Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.14 Published:15 May 2019

  Study on the Correlation Between Chlorate Resistance and Nitrate Reductase (NR), Nitrite Reductase (NIR) of Oryza sativa 2019, 35 (14):  1-7.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060030 Abstract + ( 759 )   PDF ( 1107KB )   ( 674 ) Chlorate resistance is one of the reliable characters in Indica/Japonica classification. To understand the mechanism of chlorate resistance is very important for revealing the evolutionary mechanism of Indica/ Japonica differentiation. In this study, 4 Indica materials and 4 Japonica materials were used to detect the correlation between nitrate reductase (NR), nitrite reductase (NIR) and chlorate resistance. NR activity showed a significantly positive correlation with chlorate response index (r=0.716*, 0.046 significance level), and the correlation of NIR activity and chlorate response index was not significant (r=- 0.628, 0.096 significance level), whereas the ratio of NIR/NR showed a very significantly negative correlation with chlorate response index (r=- 0.879**, 0.004 significance level). When NR activity was inhibited partially, NIR activity was changed with a significantly negative correlation with chlorate response index (r=-0.709*, 0.049 significance level). Therefore, we deduce that the ratio of NIR/NR may be a strong influence on chlorate resistance, and a great value for revealing the mechanism of chlorate resistance of Oryza sativa.

  Effect of Cultivation Density on Grain Yield of Super Hybrid Rice and Nutrients Absorption Under Different Soil Fertilities 2019, 35 (14):  8-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050073 Abstract + ( 703 )   PDF ( 943KB )   ( 487 ) Suitable cultivation density of super hybrid rice is selected to optimize the rice population structure, and to provide technological support for establishing a high-yield cultivation model. Five cultivation densities under high and medium-low soil fertility in paddy field were designed to measure grain yield of super hybrid rice, biomass of rice straw and components of grain yield, and to analyze nutrients content in rice grain and straw. The results showed that grain yield of super hybrid rice had significant difference among different cultivation densities. Rice yield of wide-narrow row increased by 19.5% (MD5, 13.41 t/hm2), 10.7% (MD4, 12.42 t/hm2), 7.7% (MD3, 12.09 t/hm2) and 0.6% (MD2, 11.29 t/hm2) compared with the conventional cultivation density in the high soil fertility paddy field. And the increasing ranges were 8.2% (MD3, 9.41 t/hm2), 6.3% (MD4, 9.24 t/hm2), 5.7% (MD5, 9.19 t/hm2) and 5.0 % (MD2, 9.12 t/hm2) in the medium-low soil fertility paddy field. Height of rice plant and grain number per panicle increased significantly under the cultivation density of“Big-wide-row and narrow-strain”(40-15 cm) in the high soil fertility paddy field, and it promoted nitrogen and potassium absorption ability. Thus, the cultivation density should be selected based on the fertility level of paddy field.“Big-wide-row and narrow-strain”cultivation model is recommended for super hybrid rice under the high soil fertility paddy field, and is beneficial to big ear growth.“Wide-narrow row”cultivation (30-20 cm) has better performance in the medium-low soil fertility paddy field.

  Rice Simplified Fertilization in Acid Sulphate Soil 2019, 35 (14):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040065 Abstract + ( 602 )   PDF ( 912KB )   ( 459 ) To clarify the effect of simplified fertilization on the rice growth, field experiments of different soil improvement and fertilization measures were conducted on acid sulphate soil (ASS). The results showed that applying soil conditioner (SC) and calcium magnesium phosphate (CMP) had the best effect on early rice growth, the average increase rate was 6.4%-6.7%. In contrast, microbial organic fertilizer (MOF) had the best effect on late rice growth, the average increase rate was 5.4%. The basic nutrient application of slow/controlled release fertilizer with single basal fertilization was sufficient for rice, which could promote the early tillering and maintain the continuous nutrient supply. Compared with the normal fertilization, the slow-release fertilizer (SRF) applied on early rice could increase rice yield by 4.1%, the controlled-release bulk blending fertilizer (CRF) applied on late rice could increase the yield by 4.2% . In sum, the optimal simplified fertilization technology for rice in acid sulphate soil is single basal application of slow- release fertilizer with high phosphorus and organic fertilizer.

