover and water extract on the seed germination of Eupatorium adenophorum and the growth of its seedlings on the basis of indoor potted tests and field simulation. The results showed that: (1) the influence of the cover under Pinus massoniana forests on the seed germination and the growth of Eupatorium adenophorum seedlings was greater than that of uncover, but with no significant difference; (2) the cover under Quercus glauca forests seriously inhibited the seed germination and the growth of Eupatorium adenophorum seedlings; uncover had no influence on the germination rate but obviously inhibited the growth of the seedlings; (3) the water extract of Pinus massoniana had almost no influence on the seed germination and seedling growth, and the water extract of Quercus glauca intensely inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth except the seed germination rate. The main reasons for the significant density differences of Eupatorium adenophorum under Pinus massoniana forests and Quercus glauca forests are: the needle litter cover of the former can keep soil moisture and permeability and litter decomposition provides soil nutrients suitable for the growth of Eupatorium adenophorum; the broadleaved litter cover of the latter cannot keep permeability and litter decomposition releases allelochemicals that inhibit the growth of Eupatorium adenophorum.

  Hydrogen Sulfide: Effect on Growth, Accumulation of Flavonoid and Polyphenol in Betula platyphylla Suspension Cells 2019, 35 (11):  37-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120099 Abstract + ( 741 )   PDF ( 1262KB )   ( 165 ) To investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the growth and the accumulation of flavonoid and polyphenol in Betula platyphylla suspension cells, the hydrogen sulfide donor sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) is added to the suspension culture system of Betula platyphylla for 8 days. pH meter, conductivity meter and ultraviolet spectrophotometer are used to analyze the pH value, conductivity, cell viability, malondialdehyde, catalase (CAT) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) activity and the contents of flavonoids and polyphenols. After NaHS treatment, the pH value in Betula platyphylla suspension cells decreases, and the conductivity increases, the content of malondialdehyde, CAT and PAL enzyme activity, the content of flavonoids and polyphenols in the suspension cells of Betula platyphylla increase, while the cell viability basically declines. The NaHS treatment has a concentration and time effect on the growth of the suspension cells, and the contents of flavonoids and polyphenols. The contents of flavonoids and polyphenols are the highest with 1 mmol/L NaHS treatment for 24 h, which is 128.57% and 136.89% higher than that of the control, respectively. NaHS treatment could promote the accumulation of flavonoid and polyphenol in the suspension cells of Betula platyphylla.

  Effect of applying plant ash on rhizosphere soil microbial quantity and functional diversity of flue-cured tobacco 2019, 35 (11):  43-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120034 Abstract + ( 979 )   PDF ( 1396KB )   ( 2149 ) The application of plant ash is aimed at improving the soil microbial community structure, reducing the soil-borne diseases caused by the degeneration of the soil itself and better maintaining the balance of the soil ecosystem. A field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of applying plant ash on rhizosphere soil microbial quantity and functional diversity of flue-cured tobacco using plate culture method and Biolog technique. The results showed that the application of plant ash all significantly increased the amounts of bacteria, actinomycetes and the total microbes in rhizosphere of flue-cured tobacco, while the number of fungi decreased slightly at 35 d, 55 d and 75 d after transplanting respectively, the difference was not significant. Meanwhile, the utilization of carbon sources (AWCD) and six types of carbon sources in rhizosphere microbial communities of flue-cured tobacco was also significantly higher than that of the control during the periods mentioned above. The diversity indices (Shannon index, Simpson index, Evenness index and Richness index) of the rhizosphere soil microbial treated by plant ash were increased in all periods, and the difference was significant at 35 days after transplanting. Principal component analysis also suggested that the difference between the plant ash treatment and the control was obvious in principal component coordinate system with the plant ash treatment distributing in positive direction of PC1 while the control distributing in negative direction, indicating significant differences in soil microbial functional diversity. The above results showed that applying plant ash significantly improved the microbial community structure and functional diversity in rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants.

