Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.13 Published:05 May 2019

  Formation Mechanism of Iron Plaque of Rice: Research Progress 2019, 35 (13):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010079 Abstract + ( 1275 )   PDF ( 1233KB )   ( 603 ) This review provides a theoretical basis for iron bio-fortification and low absorption accumulation of pollutants of rice. It summarizes the available research literatures about iron plaque for recent five years, including: ①the concept of iron plaque; ②the location of iron plaque; ③the characteristics of iron plaque; ④the factors affecting the formation of iron plaque; ⑤the environmental and ecological function of iron plaque; ⑥the molecular mechanism of iron plaque. At last, future research directions of iron plaque are discussed.

  Research Progress on Lodging Resistance of Buckwheat 2019, 35 (13):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110108 Abstract + ( 720 )   PDF ( 856KB )   ( 489 ) The aims are to provide evaluation methods and theoretical basis for scientific researchers in buckwheat lodging resistance research field. The authors summarize the relationship between buckwheat lodging and stem morphology, root morphology, stem chemical composition, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as the genetic rules and evaluation methods of buckwheat lodging resistance, put forward main indicators for evaluating buckwheat lodging resistance and the production measures against lodging. Finally, the research prospects on lodging resistance QTLs, fertilizer application patterns and tillage practices of buckwheat are discussed.

  Nitrogen Application Rate Affects Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation and Yield of‘Shangmai 156’ 2019, 35 (13):  15-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120008 Abstract + ( 662 )   PDF ( 982KB )   ( 513 ) Under the field test conditions, the new wheat variety‘Shangmai 156’was used as the material to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on dry matter accumulation, distribution, translocation and yield by setting four nitrogen application levels as N1 (0 kg/hm2), N2 (120 kg/hm2), N3 (225 kg/hm2) and N4 (330 kg/hm2). The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer in a certain range (0-225 kg/hm2) was conducive to the accumulation of dry matter, and could promote the transport and distribution of photosynthetic products accumulated in vegetative organs to panicles at the early stage of growth and development. The dry matter transport capacity, translocation rate and contribution rate to grain were the highest under N3 (225 kg/hm2); The number of ears per unit area increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, while the number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the final yield was N3＞N2＞N4＞N1, N3 had no obvious difference with N2, but extremely significant difference with N4 and N1. In summary, the optimal nitrogen application rate of‘Shangmai 156’under this test condition is 225 kg/hm2.

  Drought Stress Control Indexes of Summer Maize: Optimization Based on Grey Correlation Comprehensive Evaluation Method 2019, 35 (13):  16-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060006 Abstract + ( 624 )   PDF ( 1023KB )   ( 550 ) To obtain reasonable irrigative control indexes of summer maize, based on the results of two-year control experiments, we comprehensively evaluated the water consumption, yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of summer maize by the weighted grey correlation comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that: compared with the measured yield, water consumption and WUE of each treatment from high to low, the single level value ranking of the yield, water consumption and WUE was basically consistent, which was feasible to optimize drought stress control indexes of summer maize; with the increase of drought stress degree, the evaluation value of the yield and water consumption was decreased; the value of WUE increased first and then decreased; the results of multi-level comprehensive evaluation showed that: the weight of WUE was the largest; the comprehensive evaluation value decreased with the increase of the degree of drought stress in each reproductive period, indicating that the treatment of mild drought stress was optimal in the same reproductive period; in the two-year control experiment, the optimal water treatment was suitable for the control group, followed by mild drought in the grouting stage and mild drought in the seedling stage. Considering the production practice of summer maize in Henan, we suggest that the minimum irrigation water is controlled at the seedling stage, jointing stage, tasseling stage and maturity stage to be 60%, 70%, 75% and 60% of the field water holding rate, respectively, ensuring the water saving and stable production of summer maize.