  The Main Quality Traits of Brassica napus L. DH Population: Correlation Analysis and Principal Component Analysis 2019, 35 (14):  18-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050023 Abstract + ( 648 )   PDF ( 909KB )   ( 516 ) The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between quality traits of Brassica napus, and promote and improve the quality traits of rapeseed. One hundred and seventy DH lines were tested at field experiments in 2009-2012 years and corresponding to phenotypic data of seed quality traits were obtained for three consecutive years. Through phenotypic, correlation and principal component analysis to analyze quality traits data of DH lines. The results showed that: the variation coefficient of the erucic acid content was the highest between the female and male parent (up to 15.53%). The variation range of glucosinolate content in DH population was the largest and reached to 128.43μmol/g, but the variation range of saturated fatty acids was the smallest, and only 1.97%. The quality phenotypic variation in DH population showed a phenomenon of over parental inheritance. In addition to erucic acid, oil content showed a significant negative correlation with other quality traits, especially the negative correlation coefficient with protein content was the largest (-0.72). The protein content was extremely significant positive correlation with oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and glucosinolate content, but it was extremely negatively correlation with oil content and erucic acid content. Except for protein content, other quality traits contents showed extremely significant or not significant negative correlation with glucosinolate content. The quality traits can be synthesized into oleic and linoleic acid factors, protein factor, linolenic acid factor and glucosinolate factor via principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate reached to 93.94%, which basically reflects the comprehensive information of the quality traits in DH population of Brassica napus.

  Influence of Planting Density on Agronomic Traits and Yield of No-till Mountain Rapeseed 2019, 35 (14):  25-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050138 Abstract + ( 671 )   PDF ( 1042KB )   ( 490 ) The paper aims to explore the optimum planting density of rapeseed in no-till low latitude mountain areas. By using grey relation analysis and fuzzy cluster analysis, agronomic traits and yield of ten planting densities of rapeseed grown in no-till mountain areas with 4 different latitudes were compared in 2013-2015 in Yuxi. The results showed that: (1) with the increase of planting density, the lodging index rose, and the growth period, frozen percentage, frozen index, incidence of powdery mildew and disease index had an increasing trend, however, bird damage percentage and bird damage index appeared a decreasing trend; (2) the main agronomic traits were significantly different due to the difference of planting density, the number of effective pods per plant and productivity per plant decreased with the rise of planting density, seeds per pod and thousand-seed weight declined to different degrees as well; (3) there were varied associations between main agronomic traits and the planting density; (4) the yield under different planting densities varied a lot. The optimum planting density of 300-360 thousand plants per hectare is recommended for the low latitude no-till mountain areas.

  Prediction Model of Rapeseed Yield in Alpine Region: Based on Multiple Regression 2019, 35 (14):  32-35.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010155 Abstract + ( 567 )   PDF ( 989KB )   ( 453 ) The paper aims to supply method support for accurate predicting of rapeseed yield in the alpine region. By using ground meteorological observation data and the data of rapeseed yield in Guinan Meteorological Bureau from 1991 to 2015, the meteorological factors influencing the rapeseed yield were analyzed. The results showed that: the key factor affecting the rapeseed yield was precipitation of June and July. The prediction model of the rapeseed yield was established by multiple regression analysis method, and good back prediction results were achieved by using the established prediction model.

  Application Methods of Super Absorbent Polymers: Effect on Root Characters and Growth of Poplar Seedlings and Soil Enzyme Activities 李庆国 and 张晓文 2019, 35 (14):  36-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070081 Abstract + ( 574 )   PDF ( 1012KB )   ( 388 ) The paper aims to explore the effects of different application methods of super absorbent polymers (SAPs) on root characters and growth of Populus euramericana ‘Neva’ seedlings under the condition of reducing the irrigation amount. Based on a pot experiment including 5 treatments, i.e. CK (neither fertilizer nor SAP was applied), U (urea was applied alone), S (SAP was applied alone), SUM (SAP was mixed with urea) and SUG (gel was made of SAP and urea), we studied the effects of application methods of SAPs on root characters and growth of Populus euramericana‘Neva’seedlings, and enzyme activities of rhizosphere soil. The results indicated that: compared with U treatment, the SUG treatment obviously improved the root activity, the total absorption area and the active absorption area of root, and the root exudate content of Populus euramericana ‘Neva’seedlings, meanwhile, SUG treatment obviously enhanced the activity of urease, dehydrogenase, polyphenol oxidase and invertase, additionally, the SUG treatment significantly promoted the growth of plant height and ground diameter. However, S and SUM treatments had less effect on the root characters and growth of Populus euramericana‘Neva’seedlings compared with SUG treatment. As a result, among the 3 application methods of SAPs, SUG treatment is beneficial to improving the root characters, enzyme activities, and promoting the growth of Populus euramericana‘Neva’seedlings under the condition of reducing the irrigation amount.

