Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.12 Published:26 April 2019

  Trait Expression Differences of Rice DUS Testing Standard Varieties in Shanghai Area 2019, 35 (12):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010038 Abstract + ( 627 )   PDF ( 1222KB )   ( 470 ) To analyze the trait expression differences of standard varieties for the rice (Oryza sativa) DUS testing in Shanghai area, and provide improved and accurate standard varieties for rice variety certification and protection in the plain and hilly areas of the lower reaches of Yangtze River, this study introduced the coefficient of coincidence to the rice DUS testing to analyze the differences between the real trait expressions and the codes in the rice DUS testing guideline from 39 standard varieties in the area based on field experiments from 2015 to 2017, and further optimized the standard varieties of some traits. The results showed that the coefficient of coincidence of 40 traits was 1, accounted for 76.9% of all the 52 traits in the rice DUS testing guideline. The performances of quantitative traits were greatly influenced by environmental conditions. 10 of 12 traits with the coefficient of coincidence less than 1 were quantitative traits. Among the 39 standard varieties of the rice DUS testing guideline, the coefficient of coincidence of 26 standard varieties reached 1, and the performances of their traits were very stable. The coefficient of coincidence of ‘Guangluai 4’ was the lowest, followed by that of ‘ Heuknambyeo’, and the coefficients of coincidence of the other varieties were greater than 0.99. Most varieties could be used as standard varieties for the rice DUS testing in Shanghai area, and further optimization of the standard varieties in some traits were carried out.

  Selecting High Temperature Tolerant Germplasms from Africa Rice 2019, 35 (12):  8-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120035 Abstract + ( 748 )   PDF ( 1218KB )   ( 483 ) To facilitate rice breeding with heat tolerance, we try to screen heat-resistant resources from Africa rice. Using the newly established cascade temperature method, six rice varieties from various regions of Africa were treated with high temperature in flowering period. The heat-tolerant index and integrated heat-tolerant index were calculated by the fertilization rate under different high-temperature treatments, and the integrated heat-tolerant index was selected to judge their heat tolerance. The heat-tolerant index of‘SDWG005’was greater than 0.9 among high-temperature treatments and its’integrated heat-tolerant index was 6.462, showing significant heat tolerance. The heat- tolerant index of‘SDWG001’was greater than 0.5 among hightemperature treatments and its’integrated heat-tolerant index was 4.163, showing strong heat tolerance. The heat-tolerant index of both‘SDBN001’and‘SDSL013’were lower than 0.5 under 37℃ treatment and greater than 0.6 under other treatments. The integrated heat-tolerant index of the two varieties was 3.694 and 3.406, respectively, showing relatively high heat resistance. By screening, an extremely strong heat-resistant variety ‘SDWG005’and two strong heat-resistant varieties‘SDWG001’and‘SDBN001’were obtained. The results suggest that some rice germplasm resources from Africa may have heat-tolerant genes, which can be used for breeding heat tolerant rice in the future.

  NPK Fertilizer Application on Global Wheat Grain Zinc Concentration 2019, 35 (12):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120074 Abstract + ( 750 )   PDF ( 1320KB )   ( 451 ) Improving grain Zn concentration of wheat could supply more Zn and reduce Zn deficiency in human body. To quantify the changes of global grain Zn concentration with time and analyze the relationship between grain Zn concentration and fertilization supply are significant to the sustainable development of agricultural production. The data were collected from Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang database, which included 84 literatures related to grain Zn concentration from 1980 to 2018. The authors analyzed Zn concentration in grain, NPK application amount, and the relationship between the two to study the effect of NPK application on grain Zn concentration. The results showed that the global grain Zn concentration of wheat significantly decreased from 39.6 mg/kg in 1990s to 28.8 mg/kg at present with a decreasing rate of 26.5%. In wheat production, N fertilizer application increased from 84.1 kg/hm2 in 1990s to 166 kg/hm2, while P application increased by 127%, and K fertilizer increased by 19.8% from 2000s to now. N application increased grain Zn concentration of wheat, while P application significantly decreased grain Zn concentration and K fertilizer had no effect on grain Zn concentration. Therefore, large amount of P fertilizer application may reduce grain Zn concentration in intensive wheat production, and appropriate amount of P could guarantee the high yield and high Zn of wheat.