  Influence of Ridging Direction on Production of Flue-cured Tobacco in Mountainous Area 2019, 35 (11):  51-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040129 Abstract + ( 869 )   PDF ( 1297KB )   ( 712 ) To introduce and promote the cultivation technique of ridge on horizontal slope in Wuling mountainous area, it is necessary to put forward an optimized cultivation technique, which will be suitable for planting flue-cured tobacco on hillside and improve its quality and quantity. In this study,‘Yunyan 87’was planted on the 15° angle hillside field treated by four cultivation techniques of slope ridging, cross ridging, askew ridging (slanted 75°) and askew ridging (slanted 60°) with three duplications via randomized block design. And the dynamic changes of soil moisture in the ridges, agronomic traits, economic traits and leaf chemical components of tobacco under different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that the cross ridging and askew ridging (slanted 75°) promoted the opening of the upper leaves and increased the width of the upper leaves in tobacco. The yield of tobacco planted in the askew ridge (slanted 75°) was the highest, and significantly higher than that in the askew ridge (slanted 60°). The quality of tobacco planted in the askew ridge (slanted 75°) was significantly better than that of other ridges. And the proportion of upper and medium leaves of tobacco planted in the askew ridge (slanted 75° ) was significantly higher than that of the askew ridge (slanted 60° ). However, the coordination of inherent chemical composition of tobacco leaves in the four treatments was not significantly different. In conclusion, ridges with a gradient of 75° could help the ridge to retain moisture and fertilizer, and achieve the purpose of increasing production value when planting tobacco in the common hillside field.

  Peony: Research Progress on Regeneration and Construction of Genetic Transformation System 2019, 35 (11):  56-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120065 Abstract + ( 964 )   PDF ( 1196KB )   ( 286 ) Tissue culture and transgenic technology are central issues of modern biotechnology. In recent years, there are also many problems of peony, such as incomplete regeneration system, low regeneration efficiency, difficult rooting and high browning rate. However, transgenic research is based on the establishment of an efficient regeneration, therefore, the transgenic research on peony is poor. In order to establish an efficient regeneration and genetic transformation system for peony, in this paper, we summarized the tissue culture of peony at home and abroad in recent years, and analyzed the induction efficiency, at the same time, we put forward the advices to prevent browning and improve the rooting rate.

  Morphological and Germination Characteristics of Parakmeria lotungensis Seeds from Different Provenances 2019, 35 (11):  61-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010136 Abstract + ( 681 )   PDF ( 1241KB )   ( 402 ) Using seeds of Parakmeria lotungensis from Xinning Hunan and Wuyishan Fujian as research materials, we measured the longitudinal and transverse diameter, thousand seed weight, water content of seeds, and the seed percentage of fruits. Through seed germination experiments, we analyzed the germination rate and seedling growth, and clarified the difference of morphological characteristics and germination rate between seeds from different provenances. Results showed that: the seed percentage was 19.8% of Xinning fruits, and was 12% of Wuyishan fruits. The longitudinal diameter of Xinning seeds was 9.81 mm, the transverse diameter was 7.57 mm, the thousand- kernel- weight (TKW) was 156.28 g, and the water content was 11.1% . The longitudinal diameter of Wuyishan seeds was 7.04 mm, the transverse diameter was 6.61 mm, the thousandkernel- weight (TKW) was 111.38 g, and the water content was 8.46%. The germination rate of Xining seeds and Wuyishan seeds was 87%, and 82%, respectively. The seedling height of Xining was 9.17 cm, and the ground diameters was 2.31 mm. The seedling height of Wuyishan was 6.23 cm, and the ground diameter was 2.0 mm. Variance analysis showed that: there were significant differences of the longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter, seed percentage, thousand- kernel- weight (TKW) and water content of seeds from different provenances. There were significant differences of the germination rate of seeds, height and ground diameter of seedling between seeds from different provenances. The germination rate and morphological characteristics were positively correlated, indicating that the morphological characteristics affect the germination characteristics of the seeds, the lager the seed, the higher the seed percentage and the germination rate, and the greater the seedling growth.

  Effects of Slow-release Fertilizer Containing Urease Inhibitor and Nitrification Inhibitor on Nutrients Contents and Enzymes Activities in Soil 2019, 35 (11):  65-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120045 Abstract + ( 781 )   PDF ( 1209KB )   ( 286 ) The paper aims to study the rational management of nitrogen fertilizer and safety issues in high yield and high quality cucumber production, and provide a basis for improving the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. Special slow-release fertilizers containing urease inhibitor (NBPT) and nitrification inhibitor (DCD) were produced according to the nutrient requirements of cucumber. Pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of vegetables slow-release fertilizers on NPK contents and enzymes activities in soil, and cucumber yield and NPK contents. The results showed that compared with other treatments, two kinds of special slowrelease fertilizers (CSRF1 and CSRF2) reduced soil urease activity by 8.15%-40.1%; increased soil catalase activity by 14.3%-135.7%; increased soil phosphatase activity and invertase activity by 16.6%-29.9% and 24.6%-61.5%; and increased the content of soil organic matter by 1.98%-26.06%. The two kinds of special slow release fertilizers respectively increased the cucumber yield by 59.1%, 30.3%, 33.8% (CSRF1), and 46.2% , 19.7% and 22.9% (CSRF2) compared with treatments of ordinary compound fertilizer(OCF),