  Tissue Culture of Fraxinus velutina: Rapid Propagation 2019, 35 (14):  41-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020067 Abstract + ( 587 )   PDF ( 1263KB )   ( 290 ) The paper aims to establish a rapid breeding system of Fraxinus velutina. Taking the stem segment with axillary buds as materials, we explored the effects of basic medium, plant growth regulator concentrations and ratios on the rapid propagation for tissue culture of Fraxinus velutina. The results showed that: MS and DKW could both be used as the basic medium for the tissue culture of Fraxinus velutina; the best multiplication culture medium was MS+ 0.5 mg/L TDZ+0.5 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L IBA with the average coefficient of multiplication of 7.1, and the optimal seedling medium was MS+0.1 mg/L KT+0.5 mg/L TDZ+ 0.01 mg/L NAA and the average seedling height was 7.15 cm

  Optimization of Apical Meristem in Vitro Culture Condition of‘1st Ning Waxy Taro’ 2019, 35 (14):  47-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060068 Abstract + ( 520 )   PDF ( 1389KB )   ( 296 ) To enrich the taro germplasms in Fujian Province and accelerate the application of elite varieties, using the apical bud and lateral bud of‘1st Ning waxy taro’tuber as explants, adventitious buds were induced from apical meristem culture. Based on the orthogonal experiment, the two factors of TDZ concentration and temperature were optimized using adventitious bud multiplication coefficient as a response value with central composite design of response surface method. The results showed that TDZ was more appropriate for the clustered buds induction from apical meristem, compared with 6-BA. The bud germination was significantly promoted on MS medium when supplemented with 0.1-0.2 mg/L TDZ, and the planting rates were 76.7%- 80.0%. ELISA of taro mosaic virus (DMV) detection kits showed that the detoxification rate of induced bud was 90%. The response surface method showed that the optimal culture condition of adventitious buds subculture multiplication was MS +TDZ 0.31 mg /L, and the culture temperature was 30.32℃. The predicted value of multiplication coefficient was 9.08, while the actual value was 8.86. Therefore, the response surface method can effectively optimize the subculture multiplication condition of adventitious buds from‘1st Ning waxy taro’ .

  Comparative Analysis of Cassava Leaf Quality in Different Growing Periods 2019, 35 (14):  54-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070008 Abstract + ( 846 )   PDF ( 1155KB )   ( 329 ) To improve the utilization of cassava by- product, the leaves of four edible cassava varieties, including‘SC9’,‘SC12’,‘SC6068’and‘Reyin No.1’were used as materials, the effects of different cyanide removal treatments on cyanide, total flavonoids and proteins of tender leaves, young leaves, and mature leaves were compared and analyzed, and then the principal components analysis were conducted by SAS system. The results showed that the nutrient loss of dried leaves was less, but the cyanide content was significantly higher than the food safety standard, while the cyanide content of leaves after 70℃ water bathing treatment was within the scope of the food safety standard, but the total flavonoids reduced sharply. In terms of varieties and various indicators of leaf growth stages, there were significant differences among varieties, and there were also significant differences at different growth stages. The total flavonoids of‘SC6068’were the highest, reaching 31.663 mg/g. According to the comprehensive evaluation of principal components, from the point of the growth stages, leaves of four varieties of drying treatment was better than the 70℃ water bathing treatment, but cyanide content was high. From the point of varieties, the drying treatment of two varieties‘SC12’and ‘SC6068’was better than the 70℃ water bathing, and the comprehensive evaluation value of F1 was 2.5892, 2.5272 respectively, which would be considered as a way of resource utilization for food to develop antioxidant active substances. In conclusion, this study shows that the processing and utilization methods of different cassava varieties are closely related to the total flavonoids and cyanide of leaves, and direct drying has less influence on total flavonoids, which is suitable for processing fermented feed, while the cyanide is decreased after 70℃ water bathing treatment, which is suitable for food processing.