  Variation of Yield and Agronomic Characters of Wheat with Limited Water Treatment 2019, 35 (12):  18-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010048 Abstract + ( 555 )   PDF ( 1275KB )   ( 445 ) The aim is to provide references for the breeding and cultivation of wheat under limited water in Cangzhou. 10 varieties in Hebei were used as materials, field investigation and indoor test were combined to analyze the effects of irrigation amount on yield, yield composition, heading rate and plant height of different varieties. The results showed that the yields increased with the increasing watering times, and the average yields of the three treatments were significantly different (P<0.05). The yield of 0 watering was the lowest, 4462.18 kg/hm2. The yield of 1 watering was 5668.53 kg/hm2. The yield of 2 watering was the highest, up to 6707.87 kg/hm2, increased by 18.34 % compared with that of 1 watering, and increased by 27.03% compared with that of 0 watering. The number of ears, the number of grain per ear, 1000-grain weight, ears rate and plant height of wheat increased with the increasing of irrigation amount. In Cangzhou, under no watering, the production lost is 80-115 kg.

  The New Wheat Variety‘Shiyou 20’with High Yield and High Quality: Breeding and Application 2019, 35 (12):  23-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090091 Abstract + ( 874 )   PDF ( 1228KB )   ( 755 ) The objective is to breed new wheat variety with high and stable yield, fine quality, strong resistance and wide adaptability. The hybridization test with female parent‘Ji 935-352’and male parent‘Jinan 17’was conducted. The artificial alternate selection was done in different places where soil and production conditions were different. Under the condition of sufficient fertilizer, the wheat were supplied with sufficient water at the early stage to promote the vegetative growth, and then the wheat were grown under drought stress at the later stage for screening high production capacity materials to improve the drought resistance, water saving, stress resistance and adaptability. The selection was focused on the individuals with excellent coordination of production factors. The high- yield lines were identified and screened by cross- regional and multi- point adaptability screening method to select the variety with high and stable yield combining with stress resistance and wide adaptability. At the same time, the quality selection was conducted in the laboratory from F3 generation. A new wheat variety‘Shiyou 20’was bred successfully.‘Shiyou 20’with high yield, high quality, drought resistance, fertilizer tolerance and water saving was authorized by Hebei Provincial Variety Approval Committee in 2009, and then it was authorized by National Variety Approval Committee in 2011.‘Shiyou20’ has rich genetic basis and good traits, thus it can be used as high yield and high quality germplasm.

  Slow-release Fertilizer Amount: Effects on Photosynthesis, Biomass Accumulation and Distribution, and Yield Traits of Summer-sown Millet 2019, 35 (12):  28-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010032 Abstract + ( 457 )   PDF ( 1315KB )   ( 565 ) The effects of slow- release fertilizer amount on photosynthesis, biomass accumulation and distribution, and yield trait are investigated in order to provide references for summer millet cultivation with high productivity.‘Baogu 21’was used as the material in this experiment. At the seedling stage, elongating stage, heading stage, filling stage and mature stage, the conventional assay method was used to analyze photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll content (Chl), leaf-area index (LAI), dry matter weight of population, dry matter accumulation and transport characteristics of vegetative organs at the late growth stage, the contents of nitrogen phosphorus potassium at mature stage and the accumulation amount of nitrogen phosphorus potassium per unit area, plant characters, yield and harvest indexes. The results showed that among the three treatments covering fertilizer amounts of 0 kg/hm2 (T1), 225 kg/hm2 (T2) and 450 kg/hm2 (T3), Pn and Chl was elevated along with the increase of fertilizer amount at every growth stage. Likewise, LAI and population biomass of plants were also enhanced with the increasing fertilizer application. The biomass of leaves, sheaths, and stems were all increased at spiking and maturity stages along with the increase of fertilizer application, the export biomass amounts increased at the high fertilizer amount. But the differences of transportation efficiencies in vegetative organs were not obvious. At high fertilizer amount, the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in plants were increased, the accumulative amounts of nutrients were significantly elevated, the spike characters were improved, and the yield was increased significantly. The suitable supply amount of slowrelease fertilizer can effectively promote plant growth and development as well as the yield formation capacity, which are closely associated with the increased nutrients absorption, thus to improve photosynthesis capacity of the plants.