  Nitrogen Rate and Planning Mode Affect Yield and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Early Rice in Southern Hunan 2019, 35 (11):  72-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120025 Abstract + ( 791 )   PDF ( 1366KB )   ( 1022 ) To improve the nitrogen application methods to early rice in southern Hunan, clarify the key application techniques and construct a high-yield and high-efficiency application mode, a two-factor splitplot experiment with the application rate as main factor and the fertilizer planning mode as secondary factor was conducted and its impact on yield formation and nitrogen utilization efficiency was studied. The results showed that: (1) tiller number and leaf SAPD value at maturity stage of early rice increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer rate and ratio of ear and grain nitrogen, the yield had no obvious change when nitrogen rate was from 150 kg/hm2 to 210 kg/hm2, while was significantly increased by increasing the ratio of ear and grain nitrogen with 180 kg/hm2 nitrogen rate; (2) increasing the nitrogen rate could significantly improve the whole head rice rate and rude protein content, and reduce the chalky rice rate, increasing the ear and grain nitrogen ratio could increase the whole head rice rate, amylose content and crude protein content, but reduce the alkalispreading value; (3) with the increase of nitrogen rate, the nitrogen accumulation of early rice significantly increased, but the NPFP, ANUE and NRE significantly decreased, with the increase of the ratio of ear and grain nitrogen, the nitrogen accumulation significantly increased, and the NRE NPFP and ANUE in medium nitrogen level treatment significantly increased. On the whole, when the nitrogen rate is 180 kg/hm2, the increase of the ratio of ear and grain nitrogen is beneficial to improving yield, rice quality and nitrogen utilization efficiency of early rice.

  Abundance-deficiency Indices of Soil N and Appropriate Nitrogen Application Rates for Rice in China 2019, 35 (11):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120022 Abstract + ( 821 )   PDF ( 1156KB )   ( 305 ) In this paper, researches on abundance- deficiency index (ADI) of soil N for rice (SNFR) and appropriate nitrogen fertilizer application rates (ANFAR) conducted in China are systematically summarized. The results show that there are considerable differences of ADI of SNFR in different regions, soil alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen is 131- 248 mg/kg of 90% relative yield of no nitrogen fertilizer treatment. Except 4 provinces of Liaoning, Fujian, Guangdong and Yunnan, researches on ADI of SNFR in China have many blank areas. Soil N deficiency for rice in China is common, and the abundance-deficiency levels of SNFR focus on level 3-5, and the relative yield of no nitrogen fertilizer treatment is between 60%-90%. For research on ADI of soil nutrient, the number of trial sites should not be too limited，and using extrapolating data for the highend and low-end of ADI should be careful and clearly indicated. ANFAR and the abundance-deficiency level of SNFR have a linear negative correlation, ANFAR and the goal yield of rice have a linear positive correlation, and ANFAR and the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in current season (NFUEICS) have a linear negative correlation. When the NFUEICS is 40% and the target yield is 4.5- 15 t/hm2, the ANFAR for the SNFR abundance-deficiency level 1-7 from high to low is 0-0, 23-75, 45-150, 68-225, 90-300, 113-375 and 135- 450 kg/hm2, respectively.

  Changes in Particle Composition Affect Salt Content and Wheat Growth in Clay Saline Soil 2019, 35 (11):  88-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030106 Abstract + ( 832 )   PDF ( 1362KB )   ( 339 ) To study the effect of sediment reclamation of Yellow River on soil salt content and the growth of winter wheat, we carried out a sand-addition experiment [0 kg/m2(CK), 10 kg/m2(NS1) and 20 kg/m2(NS2)] in the coastal saline soil area, and analyzed the changes of soil salt content, soil water and salt dynamics, the growth and yield of winter wheat and other indicators. The results showed that: the particle composition of the Yellow River sediment and the clay saline soil were obviously different, and the fine sand particles in the Yellow River sediment could regulate the particle composition of the clay saline soil; furthermore, the soil salt content decreased with the increasing amount of sediment: compared with CK, the salt content of 0-20 cm layer under NS1 and NS2 was reduced by 45.88% and 60.43% in spring and decreased by 9.32% and 44.46% in autumn; compared with CK, the winter wheat tiller, plant height, shoot biomass and winter wheat yield under NS1 and NS2 were significantly increased (P<0.01), the winter wheat yield of NS1 and NS2 increased by 32.98% and 62.63% , respectively. Therefore, Yellow River sediment can effectively regulate the particle composition of clay saline soil, reduce soil salt content, and promote growth as well as crop yield of winter wheat.

