Abstract: Under the field test conditions, the new wheat variety‘Shangmai 156’was used as the material to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on dry matter accumulation, distribution, translocation and yield by setting four nitrogen application levels as N1 (0 kg/hm2), N2 (120 kg/hm2), N3 (225 kg/hm2) and N4 (330 kg/hm2). The results showed that the application of nitrogen fertilizer in a certain range (0-225 kg/hm2) was conducive to the accumulation of dry matter, and could promote the transport and distribution of photosynthetic products accumulated in vegetative organs to panicles at the early stage of growth and development. The dry matter transport capacity, translocation rate and contribution rate to grain were the highest under N3 (225 kg/hm2); The number of ears per unit area increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, while the number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with the increase of nitrogen application rate, and the final yield was N3＞N2＞N4＞N1, N3 had no obvious difference with N2, but extremely significant difference with N4 and N1. In summary, the optimal nitrogen application rate of‘Shangmai 156’under this test condition is 225 kg/hm2.