  Research on Root Characteristics of Drought-Resistant Cultivars of Northeast China Spring Soybeans 2019, 35 (12):  33-38.  Abstract + ( 455 )   PDF ( 544KB )   ( 264 ) In order to develop drought-resistance breeding of soybean and carry on regional distribution of soybean planting,aim at the outstanding problems in being short of drought-resistance cultivars、low yields and undefined the types of drought resistance in Heilongjiang Province, from which 40 varieties of spring soybeans were selected to identify the drought-resistance in budding and seedling stages by using PEG-6000 in this paper. Then simulate drought stress on the screened drought-resistant varieties to study the root characteristics including total root length, root surface area、root volume、root and crown ratio. The results were as following： In budding stage, Suinong series、Heinong series 、Hefeng series and xiaoli series showed more drought-resistance contained Suinong 22、Hefeng 48、Suinong 30、Longxiaolidou 2、Heihe 52、Suinong 28、Kendou 26、Heinong 65、Longxiaolidou 1、Kenfeng 17、Kendou 25、Suinong 10、anti-nematode 12、Heinong 61、Heinong 64 and Longdou2.In seedling stage, Hefeng series、Suinong series and Heinong series showed more drought-resistance contained Hefeng 50、Heinong 60、Suinong 28、Hefeng 48、Hefeng 51、Heinong 61、Longxiaolidou 2、Heihe 51、Heihe 50、Hefeng 56、Heinong 65 and Heinong 64. Combine the identification results of drought-resistance with budding and seedling stage, Hefeng 48,Suinong 28、Longxiaolidou 2,Heinong 65,Heinong 61,and Heinong 64 were screened out of which total root length, root surface area、root volume、root and crown ratio expressed the increasing tendency especially from moderate to severe drought with the drought stress intensity enhancing. The strongest performance variety was Hefeng48 and Heinong 61 Heinong 64 and Suinong 28 were stronger.

  Radiation Intensities Affect Important Agronomic Characters of Soybean M1 Generation 汝玄玄,,霍晴,,,李曙光 and 2019, 35 (12):  40-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110121 Abstract + ( 496 )   PDF ( 1442KB )   ( 329 ) To study the radiation effects of different intensities of 60Co γ- rays on important agronomic characters of soybean and determine the suitable radiation dose, soybean variety‘Huaidou 13’was used as material and radiated by using 200 Gy, 300 Gy and 400 Gy of γ- rays. The results showed that different radiation dosages significantly reduced the field seedling emergence rate and survival rate of M1 generation population. As the dosage increasing, the emergence rate and survival rate decreased. Compared with the control (CK), the variation range of emergence rate and survival rate was 18.07%-44.34% and 0.89%-24.45%, respectively. Meanwhile, radiation delayed the initial flowering stage of soybean from 3 to 5 days and the maximum delay effect showed up when treated with 400 Gy of radiation. By the same token, radiation affected some other important agronomic traits of M1 generation population, such as plant height, main stem number, effective branch number and pod number per plant, which turned out that the stronger of radiation intensity, the greater of difference in phenotype was. M1 generation group was moderate in size, extreme differentiation types had a certain proportion, phenotypic variation was abundant, and probability of obtaining target traits was high when treated with 300 Gy of radiation, which was suitable for the construction of soybean mutant library. The results of the study provide a foundation for constructing various types of soybean mutant libraries and further research on functional genomics.