  Quantitative Assessment of Waterlogging in Double-cropping Rice Area in Guangxi 2019, 35 (11):  95-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120001 Abstract + ( 686 )   PDF ( 2038KB )   ( 993 ) The paper aims to analyze rainfalls of typical flood years over the past 30 years in representative counties of southern, central and northern Guangxi. The results showed that: the linear correlation between the effective rainfall of the waterlogging disaster day and that of the 6 days before flood was most obvious, reached 95% confidence level. Based on this finding as well as previous studies and disasters in history, the grade index of farmland waterlogging was constructed by the sum of the effective rainfall of the waterlogging disaster day and that of the 6 days before the flood. Taking the remote sensing information of the spatial distribution of double-cropping rice in Guangxi as the waterlogging disaster bearing body, smart grid point rainfall forecast products were embedded in and mixed with the effective rainfall raster maps of real- time rainfall from township automatic observation stations, to realize the quantitative assessment of double-cropping rice before waterlogging disaster in Guangxi. This research can provide certain references for government institutions to carry out disaster prevention and mitigation, and promote direct and smart meteorological service for agricultural production.

  Climate Change Adaptation and Its Influencing Factors in Jiaozhou Bay Area, Shangdong: An Empirical Analysis on Local Residents 汪海欧,, and 2019, 35 (11):  103-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100093 Abstract + ( 741 )   PDF ( 1382KB )   ( 1413 ) The paper aims to explore the mechanism of perception to climate change in the adaptive decisionmaking process. Based on the in-depth interview data and the framework of“perception-adaptation”, we analyzed the factors affecting climate change adaptation decision and options of residents in Jiaozhou Bay by using the binary Probit model and Poisson regression model. The results showed that the majority of residents already perceived climate change, and more than half of the residents adopted adaptation measures; most residents were satisfied with the effects of the adaptation measures; measures adopted by the residents were from 0 to 4, with an average of 1.07; there were still great gaps in the popularization and diversity of the adaptation measures. The results also showed that there were some differences among the main factors that affected adaptation decision and options in Jiaozhou Bay; however,“the perception to climate change of residents”had a great impact on both adaptation decision-making and adaptation options, among which“the perception of precipitation change” and“the perception of meteorological disaster loss” were the most significant factors.

  0℃ Critical Temperature in Alpine Region of Qinghai During 1961-2017: Variation Characteristics 2019, 35 (11):  110-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020091 Abstract + ( 745 )   PDF ( 1328KB )   ( 319 ) Under the background of climate warming, the authors studied the variation characteristics of 0℃ critical temperature in alpine region of Qinghai, in order to rationally explore husbandry climate resources. Based on the daily average air temperature data of Guinan meteorological bureau from 1961 to 2017, the authors analyzed the variation characteristics of the first day, the final day, the duration and accumulated temperature with ≥0℃ by the methods of sliding average method, linear tendency estimation and M- K mutation analysis. The results showed that: the first day when the temperature steadily passed 0℃ in Guinan during 1961-2017 showed an insignificant advance trend and the final day showed an insignificant postponed trend; the duration showed a significant increase trend with a rate of 1.48 d/10 a; the accumulated temperature with ≥0℃ had an extremely significant increase trend with a rate 30.2℃· d every 10 years; the first day and the final day when the temperature steadily passed 0℃ had no mutations; the duration had a mutation from few to many in 1985; the accumulated temperature had a mutation from less to more in 1994.