  Post-Harvest Treatment and Germination Temperature of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Seeds 2019, 35 (14):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070030 Abstract + ( 631 )   PDF ( 1376KB )   ( 501 ) The purpose is to explore the harvest stage, drying temperature, seed size and germination temperature of capsule of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, and provide technical support for seedling breeding. Using the M. crystallinum capsules and seeds as materials, the effects of different harvest stages, capsule drying temperature, seed size and germination temperature on seed germination were studied. The results showed that the highest germination rate was obtained when the capsule turned to yellow and the water content was below 20%. The germination rate of brown capsule was the second, and that of the green capsule was the worst. The seed germination rate of 0.7-0.9 mm seeds was the highest, 82.3%. Drying of capsule showed that capsule dried at 40℃ for 5.5 h were easy to be crushed and threshed, the seed moisture content was below 7%, and the germination rate of seeds was above 89%. The seed germination rate at 25℃ was the highest, 83%. When the capsule turns yellow, it should be harvested, then dried at 40℃ for 5.5 h, and then treated with a 0.7-0.9 mm mesh sieve. The germination rate of the seeds treated by the above process is the highest. The optimum temperature of seed germination is 25℃.

  Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Tea Germplasm from Baiying Mountain in Yunnan 2019, 35 (14):  68-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060128 Abstract + ( 787 )   PDF ( 1133KB )   ( 394 ) The paper aims to study the genetic diversity of tea germplasm in Baiying mountain. The capillary electrophoresis detection with fluorescent EST-SSR marker was used to analyze the genetic polymorphism and genetic relationship of 68 tea plant germplasm. The results showed that: (1) the population biology morphological variation was very rich, covering trees, small trees and shrubs; large leaf, middle leaf and small leaf; oval, oblong and lanceolate; the amount of bud fuzz changed continuously from less to more; (2) the 34 pairs of EST-SSR primers showed that the average of heterozygosity was 0.6981 in Baiying mountain, the observe heterozygosity was 0.5982, the polymorphism information content was 0.6686, the Shannon’s information index was 1.6068; the number of digits and observed alleles were 4.1761 and 9.7353, respectively; (3) the tea germplasm was divided into 5 subpopulations based on Evanno statistical model, the gene flow value among five subpopulations was 1.8995, and the coefficient of genetic differentiation between populations (Fst) was 0.1163. Each subgroup was a moderately differentiated group. There were gene exchanges among subgroups.

  Intensity of LED Blue Light Affects the Growth, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Saponin Accumulation of Paris polyphylla var. yunnannensis 2019, 35 (14):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040090 Abstract + ( 686 )   PDF ( 1020KB )   ( 372 ) It aims to provide a basis for cultivation of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis and application of LED light source. Experimental light source was the elemental blue LED light with wavelength of 460 nm, 3-yearold seedlings of P. polyphylla var. yunnannens were cultivated under the light intensity treatment of 50, 100, 150, 200 μmol/(m2 ·s) respectively to observe their growth status. The results showed that the plant height, ground biological yield, leaf net photosynthetic rate, and underground biological yield of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were the highest at 150 μmol/(m2 ·s) treatment, the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate were the highest under the treatment of 100 μmol/(m2 ·s) and the lowest at 200 μmol/(m2 ·s) treatment. The effects of different light intensities on light energy conversion efficiency and reaction activity of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis were not significant. The contents of different saponin components and total saponin in rhizome increased and then decreased with the increase of blue light intensity. The saponin content was the highest at 100 μmol/(m2·s) treatment and the lowest at 200 μmol/(m2·s) treatment. Comprehensive analysis of the plant growth condition, leaf photosynthetic characteristics and saponin content indicates that the blue light intensity of 150 μmol/ (m2·s) is the most favorable topromote the leaf growth and photo synthesisand 100 μmol/(m2·s) is the most favorable light intensity for the accumulation of rhizome saponin in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. It is suggested that the blue light intensity should be controlled at 100- 150 μmol/(m2 · s) in the facility cultivation of P. polyphylla var. yunnannensis.