  The Construction of China’s Spatial Planning System Based on the Perspective of Use Control 2019, 35 (12):  46-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110024 Abstract + ( 737 )   PDF ( 1935KB )   ( 456 ) The construction of spatial planning system is an important measure for implementing the national ecological civilization strategy and an important starting point for implementing the use control system. The research puts forward the idea, overall framework, level and composition, function and content of China’s spatial planning system around the goal of establishing and implementing the use control system, to provide a theoretical basis for the establishment of China’s spatial planning system. Through literature research and comprehensive analysis, this paper analyzes China’s current spatial planning system, the spatial planning system of developed countries, the pilot results of China’s“multiple planning integration”and the ideas and framework of China’s spatial planning system reform around the implementation of the use control system. The research shows that there are many problems in China’s current spatial planning system, but it can be solved by constructing a more scientific spatial planning system. The construction of China’s spatial planning system can draw on the mature practices of spatial planning system of developed countries and the pilot experience gained from China’s“multiple planning integration”. The spatial planning system around the implementation of the use control system is composed of“land space planning + special planning”at four hierarchies of “national- provincial- prefectural- county”. The planning at each hierarchy is based on the implementation of the use control system and corresponds to the authority of the government and its related departments at that hierarchy. The function of“land space planning”is a strategic, programmatic and basic planning for protection and development of all regional land space，and it is the planning for delineating“use zones”.“Special planning”is a departmental planning for implementing the requirements of the use control system and precision management, and a planning for the protection and development of“use zones”. The research adheres to the basic requirements and principles of“clear hierarchy, clear function, up and down convergence” and“macro, meso, micro, long-term, near-term, rigid and flexible”, and constructs a spatial planning system based on the implementation of the use control system, and put forward the construction idea and overall framework, level and composition, function and content of the system, which will provide a theoretical basis for the construction of the domestic spatial planning system and the implementation of the use control system.

  6 Submerged Plants: The Physiological Response to Salt Stress and Salt Tolerance Evaluation 2019, 35 (12):  54-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120125 Abstract + ( 1312 )   PDF ( 1303KB )   ( 741 ) To select the salt-tolerant submerged plants in coastal and saline-alkali wetland restoration, we studied the salt-tolerance ability and 4 physiological indexes of 6 kinds of submerged plants commonly used in water, including Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum, Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton pectinatus and Najas minor. Under the condition of indoor simulation, we carried out salt stress on the 6 kinds of submerged plants with NaCl solution of different concentrations, observed the salinity symptom every week, and determined the content of chlorophyll a, b, proline, soluble protein and MDA in leaves. The results showed that: among these plants, the salt-tolerance ability was Najas minor>Potamogeton pectinatus> Ceratophyllum demersum>Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata>Myriophyllum spicatum. Najas minor and Potamogeton pectinatus could survive in salinity of 15‰ and 8‰ , the lethal salinity of Ceratophyllum demersum was 6‰, while Vallisneria natans and Hydrilla verticillata had a week salt-tolerance ability, whichwas 4‰ , and Myriophyllum spicatum had the worst salt-tolerance ability, which could only survive under salinity of 2‰. This study provides a basis for water ecosystem restoration in coastal and salinization areas, and lays a foundation for project practice and salt-resistant physiology research of submerged plants.

  Cadmium and Arsenic Pollution in Rice in the Pearl River Delta and the Countermeasures 2019, 35 (12):  63-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010016 Abstract + ( 742 )   PDF ( 1537KB )   ( 561 ) The Pearl River Delta is the“south gate”of China’s opening to the outside world. Along with the rapid development of economy, a series of environmental pollution problems have appeared, especially the pollution of cadmium and arsenic in soil. In this paper, the source and pollution status of cadmium and arsenic pollutants in the Pearl River Delta were discussed, and the occurrence and transformation of cadmium and arsenic in rice were analyzed. We expound the effects of cadmium and arsenic on human health. The interaction between soil propertiews, animals, microorganisms, plants and cadmium or arsenic was also explored, aiming to find out the resistance mechanism of plants to cadmium and arsenic in the Pearl River Delta. We summarized the previous management experience on the ollution, hoping that the pollution could be explained thoroughly, and putting forward some countermeasures on the pollution control.