  NPK Application Modes Affect Plants and Yield of Summer Maize and Soil Nutrients 2019, 35 (13):  23-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010074 Abstract + ( 647 )   PDF ( 1110KB )   ( 475 ) The effect of application mode of N, P and K fertilizers on nutrient content of plants and soils as well as yield of summer maize are investigated under field growth condition. Among three N treatments, including regular N application (basal plus topdressing at ear formation), improved regular N application (basal plus topdressing at ear formation and silking) and controlled N application together with two levels of P and K (i.e., P2O5 105-K2O 120 kg/hm2 and P2O5 157.5-K2O 180 kg/hm2), the biomass, contents and accumulative amounts of N, P and K of plants were higher in regular N application treatment than that of controlled urea application treatment before ear formation. At maturity, spike numbers, 1000 grain weights and yields of controlled urea treatment were higher than that of improved regular N treatment, and then was regular N treatment. Under the same N treatments, the increasing application of P and K fertilizer increased the contents and accumulative amounts of P and K as well as N contents and N accumulative amounts. Soil available contents of N and P decreased along with the growth, soil available K contents exhibited a“V”pattern; soil available nutrient contents and plant nutrient contents displayed converse patterns, and the contents of controlled urea treatment was lower than that of improved regular N treatment in the late growth stage, and then was that of regular N treatment. Compared with CK, grain production capacities of NPK reduced in all treatments, and the grain production capacities of unit nutrient was the highest in regular N treatments, followed by that of improved regular N treatments and controlled urea treatments. The nutrient use efficiency was the highest in controlled urea treatment, followed by that of improved regular N treatment and regular N treatment. These results indicate that controlled urea application before planting together with P and K could coordinate the nutrient supply during growth period, improve the absorption, accumulation and matter production in the middle and late periods, which could be used as an effective fertilizer application mode in enhancing nutrient use efficiency, spike traits and yield formation capacity.

  Effects on Photosynthetic Capacity and Stomatal Opening of Maize Leaves: Exogenous ABA Under Drought Stress 2019, 35 (13):  31-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110062 Abstract + ( 797 )   PDF ( 1024KB )   ( 328 ) This study is to investigate the effects of exogenous ABA on photosynthesis and stomatal opening of maize leaves under drought stress. The excellent maize variety ‘Zhengdan 988’ was used as the material, the changes of photosynthesis, stomatal opening and chlorophyll content of maize seedlings at different time points were studied under PEG treatment, exogenous ABA treatment and ABA+PEG treatment. The results showed that the photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content of the three treatments were lower than that of CK, and the number of stomatal closure was higher than that of CK. The four indicators of ABA+PEG treatment were between PEG and ABA treatment which indicated that maize reduced transpiration by closing the stomata in order to maintain the growth and development under drought stress. Exogenous ABA can increase the number of stomatal closure and chlorophyll content under drought stress, which reduce water loss and increase the photosynthesis rate of plants under drought stress, and finally improve the drought resistance of the plants.

  Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Leaves of Maize Seedlings by High Performance Liquid Chromatography 2019, 35 (13):  36-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010129 Abstract + ( 507 )   PDF ( 1217KB )   ( 309 ) The aim is to study the changes of four phenolic acids in the leaves of maize seedlings before and after drought stress. The content of gallic acid, coumalic acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were quantitatively determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Thermo Scientific Syncronis C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) as analytical column, acetonitrile- 0.5% acetic acid solution with gradient elution, 1.0 mL/min flow rate, 280 nm detection wavelength and 30℃ column temperature. The results showed that the linear relationship between peak area and 1-100 mg/L gallic acid, coumalic acid, chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid was good, the correlation coefficients (R2) were greater than 0.999. Adding standard recovery and precision RSD fulfilled the analysis requirements. The coumalic acid content was relatively high and gallic acid content was relatively low. After drought stress, the contents of the other three phenolic acids decreased except caffeic acid. The contents of four phenolic compounds in different varieties of maize seedlings was different and changed differently under drought stress, which was related to its sensitivity to drought.

  Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Nitrogen Fertilizer Management: Effects on Physiological Characteristics and Yield of Cotton 2019, 35 (13):  42-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010084 Abstract + ( 563 )   PDF ( 1105KB )   ( 328 ) To optimize the fertilization technology of drip irrigation cotton in northern Xinjiang, a field experiment of nitrogen fertilizer combined application with liquid organic fertilizer was carried out in 2016. The single factor randomized block test was conducted in this experiment. 4 treatments were set up, including three nitrogen fertilizer levels and the control. The leaf area index, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic parameters, soluble protein contents, yield and yield compositions were determined. The results showed that, when reducing 20% nitrogen fertilizer and combining liquid organic fertilizer, leaf area index, chlorophyll contents, net photosynthetic rate, physiological characteristics, and yield all were the best. The yield increased by 48.25%, compared with the single nitrogen fertilizer; it increased by 16.61% compared with the unreduced nitrogen fertilizer or reducing 40% nitrogen fertilizer and combining liquid organic fertilizer. Applying liquid organic fertilizer effectively improves the growth condition of plants and the leaf area index of group, increases chlorophyll content and enhances the photosynthetic characteristics, thus promotes cotton production.

  Effects on the Germination of Sugar Beet Seeds: Different Concentrations of PEG 2019, 35 (13):  48-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110090 Abstract + ( 618 )   PDF ( 953KB )   ( 289 ) To study the effect of different concentrations of PEG-6000 on the germination of sugar beet seed at 23℃, and lay the foundation for sugar beet seed initiation research, in this study, the sugar beet seed of TD305 was used as the experimental material, the concentrations of PEG-6000 were 10%, 20%, 40% and 60% and the treatment time was 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, respectively. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index were determined. The results showed that 40% and 60% of PEG-6000 promoted the germination of sugar beet seed by 24 h. 20% and 40% of PEG-6000 promoted the germination of beet seed by 48 h. 10%, 20% and 40% of PEG-6000 promoted the germination of beet seed by 72 h. The PEG treatment showed that the germination potential, germination rate and vigor index were the highest after soaking in 40% of PEG-6000 for 72 h. The germination index was the highest after soaking in 60% of PEG- 6000 for 24 h. At room temperature, the optimum concentration of PEG-6000 could improve the vigor index of sugar beet seed.

  The Sowing Dates of Standardized Production of Garlic in Eastern Henan 2019, 35 (13):  53-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060035 Abstract + ( 537 )   PDF ( 981KB )   ( 441 ) To explore the suitable sowing date of garlic in eastern Henan, and provide a basis for the local garlic standardized production, the experiment was conducted by using‘Zhongmou garlic’as material and eighteen sowing dates were designed. The emergence rate, stem diameter, plant height, dead seedling rate, bolting rate, secondary growth rate, the yield of garlic shoot and the yield of garlic bolt were measured so as to study the effects of different sowing dates on the growth and yield of garlic. The results showed that different sowing dates had different effects on the yield and quality of garlic. Sowing too early, the garlic sprouted slowly, and the growth of a single plant was good, the stem diameter was thick, the plant grew high, but the dead seedling rate was high, and the pests were serious at the seedling stage, so that the overall yield was not high. Sowing too late, the garlic sprouted fast, and the emergence rate was high, the plant grew strong, but the suitable growth period was short, the secondary growth rate was high, and the overall yield was low. Taken together, the optimum sowing date for garlic was about October 4 in eastern Henan, the yields of garlic bolt and garlic shoot were high, and the comprehensive traits were excellent, hence it was the suitable sowing stage for the standardized production of garlic in eastern Henan.

  Non-heading Chinese Cabbage in Oasis Agricultural Area: Agronomic Traits and Yield Performance 2019, 35 (13):  58-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010060 Abstract + ( 603 )   PDF ( 1010KB )   ( 313 ) To breed new varieties of non-heading Chinese cabbage suitable for planting in oasis agricultural areas, we compared the agronomic traits of the test combinations by the variability analysis, variance analysis, correlation analysis and appearance traits comparison. The results showed that: in the variability analysis, the unit yield variation was the largest, followed by that of the plot yield; through the combined analysis of the variance of unit yield and PLSD multiple comparison, the unit yield was extremely significant; the combination with top three unit yield was: K-14(34666.85 kg/hm2), K-5(34400.18 kg/hm2) and K-12(32000.16 kg/hm2); the correlation analysis showed that: the yield per plant was significantly correlated with the unit yield (r=1**); the comparison of appearance traits showed that: K-14 was upright, compact with green leaf, the petiole color was light green and was stiff; the plant type of K-5 was upright, the leaf color was dark green, the petiole color was green; although K-12 was not compact, the leaf color was green, the petiole was light green and quite stiff. In conclusion, K-14, K-5 and K-12 are suitable for planting in Xinjiang oasis agricultural area.