  Bio-organic Fertilizer: Application and Farmland Environmental Effects 2019, 35 (14):  82-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040088 Abstract + ( 643 )   PDF ( 987KB )   ( 444 ) Bio-organic fertilizer plays a significant role in improving crop yield and soil fertility, reducing crop pests and diseases, and environmental pollution, and it is crucial for the development of green agriculture. The authors reviewed the research progress of the application of bio- organic fertilizers on crop growth, soil improvement, greenhouse gas emissions, and agricultural non- point source pollution; pointed out the inadequacies of current research on bio-organic fertilizers, and put forward suggestions on future research directions of bio-organic fertilizer. This paper provides a basis for the rational use of bio-organic fertilizer and sustainable development of water and land resources.

  Water Demand Rule of Beer Barley and Soil Moisture Variation Characteristics in Hexi Region 2019, 35 (14):  89-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050039 Abstract + ( 618 )   PDF ( 1271KB )   ( 344 ) To rationally arrange the farmland irrigation of beer barley and optimize water resources allocation, we used the Penman-Monteith formula recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the meteorological observation data (such as temperature, sunshine and wind speed) in the Yongchang meteorological station in east Hexi region from 2013 to 2017, to calculate the daily water demand during the growing period of beer barley and analyze the water demand law, at the same time, to study the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of soil moisture with automatic soil moisture data. The results showed that the total water requirement during the whole growth period was 608.0 mm. The key periods of water demand were tillering stage, booting stage, milk ripening stage; booting-milk maturity was a period of big water demand. Most of the changes of soil water in development period were contrary to crop water demand trends. The overall trend of soil moisture vertical variation was that the soil moisture gradually increased with the soil depth from shallow to deep. The research results provide a reference for rational irrigation on beer barley.

  Application of Pig Manure Affects Growth of Vegetable, Residues of Antibiotics and Heavy Metals in Soil 2019, 35 (14):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040140 Abstract + ( 691 )   PDF ( 1206KB )   ( 541 ) To investigate the application effects of pig manure containing multiple antibiotics and heavy metal elements on soil and crops, a field experiment was carried out to study the after- one- year effects of decomposed pig manure and fresh pig manure on tetracycline antibiotics [tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), chlortetracycline (CTC)] residues, resistant bacteria and heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cr) in soil. Their effects on soil physical and chemical properties and vegetable yield were also studied. The results showed that the yields of water cabbage, Chinese flowering cabbage, lettuce and green stem vegetable under fresh pig manure (FPM) treatments increased by 11.3%, 3.2%, 75.0% and 6.8% respectively compared with those under decomposed pig manure (CPM) treatments. After one year application of decomposed pig manure (CPM), the number of anti-OTC and anti-TC resistant bacteria in soil was 73.07% and 40.89% higher than that of FPM application, respectively, and the proportion of anti-OTC resistant bacteria to total bacteria was significantly higher than FPM application and CK (163.10% and 307.10%, respectively), the proportion of anti-CTC resistant bacteria to total bacteria was significantly higher than CK (52.3%). The content of TC, OTC, CTC and the total amount of tetracycline antibiotics in soil increased significantly by CPM and FPM. The content of Cd, Cu and Zn in soil of FPM treatments and CPM treatments increased by 52.7%, 33.7% and 29.8% (CPM), 8.7%, 24.1% and 16.9% (FPM), respectively. The content of Cd, Cu and Zn in soil was in order of CPM> FPM>CK. Long-term application of pig manure causes the risk of accumulation of tetracycline antibiotics and heavy metals in soil.

  Daily Evapotranspiration in Beijing: The Regional Distribution Law Based on SEBAL Model 2019, 35 (14):  101-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030098 Abstract + ( 582 )   PDF ( 2140KB )   ( 417 ) To quantitatively study the component-evapotranspiration in the process of surface water conversion in Beijing, we built the SEBAL model through ERDAS based on Landsat7 ETM + remote sensing image information combined with meteorological data, calculated that the average evapotranspiration on July 26, 2014 in Beijing was 2.49 mm, and verified the reliability of the SEBAL inversion results by using the Penman formula and MOD16 product data. The results showed that: the error of evapotranspiration calculated by SEBAL model and Penman’s formula method and MOD16 data product was 3.2% and 3.3%, respectively, which had certain reliability, and the data inversion by Landsat7 had the advantages of convenient data acquisition and high spatial resolution; by comparing the evapotranspiration distribution of each region, it was concluded that the overall evapotranspiration in Beijing was high in the northwest mountainous area and low in the southeast plain which resulted from the high coverage of forest vegetation in the northwest mountainous area; through statistical analysis, the evapotranspiration of the water area was the highest, and that of the hardening area and the building were close to zero; after removing the water body and the hardening area, the