  Meteorological Service System in Typical Rose Region: A Case of Beijing Miaofeng Mountain Rose 2019, 35 (12):  73-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010017 Abstract + ( 564 )   PDF ( 1593KB )   ( 470 ) Using the ten-day average observational data of the regional automatic station in Miaofeng mountain from 2006 to 2015 and the planting data of rose, we analyzed the climate conditions for rose growth, and established the agricultural meteorological indexes, including the suitable meteorological index system for the main growth period of rose, the main meteorological disasters and the suitable agricultural activity index of rose growth; then built a weather disaster warning process and an agricultural weather forecasting process, made meteorological service products for the main growth period and ornamental period of rose, which formed a perfect rose meteorological service system and a new mode of meteorological service for agriculture.

  Characteristics of Abnormal Warm Winter Climate Events on Longdong Loess Plateau in Gansu 2019, 35 (12):  81-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030049 Abstract + ( 623 )   PDF ( 1605KB )   ( 384 ) The climate characteristics of winter temperature in Qingyang, Loess Plateau of east Gansu, were analyzed according to the temperature record sequence of Xifeng National Basic Meteorological Observing Station from 1950 to 2017 by WMO extreme climate index linear propensity estimation, M-K test, EEMD, etc., following the national standard of warm winter grade. The results showed that the extreme climate index had abrupt change in the past 60 years, especially from the late 1980s to the early 21st century, besides, the abrupt change did not have synchronous phrase, the interdecadal variation including mean temperature, mean maximum and minimum temperature in winter rose in echelon, moreover, there was a continuing warming trend in winter and the events leading to climate warming were increasing, in particular, the rise of the minimum temperature at night contributed greatly to winter climate warming. In 2017, the extreme minimum temperature, mean air temperature, mean maximum and minimum temperature all broke the history record, in other words, the winter in 2017 was the warmest winter since 1951.

  Extreme Climate Events in Hainan During 1977-2017: Spatio-temporal Differences 陈汇林 2019, 35 (12):  89-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080040 Abstract + ( 702 )   PDF ( 1542KB )   ( 256 ) The paper aims to study the spatio-temporal variation characteristics of extreme climatic events in Hainan. Based on the daily temperature and precipitation data of 21 stations in Hainan from 1977 to 2017 provided by the Agricultural Meteorological Service System of Hainan and 16 extreme climatic indexes (ECI), we calculated the linear trend of ECI at each station and conducted the trend and mean mutation test of ECI sequence, defined the extreme climate variability index ( ECVI ) and clustered the stations. The results showed that: the frequency and intensity of warm events in Hainan increased, the intensity of cold events decreased, and their frequency decreased as a whole; the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events generally rose; the regional difference of drought events was large, mainly with enhancement; there was no significant trend reversal of ECI at each station during the research period; the mean value mutations of warm events occurred the most, followed by cold events, while the precipitation related ECI mean value mutations occurred the least. Qionghai, Qiongshan and Sanya had the most mean value mutations, while Changjiang, Xisha and Dingan had the least mutations. The cluster results showed that the 21 stations could be divided into 2 classes and 4 discrete points.