  Genetic Analysis and Gene Mapping for Melon Rind Color 2019, 35 (13):  64-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110127 Abstract + ( 910 )   PDF ( 1708KB )   ( 367 ) To explore the inheritance and genetic loci of melon rind color, the yellow-rind line B432 and green-rind lines B168 and B421 were used as parent to construct six generations of genetic population (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1, BC1P2) to analyze the inheritance of melon rind color. In addition, the BSA-seq and whole genome resequencing technology were used to locate the genetic loci responsible for melon rind color. The results show that the melon rind color is controlled by two genes, of which green has a dominant epistatic effect on white and white is dominant to yellow. The rind color related genes are mapped to the 0.02-5.7 Mb and 0.08- 9.5 Mb intervals of chromosome 4 and chromosome 10, respectively. This experiment preliminarily elucidates the genetic mechanism and the location of the genes controlling the rind color of melon, and could provide a basis for the subsequent fine-grained gene mapping and molecular marker-assisted selection of melon rind color.

  Chilling Requirements of Main Sweet Cherry Cultivars in Shanxi Province 田永强,聂国伟,李 凯 and 张晓萍 2019, 35 (13):  70-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010059 Abstract + ( 1087 )   PDF ( 1018KB )   ( 385 ) To provide certain references on sweet cherry cultivation in greenhouse, chilling requirements of 9 sweet cherry cultivars were calculated using 0-7.2℃ model. The branches of‘Hongmanao’,‘Hongdeng’, ‘Longguan’,‘Longxu’,‘Black Tartarian’,‘Tieton’,‘Rainier’,‘Крупноплодная’,‘Lapins’were collected in Shanxi Province, and their chilling requirements were estimated after low- temperature treatment. The results showed that, chilling requirements were different among the 9 cultivars, and ranged from 500-750 h. Moreover, there were differences between the chilling requirements of flower bud and leaf bud in some cultivars, and there was no obvious correlation between chilling requirements and fruit development period.

  High Temperature in Field: Effect on the Leaf Tissue Structure of Grape Varieties 2019, 35 (13):  74-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010049 Abstract + ( 559 )   PDF ( 1472KB )   ( 477 ) The paper aims to analyze the growth and development characteristics of grape leaves before and after high temperature occurrence. We analyzed the changes of leaf tissue structure of different grape varieties before and after high temperature occurrence in field. The results showed that: the thickness of leaves, palisade tissue, and spongy tissue of‘Shenfeng’,‘Hupei 1#’,‘Zuijinxiang’,‘Jufeng’,‘Jumeigui’were damaged to various degrees under heat stress; and their CTR decreased and SR increased; the thickness of leaves, palisade tissue and sponge tissue of‘Shenhua’,‘Shenyu’, and‘Summer Black’did not alter obviously, and these 3 varieties showed stronger heat tolerance. CTR and SR did not change significantly before and after high temperature occurrence. Above all, compared with the other 5 varieties,‘Shenhua’,‘Shenyu’, and‘Summer Black’have strong adaptability to high temperature.

  Adaptability Selection of Blueberry Varieties in Lijiang, Yunnan 2019, 35 (13):  78-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010067 Abstract + ( 698 )   PDF ( 925KB )   ( 368 ) To understand the high yield and adaptability characters of different blueberry varieties in Lijiang, Yunnan, and select new blueberry varieties with good-quality and high-yield which are suitable for planting in the region, we compared agronomic characters of 8 rabbiteye blueberry varieties, and assessed the main agronomic traits, including bearing branch number, fruit number per branch, plant height, fruit weight, annual branches, crown breadth, and yield per plant based on grey correlation analysis. The results showed that: with plant yield as reference sequence, and other characters constituted comparison sequence, the grey correlation sequence was bearing branch number> fruit number per branch> plant height> fruit weight> annual branches> crown breadth. Taking the ideal variety as the reference sequence, and the other varieties were compared ones, the grey correlation sequence was‘Baldwin’>’Powderblue’>’Brightwell’>’Premier’>’Climax’>’ Gardenblue’>’Homebell’>’Tifblue’. So, ‘Baldwin’, ‘Powderblue’, ‘Brightwell’ and ‘Premier’ are screened out, which have excellent comprehensive characters and are suitable for planting in Lijiang.