  Prediction of Heavy Snowfall and Snow Depth in Nantong 2019, 35 (14):  109-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110104 Abstract + ( 597 )   PDF ( 1708KB )   ( 387 ) To prevent and mitigate the possible adverse effects of heavy snowfall on facility agriculture, production and life, and to improve the level of snow forecast, 19 regional snowstorms in Nantong since 1951 were analyzed from impact systems, atmospheric temperature stratification, dynamic and water vapor conditions by using conventional high altitude and surface data and ECWMF 0.75°×0.75° reanalysis data. The diagnostic analysis and forecasting process were illustrated with the regional snowstorm in 2013 as an example. The results showed that: (1) Nantong belonged to the north subtropical monsoon climate, and the process of rain or sleet to snowstorm accounted for the majority; to judge the snowfall, we should pay attention to the precipitation after snowfall, and the surface temperature for estimating the depth of snow cover, therefore, we must consider the comprehensive influence of strong cold air downward and strong warm and humid air flow northward; (2) the synoptic systems of heavy snowfall mainly included two westerly troughs, one in the north and the other in the south, as well as mid-low level shears, southwest jets and low-level cold cushion, the example was a typical regional snowstorm weather situation; (3) there were at least two strong SW jets at 500- 850 hPa altitudes, and the strong convergence rise mainly occurred at 700 hPa and above, which provided dynamic and water vapor condition for the formation of snowstorm; the cold cushion was below 850 hPa, and there was a temperature inversion between 850 and 700 hPa; when the air temperature of 850 hPa was ≤-4℃ and air temperature of 2 m level was ≤3℃, the precipitation changed to snow, and the snow cover increased obviously after the surface temperature approached zero; (4) the average 24 h SLR (snow to liquid ratio) in Nantong was more than 10 in pure snowfall snowstorm, the process of rain or sleet to snowstorm was less than 10, and that in the southeast was less than 5, and the precipitation phase transition and SLR could be generally prejudged by air temperature of 850 hPa, and temperature of 2 m level and surface; (5) it was also a feasible method to find the similar process of weather situation from the historical heavy snowfall, compare stratification, dynamic and water vapor conditions, and then enlarge or reduce the snowfall and snow depth of similar processes to infer precipitation and snow depth.

  Gale Days in Southern Qinghai Lake During 1961-2017: Variation Characteristics 毛万珍, and 2019, 35 (14):  115-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010121 Abstract + ( 545 )   PDF ( 1236KB )   ( 463 ) The paper aims to analyze the variation characteristics of the gale days in southern Qinghai lake. Based on the data of the gale days from 1961 to 2017 in Gonghe Meteorological Bureau in southern Qinghai lake, we analyzed the inter- annual, decadal and seasonal change trends of the gale days by using linear tendency estimation, M-K mutation and sliding average method and so on. The results indicated that: (1) the gale days had a significant decline trend in southern Qinghai lake since 1961 with a rate of 2.0 d/10 a; (2) the gale days in spring, summer, autumn and winter were decreasing in Gonghe region, the magnitude of the decrease of the gale days was in the following order: spring>summer>autumn>winter; there was a significant decrease in gale days in spring and summer; (3) the mutation analysis showed that: the annual gale days had a mutation in 1975, and the gale days in the four seasons had no mutation. The study is valuable to the prevention and mitigation of climatic disasters, the reasonable utilization of climatic resources and the improvement of the environmental ecosystem.