  Features of Total Solar Radiation Change in 1958-2016, Jiuquan 2019, 35 (11):  115-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120017 Abstract + ( 839 )   PDF ( 1804KB )   ( 726 ) Based on the observation of total solar radiation and other meteorological data in Dunhuang and Jiuquan meteorological station of Jiuquan City, we established the calculation model of total solar radiation climatology to supplement the data vacancy. The variation of total solar radiation over time in Jiuquan was studied by using polynomial and time series analysis. Based on ArcGIS’s geographic information system, the spatial distribution of total solar radiation within the city border was studied and partitioned. The results showed that, light resource in Jiuquan was very rich, the annual total solar radiation was 6000-6450 MJ/m2, only next to the Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China, and had great value for development and utilization. In 1958- 2016, the mean distance of the total annual change of solar radiation was between 3% and 4% , whose amplitude was small. Interannual variation fluctuated with two peak value periods and two valley value periods, and had an increasing trend after 2012. The maximum monthly variation of total solar radiation appeared in June, while the minimum was in December. The highest amount was in summer, followed by spring and autumn, and the lowest was in winter. The spatial distribution of solar radiation gradually diminished from north to south, and could be divided into three areas: Ⅰwas the extremely rich radiation area in the north; Ⅱ was the more rich radiation area in central and Ⅲ was the rich area in the south.

  Application of Three Brassinolides with Different Structures in Cotton 2019, 35 (11):  121-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100053 Abstract + ( 1392 )   PDF ( 1329KB )   ( 250 ) To determine the optimal regulation effect and the most efficient dosage of three different structural brassinolides (24-Epi, 28-Homo and 28-Epihomo) on cotton, laboratory experiment and field experiment were conducted. Indoor experiment was conducted with seed soaking, and field trials were carried out with stem and leaf spray at the seedling stage, boll stage and boll opening stage. The results showed that when the seed soaking dose was 0.01 mg/kg, the germination force and root vitality of cotton seeds were increased significantly with the three different structural brassinolide treatments. Compared with the control, when the spray dosage was 0.02 mg/kg, brassinolide improved the weight of bolls, fiber length and cotton uniformity, and also increased the yield to a certain extent. 28-Homo showed the best effect among the three brassinolides both in laboratory and field experiment. Therefore, to regulate the growth of cotton plants and increase the quality and yield of cotton, 28-Homo is recommended, and the seed soaking dosage is 0.01-0.02 mg/kg and the spray dosage is 0.02-0.04 mg/kg. There is no injury on cotton during the period of experiment.

  L-Fucose: The Significance to Synthesis of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs) and Its Research Progress of Industrialization 2019, 35 (11):  127-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030039 Abstract + ( 923 )   PDF ( 1321KB )   ( 336 ) In recent years, the synthesis of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in vitro has developed rapidly, but its industrialization process has lagged behind. In order to explore its causes, this paper introduced lots of research results on the synthesis of HMOs at home and abroad in the decades. The results showed that: the whole cell fermentation synthesis method was currently recognized as the most industrialized potential of the production of breast milk oligosaccharides, at the same time, the price of L-fucose limited the industrial development of HMOs largely. Nowadays, the source of L-fucose still mainly was extracted from natural products and there were some problems such as single raw materials and high extraction costs. In future, other more ways for producing L-fucose should be developed, such as constructing a high-yield L-fucose strain by means of biotechnology, and extracting L-fucose from agricultural waste resources also has a good application prospect.

  Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution of Chaohu Lake Basin Based on Bibliometric Analysis 2019, 35 (11):  133-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120004 Abstract + ( 796 )   PDF ( 1470KB )   ( 584 ) To understand the research progress of agricultural non-point source pollution (ANSP) in Chaohu Lake basin, and the research status and hot topics, CNKI, VIP and SCOPUS databases are chosen to get the published articles on ANSP in Chaohu Lake basin. The results showed that the focus of the ANSP researches in this region was controlling methods. Most of them provided qualitative approaches from source control, intermediate interception and the end treatment. Model and status of the ANSP in the region were also research highlights, foreign universal models were most used for verification and pollution load estimation. The major research institutions included Anhui Agricultural University and Hefei University of Technology. Ma Youhua team was the core one in this research field, and the major journals were Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, and Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae. Our findings show that: control direction is the study hotspot, and many literatures are on qualitative control method; quantitative study on control effect and ecological compensation standard are future research directions, and model innovation should be enhanced.