  Study of Agricultural Land Scale Management Influence Factor Action Mechanism Based on Measuring Geographic Analysis 2019, 35 (13):  83-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030139 Abstract + ( 543 )   PDF ( 2217KB )   ( 226 ) Agricultural land scale management has great significance to improve food production, protect cultivated land and increase farmers’income. Existing study mainly focused on the policy system or study from the social and economic perspective, had not taken the nature attribute of agricultural land into consideration, but the nature attribute has direct action and impact to the agricultural land management scale. The paper takes three townships of Heilongjiang as the study area, takes the remote sensing image in 2015 as the data source, under the platform of RS and GIS, establishes the agricultural land scale management database, uses the measuring geographic model to get the natural influencing factors, uses the questionnaires to get the environmental influencing factors,uses logistics model to find out the main influencing factors to agricultural land scale management, and rank the main influencing factors, in order to analysis the action mechanism of the factors to agricultural land scale management. The result has great significance to protect the food security and promote the process of agricultural modernization.

  A Case Study of Wastewater Treatment on Pig Farm 2019, 35 (13):  91-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010080 Abstract + ( 500 )   PDF ( 1241KB )   ( 479 ) The purpose is to study the combined treatment and disposal of pig farm wastewater. The wastewater of pig farms in Yong’an, Fujian was treated by solid-liquid separation, anaerobic fermentation and biological lagoon sequentially. The results show that the effluent quality of SS, CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N and TP is 48.0, 138.0, 37.3, 41.6 and 2.02 mg/L, respectively, meeting the discharge standard of pollutants for livestock and poultry breeding (GB 18596-2001). Analysis of the investment cost and benefit indicate that the technique has low cost and soon payback.

  Rape Florescence in Alpine Region: The Relationship with Meteorological Conditions and Prediction Model 2019, 35 (13):  95-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110088 Abstract + ( 566 )   PDF ( 1297KB )   ( 452 ) To provide a methodological support for accurately predicting the initial flowering period of rape in alpine regions. The initial flowering data of the rape and ground meteorological observation data were adopted in this paper over the Guinan County Meteorological Bureau of Qinghai Province from 1991 to 2017, and applied climate propensity rate and statistical analysis such as Mann-Kendall mutation method, studied the relationship between the initial flowering period of rape and meteorological conditions, and predicted it with multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the initial flowering period of rape in the high-cold southern Guinan region was delayed by 3d/10a, and it occurred a mutation in the initial flowering period of rape around 1998 with the warming of the climate. The initial flowering period of rape was significantly positively correlated with the average temperature and ≥0°C of the accumulated temperature in May, and with the average maximum temperature and average wind speed significantly extremely. However, it was significant negative correlation with the precipitation and relative humidity extremely in May. It established a prediction model for the initial flowering period of rape by multivariate regression analysis method. The established prediction model was used to measure the initial flowering period of rape, and the retro-generation effects was good.

  Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Surface Humid Condition in Qingyang from 1981 to 2016 杜军 2019, 35 (13):  101-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010096 Abstract + ( 521 )   PDF ( 1560KB )   ( 374 ) The surface humid index is calculated based on the precipitation, temperature, sunshine and other observation data of 8 meteorological stations in Qingyang from 1981 to 2016 and the potential evapotranspiration is estimated by the improved Thornthwaite formula, and the spatial and temporal change characteristics are analyzed. The results showed that: in the past 36 years, the spatial distribution characteristics of surface humid conditions and that of each period of Qingyang were drought in the north and wet in the south, and the humidity increased from northwest to southeast. The average surface humid index had a tendency of fluctuate decrease with the change of time, and the rate was 0.05/10 a, which indicated that Qingyang had an increasingly arid trend. The 1980s was the wettest period in Qingyang, during this period, the wet level was relatively high. The driest period was the 1990s, with the surface humid index below the 30 years’ average. After 2000, the wetness degree of Qingyang increased slightly, but the wet and dry distribution showed the characteristics of polarization, and the difference between wet and dry areas in the northwest and the southeast increased. Precipitation and potential evapotranspiration showed opposite characteristics over the time, the precipitation decreased with time while the potential evapotranspiration increased. Surface wetness index was strongly correlated with precipitation and potential evapotranspiration, followed by sunshine, and temperature was the weakest factor.

  Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Summer Rainfall and Rainstorm in Heilongjiang 2019, 35 (13):  107-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110012 Abstract + ( 597 )   PDF ( 1382KB )   ( 360 ) Based on the daily precipitation data of 80 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang, the variation characteristics of summer rainfall and rainstorm in recent 55 years (1961 to 2015) were analyzed to provide a basis for grain production. The study was carried out by using trend coefficients and GIS spatial interpolation techniques from the aspects of summer rainfall, the trend of rainfall variation, rainstorm frequency and the trend of rainstorm variation. The results showed that the Lesser Khingan Mountains and the Zhangguangcai Mountains had the highest summer rainfall of above 360 mm, the lowest was in the Sanjiang Plain and the Songnen Plain, which was between 300 to 320 mm. The summer rainfall increased in the Songnen Plain and the Great Khingan Mountains, and decreased in the Lesser Khingan Mountains and Sanjiang Plains. The average summer rainfall of Heilongjiang showed a decreasing trend, with an average decrease of 2 mm every 10 years, the lowest was in the 1970s and the highest was in the 1980s. The most average number of rainstorm days occurred in the southwest of the Lesser Khingan Mountains and the west of Zhangguangcai Mountains, followed by the Sanjiang Plain and the Songnen Plain, the Great Khingan Mountains had the least rainstorm days. Rainstorm occurrence stations showed a significant upward trend, increased by 2.3 stations every 10 years, the number of rainstorm occurrence stations was the least in 1970s and the most after 2010. The maximum daily rainfall basically decreased from southwest to northeast. The maximum daily rainfall in most areas of southwest was above 120 mm, and that in northeast was below 120 mm.

  X-Band Double Polarization Doppler Radar: Precipitation Observation 2019, 35 (13):  112-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100052 Abstract + ( 509 )   PDF ( 1813KB )   ( 381 ) Based on various parameters of X- band double polarization radar and the observation data of precipitation from radar and related stations, we briefly described the X-band double polarization doppler radar from two aspects: basic composition and working modes, and aiming at a convective precipitation weather process in Inner Mongolia on August 9, 2014, we analyzed the X-band double polarization doppler radar precipitation observation. The results showed that: (1) during the process of fluid thunderstorm cloud precipitation, most ice crystals would melt into small raindrops in 6-8 km, or existed in the form of frozen droplets; (2) when strong thunderstorm clouds occurred, in the upper part of a strong thunderstorm cloud, most of the small particles were present, and there were not a large number of water-forming particles. The research can not only explore the radar’s ability to quantitatively estimate precipitation, but also improve the applicability of X-band double polarized radar to precipitation observation.

  ECMWF Fine Mesh: Forecast Performance Evaluation of 10 m Wind in Zhejiang Coastal Area 2019, 35 (13):  119-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100070 Abstract + ( 511 )   PDF ( 2351KB )   ( 260 ) In order to improve the service of forecasting wind in Zhejiang coastal, this paper evaluated the forecast performance of the ECMWF fine mesh 10 m wind from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014, and interpolated them into the coastal stations comparing with the observed data. The results show that under the influence of cold air, the mean error of Zhejiang coastal is negative, and the distribution and variation trend of the absolute error are consistent with the mean error; under the influence of typhoon, the mean error of 24 h forecast time is positive, while it gradually turns to negative with the forecast time increasing, the absolute error of Yushan fishery, Wentai fishery and Zhouwai fishery is larger than other fisheries. In addition, the correlation coefficient of the forecast value and the observed data decreases with forecast time increasing, and the mean value of the correlation coefficient decreases with the increase of altitude. the forecast value of ECMWF fine mesh model is bigger than the observed data for Daishan and Longshancun, and smaller for Langang.; the dispersion of the mean error increases with forecast time increasing.