  Daily Mean Temperature Time Series in Zhongshan: Periodicity and Chaos Analysis 2019, 35 (12):  95-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090051 Abstract + ( 754 )   PDF ( 1465KB )   ( 454 ) The paper aims to study the temporal evolution of temperature. The author analyzed the periodicity and chaos properties of daily mean temperature time series in Zhongshan, Guangdong during 1955-2017 by using nonlinear dynamic method. The results showed that: the power spectrum of temperature was a periodic variation of about 363 days, which was a periodic attractor caused by the direct solar point moving from north to south; after filtering out the information of annual periodic variation in the frequency range of 0 to 0.005/d, the power spectrum was continuous; the maximum Lyapunov exponent was positive with the correlation dimension 10.1, indicating the variation of high frequency temperature was chaotic.

  Tissue Culture of Crocus Sativus L.: Research Progress 2019, 35 (12):  100-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010046 Abstract + ( 570 )   PDF ( 1255KB )   ( 356 ) The paper aims to study the ways of artificial breeding of saffron, we review the research progress on tissue culture of saffron in China and abroad for more than 30 years. It is found that the formation of small bulbs or intact plant could be induced by using different explants, but the induction period is long and the induction rate is low, so no large-scale industrial production is reported. Therefore, in the future, we should focus on how to shorten the induction period, increase the rate of induction and proliferation, and accelerate the process of the large bulb cultivation. In addition, the research should be carried on the tissue culture of flower organs and ovary, the improvement of induction rate of stigma-like structure, and the large-scale culture of cell culture should also be strengthened to promote the scale development of the production of secondary metabolites. The paper summarized the research progress on achievements of tissue culture of saffron, and the future prospects of its in order to provide reference for large scale propagation and industrial production of saffron in China.

  Effect of Water Spray Duration on SPAD and Chlorophyll Content of Grape Leaves 2019, 35 (12):  107-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060095 Abstract + ( 578 )   PDF ( 1301KB )   ( 313 ) To study the effect of different water spray durations on the SPAD value and chlorophyll content of grape leaves under grape micro spray in extreme drought area, the variation of SPAD and the characteristics of daily change, and the correlation between the chlorophyll content and the SPAD value were analyzed by determining the chlorophyll content and the value of the chlorophyll in various growth stages of the grapes. The results showed that the SPAD value of each treatment decreased first and then increased, and the daily change value was between 40.1- 45.1, among which the daily average daily average value of SPAD (43.5) of 1 h treatment (WP1) was the highest, followed by that of 2 h treatment (WP2) and 3 h treatment (WP3) per day, which was 42.9 and 42.6, respectively, the SPAD value of the control was the lowest (41.2). The SPAD value of grape leaves was significantly and positively correlated with chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll content, and the regression equation was Ca=0.0915VSPAD-1.787, Cb=0.0682VSPAD-1.9327 and Ct=0.1597VSPAD- 3.7197, respectively, indicating that it was feasible to predict the content of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll by using the SPAD value, thus to quickly determine the leaf green content of grape leaves in field.

  Roof Agricultural Substrates: Proportion and Effects on Growth and Quality of Lettuce 2019, 35 (12):  112-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18090039 Abstract + ( 659 )   PDF ( 1332KB )   ( 382 ) To screen light and cheap roof agricultural substrates, peanut shells, mushroom residues, cow dung, earthworm dung and other agricultural wastes were used as raw materials, the physicochemical properties of the seven substrates with different mixing proportions and their effects on the growth and quality of lettuce were studied by roof cultivation experiment. The grey correlation analysis was used to analyze the effects of various substrates. The results showed that the bulk density of mixed substrates was between 0.38 and 0.6 g/cm3, the total porosity of mixed substrates was from 54.77% to 74.17%, and the EC value ranged from 242 to 1150 μS/cm. Peanut shell and mushroom residue could significantly reduce the bulk density and increase the total porosity of substrates, while cow dung and peat had the most significant effect on nutrient content of substrate. Compared with CK, different substrates could promote lettuce growth, the plant height, leaf length, dry and fresh weight of T4[V(peanut shell): V(wormcast): V(vermiculite): V(perlite)= 3:4:2:1] and T5 [V(peanut shell): V(cow dung): V (vermiculite): V(perlite): V(peat) = 2:2:2:2:2] increased significantly. The soluble sugar and soluble solids content in lettuce increased significantly in T5. In general, T5, which has the best treatment effect and is suitable for lettuce cultivation, could be used as an excellent light substrate formula in roof agriculture.