  A Preliminary Study on Karyotype of Barbus capito 2019, 35 (11):  142-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010012 Abstract + ( 636 )   PDF ( 1286KB )   ( 232 ) To understand the genetic composition of Barbus capito and provide basic data in cytogenetics for appropriate utilization of its germplasm resources, karyotype of B. capito is studied. PHA and colchicine were injected into the head kidney and the chromosome samples were prepared by air-dried method. The results showed that there were 100 chromosomes in B. capito and its karyotype formula was 2n=16m+36sm+14st+34t， NF=152. It is considered that B. capito is likely to be tetraploid which has diploidization already, and originates from one of the primitive Barbinae fishes.

  Replacing Soybean Oil with Rubber Seed Oil Affects Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activity and Antioxidant Capacity of Asian Red-tailed Catfish (Hemibagrus wyckioides) 2019, 35 (11):  146-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010119 Abstract + ( 875 )   PDF ( 1281KB )   ( 913 ) This study aims at investigating the effects of replacing soybean oil with rubber seed oil on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant capacity of Asian red- tailed catfish (Hemibagrus wyckioides), and determining the appropriate replacement rate of soybean oil by rubber seed oil. Five isoproteic and isolipidic experimental diets (R0, R25, R50, R75 and R100) were formulated with rubber seed oil replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% soybean oil in diets, respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed that: (1) the weight gain and daily gain coefficient of fish fed R25 diet were significantly higher than that of the other diets (P<0.05); (2) the intestinal lipase activity was higher in R25, R50 and R75 diets, compared to R100 diet; the intestinal trypsin activity of R25 diet was significantly higher than that of the other diets; similarly, the hepatic lipase activity was higher in R25 diet compared with fish fed R75 and R100 diets; (3) with the increasing of rubber seed oil replacement level, the hepatic alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and glutamyl transpeptidase activities firstly increased and then decreased, the highest values were observed in R25 diet; the hepatic glutamate dehydrogenase activity of R100 diet was significantly lower than that of R0 diet; (4) the plasma peroxidase of R100 diet was significantly lower than that in R25 and R75 diets; similarly, the plasma total antioxidant capacity of R100 diet was significantly lower than that of R25 and R75 diets; the hepatic malondialdehyde content was significantly higher in R100 diet compared with fish fed the other diets. These results indicate that replacing 25%-75% soybean oil with rubber seed oil has no obvious negative effect on feed utilization and antioxidant capacity, and replacing 25% soybean oil is beneficial to improve the growth performance, but total replacement markedly depresses the antioxidant capacity of Hemibagrus wyckioides.

  Heavy Metal Enrichment Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Marine Shellfish: Research Progress 2019, 35 (11):  155-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120066 Abstract + ( 1044 )   PDF ( 1182KB )   ( 1387 ) In recent years, heavy metal pollution of the marine environment is becoming increasingly serious. Shellfish, due to its wide distribution, low mobility, and high accumulation and strong tolerance to heavy metals, are one of the organisms with high degree of pollution in marine environment. This paper reviewed the research status of heavy metals in shellfish from two aspects: enrichment characteristics and influencing factors. The enrichment characteristics of heavy metals in shellfish, individuals and tissues were summarized, the influence of heavy metal factors (species, forms, concentrations, etc.) and environmental factors (season, temperature, salinity, etc.) on bioaccumulation of heavy metals in shellfish were analyzed to provide reference for the study of heavy metals in shellfish.

  Comparison of Serum Immunase of the Yellow Colored Line and Cultured Stock of Pinctada fuctada martensii 2019, 35 (11):  160-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060102 Abstract + ( 755 )   PDF ( 1158KB )   ( 175 ) To provide references for yellow colored line selection and trait evaluation, the yellow colored line and the cultured stock were subjected for nucleation in this study. On the 7th day and 30th day after the nucleus insertion operation, the retention rate and survival rate of the two groups were compared. The differences of serum immunase activity between the two groups on the 7th day after nucleus insertion operation were also evaluated. The results showed that the retention rate and survival rate of yellow colored line were significantly greater than those of the cultured stock on the 7th day and 30th day after nucleation operation (P < 0.05). The yellow colored line had significantly higher alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lysozyme, leucine arylamidase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase and monophenol oxidase than the cultured stock before nucleus insertion operation and on the 7th day after nucleus insertion operation (P < 0.05). The yellow colored line had higher catalase activity than the cultured stock before nucleus insertion operation and on the 7th day after nucleus insertion operation. However, the differences between the stocks were not significant (P > 0.05). The yellow colored line had smaller malondialdehyde content than the cultured stock. The pearl production traits of the yellow colored line during the recuperation period after nucleus insertion operation are prior to those of the cultured stock.