  Adults of Euzophera pyriella: Observation on the Internal Reproductive System Structure 2019, 35 (13):  126-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120059 Abstract + ( 496 )   PDF ( 1778KB )   ( 269 ) To clarify the structural characteristics of the reproductive system of the adults of Euzophera pyriella, we dissected and analyzed the internal reproductive systems of male and female Euzophera pyriella adults. The results showed that: the internal reproductive system of male adult mainly consisted of a pair of testis to heal nearly spherical spermary which was connected with two seminal vesicles by vas deferens, and the lower end of seminal vesicles were attached to the front-end of accessory gland and the middle of ejaculatory duct by vas deferens, and the front- end of ejaculatory duct was jointed to accessory gland, the inferior extremity of ejaculatory duct was attached to injective spermiduct, the end of injective spermiduct and penis were interconnected. And the internal reproductive system of female adult was mainly composed of two group ovaries (four ovarian tubes per group), the upper end of the ovary was jointed to sling, the lower end of ovary was attached to two lines of lateral oviducts, the lateral oviducts converged to a single median oviduct, the terminal median oviduct was articulated with developed pyriform copulatory bursa, spermatheca and accessory gland capsule, and the copulatory bursa and spermatheca jointly communicated with the seminal duct, and the accessory gland capsule was related to accessory gland. The reproductive system of male adults consists of a spherical spermary, two seminal vesicles, vas deferens, one ejaculatory duct, two accessory glands and one injective spermiduct. And the reproductive system of female adults consists of eight ovaries, two lines of lateral oviducts, a median oviduct, a pyriform copulatory bursa, a spermatheca, an accessory gland capsule and a longer accessory gland.

  Pyrethrum Based on Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry: Analysis on Volatile Metabolites 2019, 35 (13):  130-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010042 Abstract + ( 560 )   PDF ( 1396KB )   ( 338 ) We investigated and compared the volatile components released by the leaves and flowers of pyrethrum, and the inflorescences at 5 different development periods (bud period, first- opening period, middle-opening period, full-opening period, late-opening period) by using the solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that: (1) totally 19 main components were detected in the volatiles of leaves and flowers of pyrethrum, which belonged to 4 volatile categories including green leaf volatile, monoterpene, sesquiterpene and the others; green leaf volatile and sesquiterpene were the main categories with high mass fraction; (2) volatile compounds emitted from different development periods of flowers showed different patterns: E-β-farnesene was the dominant component released the highest in the first-opening period, then declined in later periods; green leaf volatiles emitted the highest in the flower bud period and then continuously decreased in later periods. Monoterpenes and other compounds were gradually rising after full- opening period. The results can provide a foundation to the study of volatile compounds emitted by the pyrethrum and a basis for further research on the pest resistance of pyrethrum.

  Effects of Two Herbicides on Weeding and Yield of Autumn Tartary Buckwheat in Yunnan 卢文洁,尹桂芳,王艳青 and 2019, 35 (13):  136-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020001 Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 1227KB )   ( 281 ) To study the effect of herbicides on weeding, and safety and yield of tartary buckwheat in autumn sowing field in Yunnan,‘Yunqiao 1’was used as material, four treatments were conducted: no weeding, artificial weeding , chemical weeding (S-metolachlor and acetochlor) and spray on soil before seedling. The results showed that S- metolachlor and acetochlor had good control effect on weeds in autumn tartary buckwheat field, and the effect of S-metolachlor on broad leaf grass was higher than that on grassy weed; the control effect of acetochlor on grassy weed was higher than that on broad leaf grass. However, both of them inhibited the emergence and growth of tartary buckwheat seedling, and seriously affected the yield of buckwheat. Therefore, we recommend that S-metolachlor should be used for buckwheat fields dominated by broad leaf grass, and acetochlor herbicide should be used for tartary buckwheat fields dominated by grassy weed. We need further to detect and screen out the optimum concentration of herbicide for tartary buckwheat field, which has better control effect and does not affect the yield.