  Purification and Physiological Responses of Epipremnum aureum on Cigarette Smoke 2019, 35 (12):  118-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010020 Abstract + ( 1147 )   PDF ( 1613KB )   ( 625 ) To investigate the purification capacity of indoor ornamental plant Epipremnum aureum on cigarette smoke and its growth and physiological responses, and provide a basis for prevention and control of cigarette smoke pollution, cigarette smoking way of mankind was imitated in this study, two cigarettes were injected into a sealed or interval ventilated glass capsule with length, width and height all of 60 cm, and Epipremnum aureum was put into the capsule. CO and PM2.5 concentrations during 72 h were measured, changes of phenotypes were observed and the physiological indexes in leaves were determined. The results showed that: E. aureum could effectively absorb CO and PM2.5 produced by cigarette smoke and purify the air. Plant growth was affected by cigarette smoke treatments to some degree. Watery plaque spots were appeared in leaves and the whole leaves became yellow with the time prolonging. Levels of reactive oxygen species (including superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide) in leaves were significantly increased, resulting in aggravation of membrane lipid peroxidation and the increase of malondialdehyde content. The plant triggered antioxidant enzymes system to eliminate reactive oxygen species in time; while, as the time went on, the resistance became weakened. Ventilation effectively accelerated air flow and alleviated the cigarette smoke toxicity to plants. Therefore, we suggest E. aureum should be put in smoking area and ventilating sometimes, thus it will decrease the risk caused by cigarette smoke pollution.

  Omics Technologies on Sugar Beet: Research Progress 2019, 35 (12):  124-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110010 Abstract + ( 699 )   PDF ( 1352KB )   ( 323 ) Transcriptomics, proteomics, genomics and metabolomics are characterized by high throughput, high sensitivity and systematicness, and have become powerful tools for studying plants response to biotic and abiotic stresses at the molecular level. In this review, we summarized OMICS technologies in sugar beet at domestic and abroad in recent years, including sugar beet in biotic and abiotic stress resistance molecular mechanism, the structure of the cytoplasmic male sterile (CMS) sugar beet gene and the auxiliary function of sugar beet breeding. These researches have important value for breeding new varieties of sugar beet. In future, it is suggested to strengthen the research strategy of combining multiple histology, and explore more highquality gene resources by combining gene function identification.

  Fine Mapping of Anther Color Gene Siac1 in Foxtail Millet 郭二虎 2019, 35 (12):  130-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110025 Abstract + ( 565 )   PDF ( 1758KB )   ( 606 ) To reveal the genetic basis of anther color in foxtail millet at molecular level, an F2 segregating population derived from a crossing between‘E1005’(female parent) and‘Pinzi 39’(male parent) was used as mapping population. With bulked segregation analysis (BSA) and recessive-class analysis (RCA), the Siac1 related to anther color was finely mapped. Genetic analysis showed that the segregation ratio of yellow anther plants to white anther plants was consistent with the Mendelian segregation of 3:1 in the F2 generation, which suggested that the white anther color trait was controlled by a pair of recessive nuclear genes. The Siac1 was preliminary mapped onto an interval of about 282 kb between markers GSA07025 and GSA07037 on chromosome VI by SSR markers and SV markers. Furthermore, fine mapping of Siac1 was conducted using newly developed InDel markers based on the sequence differences between the two parents, and the results indicated that the Siac1 was narrowed down onto a genomic region of around 94.7 kb between markers MRI579 and MRI583. Bioinformatics analysis showed that there were 10 Open Reading Frames (ORFs), and Seita.6G227100, eita.6G227200, Seita.6G227300 and Seita.6G227900 could be speculated to be four candidates for Siac1. This research lays a foundation for the cloning of Siac1 and the analysis of developmental mechanism of anther color.

