Abstract: We investigated and compared the volatile components released by the leaves and flowers of pyrethrum, and the inflorescences at 5 different development periods (bud period, first- opening period, middle-opening period, full-opening period, late-opening period) by using the solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that: (1) totally 19 main components were detected in the volatiles of leaves and flowers of pyrethrum, which belonged to 4 volatile categories including green leaf volatile, monoterpene, sesquiterpene and the others; green leaf volatile and sesquiterpene were the main categories with high mass fraction; (2) volatile compounds emitted from different development periods of flowers showed different patterns: E-β-farnesene was the dominant component released the highest in the first-opening period, then declined in later periods; green leaf volatiles emitted the highest in the flower bud period and then continuously decreased in later periods. Monoterpenes and other compounds were gradually rising after full- opening period. The results can provide a foundation to the study of volatile compounds emitted by the pyrethrum and a basis for further research on the pest resistance of pyrethrum.