  Fruiting Body of Agaricus sinodeliciosus: Nutritional Quality Analysis 2019, 35 (13):  140-145.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020005 Abstract + ( 607 )   PDF ( 1214KB )   ( 356 ) The paper aims to study the nutritional contents of Agaricus sinodeliciosus. The nutritional quality of domesticated Agaricus sinodeliciosus is determined by the National Standard Law on Food Safety. The results show that: the crude protein of Agaricus sinodeliciosus is 33.75 g/100 g, there are 18 types of amino acids in it and the content of 8 essential amino acids accounts for 40.5% of the total, the ratio of essential and unessential amino acids (E/N) is 68.1; the amino acid score, chemical score and essential amino acid index is 8.06, 5.56, 75.8, respectively; the content of umami amino acids is 5.4312 g/100 g; in addition, there are also rich mineral elements, and the contents of selenium, zinc, boron and sodium are significantly higher than those in the control group. Agaricus sinodeliciosus is a kind of rare edible fungus with rich protein content, low fat content, delicious taste and high nutritional value, and is suitable for the general population, and it has a good prospect of development and utilization.

  Immunocolloidal Gold Technology: Advances and Application 2019, 35 (13):  146-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110080 Abstract + ( 724 )   PDF ( 1063KB )   ( 437 ) The immunocolloidal gold technique is a novel immunolabeling technique that combines the specific color reaction of colloidal gold with the specific reaction of antigen and antibody to achieve the purpose of detection. This technology is easy to operate and has high specificity. Recently, immunocolloidal gold technology has developed rapidly by combining with raman spectrum and fluorescence spectrum methods. In this article, we reviewed the researches on immunocolloidal gold chromatography, turbidimetry and speckle filtration technologies, the recent development of the immunocolloidal gold technique in combination with new technologies and its application in drug residue detecting, and discussed its advancing trend.

  Prediction of Tobacco Yield in Shaoyang Based on Principal Component Analysis and SVR 2019, 35 (13):  152-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030137 Abstract + ( 596 )   PDF ( 1242KB )   ( 360 ) To accurately predict the yield of tobacco in Shaoyang, soil samples from 70 tobacco growing areas were taken as the research objects. Firstly, the principal component analysis (PCA) was used to analyze the impact of 19 soil nutrient indexes on tobacco yield. The results showed that the yield of tobacco in Shaoyang was mainly affected by 9 soil nutrient indexes, including organic matter, available zinc, available boron, available manganese, available sulfur, exchangeable calcium, total potassium, available iron and available potassium. After that, support vector regression (SVR) was used to predict the tobacco yield of the 70 tobacco growing areas in Shaoyang. The results showed that the mean square error (MSE) of prediction results with 9 soil nutrient indexes was significantly less than the MSE of prediction results with 19 soil nutrient indexes. Finally, compared with that of random forest regression algorithm, the prediction accuracy of SVR was obviously better. The method based on principal component analysis and support vector regression is effective to predict tobacco yield in Shaoyang.

  Species Identification of Wetland Vegetation: Based on Machine Learning and Hyperspcetral Data 2019, 35 (13):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110118 Abstract + ( 545 )   PDF ( 1725KB )   ( 372 ) The paper aims to explore the species identification of wetland vegetation by using hyperspectral and high spatial resolution remote sensing data. Based on the analysis of the original reflection spectra, secondorder differential spectra and continuum removal spectra of 6 wetland vegetation species, we extracted the characteristic bands by the methods of Mahalanobis distance and correlation coefficient, and took it as a characteristic parameter to participate in the classification and information extraction of C5.0 decision tree. The results showed that: (1) the overall classification accuracy of C5.0 decision tree based on machine learning was 79.87% , and the Kappa coefficient was 0.765; compared with the supervised classification maximum likelihood method, the overall accuracy of vegetation information extraction increased by 9.95% , and the Kappa coefficient increased by 0.114; (2) compared with the maximum likelihood method, the C5.0 decision tree method based on machine learning had the unique advantage that the information extraction precision of algae was greatly improved, and the user precision of watermifoil and Egeria increased the most, by 18.67% and 15.86%, respectively. The method can achieve high-precision extraction of wetland vegetation species information, provide reference for similar research, and supply scientific and technical support for wetland ecological health assessment.