  Effect of Nanomaterials on Plant Gene Expression and Genotoxicity 张文彬 and 2019, 35 (12):  137-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010007 Abstract + ( 598 )   PDF ( 1294KB )   ( 994 ) Nanomaterials play an important role in the sustainable development of agriculture, but they are also toxic. Understanding the bidirectional effect of nanomaterials on plant gene level can provide reference for the development of plant, sustainable agriculture and food safety. In this paper, the authors reviewed the effect of plant gene expression and genetic toxicity, and discussed the future development direction, from the metal (oxide) nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, graphene oxide and nanomaterials and nano fullerene soot gene carrier in nanomaterials.

  Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Research Tendency Based on Web of Science 2019, 35 (12):  144-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010134 Abstract + ( 682 )   PDF ( 1132KB )   ( 383 ) To study the research hotspots and trends of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), based on the Web of Science database, we analyzed the research institutes, authors, literature languages, academy journals, disciplines and countries by using bibliometrics, then studied the general situation and dynamics of AMF, aiming to provide some data reference for the relevant researchers. The results indicated that: 7109 AMF published articles (2008-2017) were identified, the quantities of literature output was increasing year by year, and 2016 was the highest; the quantities of literatures of the United States, China, Germany, India and Spain ranked the top 5 in the world, and the United States had the most literatures (1262); almost all the literatures were English with the quantities of 6914; the quantities of AMF articles published by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Spanish Academy of Sciences, the Free University of Berlin, the University of Western Australia and the University of Turin ranked the top 5; the main core journals that published the AMF research were Mycorrhiza, Soil Biology Biochemistry, Plant And Soil, New Phytologist, Applied Soil Ecology; the main subjects were agronomy, botany, ecological environment science, microbiology and mycology and so on. In general, the United States, China and Germany are in dominant position in the field of AMF research.

  Dynamic Analysis of Flavonoids in Leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus in Different Harvest Periods 2019, 35 (12):  151-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100060 Abstract + ( 548 )   PDF ( 1382KB )   ( 395 ) The purpose of this experiment is to study the change rule of flavonoids contents in leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus in different harvest periods, and to develop and utilize Acanthopanax senticosus leaves. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry and UPLC-Q/TOF-MS were used to analyze the total flavonoids contents and the composition of flavonoids in leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus in different harvest periods, and the trend of flavonoids compounds was studied. The content of the total flavonoids in Acanthopanax senticosus leaves was higher at the beginning of May, mid-August and late September respectively, but decreased during the growing season from May to August. 11 flavonoids compounds with obvious increasing trend and 11 flavonoids compounds with obvious decreasing trend were analyzed. And the results showed that the changing trends of flavonoids contents in leaves of Acanthopanax senticosus in different harvest periods were consistent by the two methods.

  Investigation of White Spot Syndrome Virus in Different Procambarus clarkii Populations in Hubei 2019, 35 (12):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17120043 Abstract + ( 533 )   PDF ( 1509KB )   ( 317 ) To obtain the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) carrying situation in Procambarus clarkii, PCR detection on WSSV was conducted on 741 samples of Procambarus clarkii from 7 aquaculture areas in Hubei from May 2016 to July 2017. 49 positive PCR products were sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that over 65% of the samples carried WSSV from areas of Qianjiang City, Jianli County and Xindi in Honghu City, and about 40% of the samples carried WSSV from areas of Ezhou City, Suizhou City and Luoshan Town in Honghu City. The sequencing results indicated that A/T base mutation was found in the conserved region of WSSV of some samples. The phylogenetic tree analysis displayed that there was a farther genetic relationship between the WSSV samples with A/T base mutation and 17 WSSV subspecies in GenBank. However, a closer genetic relationship was found between the WSSV samples without A/T base mutation and the strains from Australia (MF161441) and Bangladesh (KJ719075). This study could provide a reference for the prevention and control of WSSV in Procambarus clarkii.