  The temporal dynamics and structure of insect community in the rotation field of flue-cured tobacco and oilseed rape 2019, 35 (14):  122-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030029 Abstract + ( 630 )   PDF ( 1220KB )   ( 304 ) The paper aims to clarify the temporal dynamics and structure of insect community in the rotation field of flue-cured tobacco and oilseed rape, and provide a reference for pest integrated management of fluecured tobacco. In 2016, the insect species and numbers were investigated by Malaise trap in the rotation field of flue-cured tobacco and oilseed rape in Yuxi City. The results showed that a total of 5089 insect samples were collected and the insects belonged to 9 orders, 26 taxa. Leafhopper and phalaenae were the dominant species of phytophagous insects. Ichneumon and braconidae were the dominant species of parasitic insects. Predaceous syrphidae was the dominant species of predacious insects. Population peak of phalaenae was from June to July, population peak of leafhopper was September. Population peak of ichneumon was September. Population peak of braconidae was June. Population peak of predaceous syrphidae was from April to May. The diversity index, richness index and evenness index reached peak in June in the rotation field, the maximum was 1.9850, 2.7620 and 1.0000, respectively. The dominance index reached peak in March, the maximum was 0.8840. Ss/Si (the number of species divided by the number of individuals) was between 0.0088 and 0.1385, Sn/Sp (the number of natural enemy species divided by the number of phytophagous species) was between 0.7142 and 0.2000. Ss/Si index and Sn/Sp index reached peak in August. The structure of insect community was the most stable from June to August.

  Biological Characteristics and Anastomosis Groups of Rhizoctonia solani Associated with Chinese Cabbage Brown Rot in Lanzhou 2019, 35 (14):  129-137.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040138 Abstract + ( 580 )   PDF ( 2648KB )   ( 297 ) To provide information for the disease control, 8 strains of Rhizoctonia solani isolated from diseased mini Chinese cabbage in Honggu and Yongdeng of Lanzhou were used for testing morphology, cardinal temperature, pathogenicity, fungicide sensibility, and anastomosis group identification. The optimal growth temperatures were evaluated by temperature gradient method, and microsclerotia forming status was observed in the meantime. Numbers of nuclei were observed by staining with safranin O and KOH. The pathogenicity was determined by inoculation to detached leaves. Fungicide sensitivity of R. solani strains was assessed by amendment plate method, autoclaved PDA media were amended prior to pouring with 5 different fungicides. Phylogenetic tree was established based on rDNA- ITS (ITS1- 5.8S- ITS2) sequences of test strains. The results showed that: the optimal growth temperature of all other strains was 25℃, except Rh-5, whose was 15-20℃. All tested strains could produce microsclerotia cultured on PDA plate at 5-30℃. Numbers of nuclei of strain Rh-1- Rh-8 was 3-6, 6-14, 3-18, 4-15, 3-10, 4-10, 3-10 and 4-8, respectively. Detached leaves of mini Chinese cabbage inoculated by strain Rh-2-Rh-6, infected in 2 d at 20℃, had the incidence of 75%-100% in 7 d after inoculation; the leaves inoculated by strain Rh-1-Rh-8, infected in 1-3 d at 25℃, had the incidence of 25%- 100% in 7 d after inoculation; the leaves inoculated by strain Rh-1, Rh-7 and Rh-8, infected in 2-3 d at 28℃, had the incidence of 100% in 7 d after inoculation. Under test concentrations, the sensitivity of the eight tested strains of R. solani to five fungicides was successively: carbendazim> mancozeb> procymidone> triadimefon> difenoconazole. Rh- 1 aligned with R. solani AG 4 HG- II, other test strains (except Rh- 6, since sequencing failure) aligned with R. solani AG 2-1. According to rDNA-ITS (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) sequences analysis of the test strains, the pathogens causing mini Chinese cabbage brown rot in Lanzhou include R. solani AG 2-1 and AG 4 HG-II. Tested strains of R. solani show the diversified characteristics in colony morphology, numbers of nuclei, optimal growth temperatures, growth speeds, infection temperatures, pathogenicity and fungicide sensitivity. At the tested concentrations, all strains show higher sensitivity to carbendazim and mancozeb (inhibition rate≥ 80%), suggesting that these two fungicides could be used in field trials on control of mini Chinese cabbage brown rot disease.

  Purification and Antioxidant Activity of Procyanidins from Perilla Seed Hull 2019, 35 (14):  138-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070021 Abstract + ( 637 )   PDF ( 1260KB )   ( 313 ) The aim is to study the purification technology of procyanidins from perilla seed hull and the antioxidant activity in vitro. The optimal purification parameters of procyanidins were obtained through static and dynamic experiments by using macroporous adsorption resin method. The antioxidant activity of procyanidins against DPPH and ABTS free radicals were evaluated by spectrophotometry. The results showed that XDA-8 was the best resin for purifying procyanidins in perilla seed hull, the adsorption rate was 63.41%, and the desorption rate was 78.98%. The optimal parameters were as follows: sample flow rate of 4 BV/h, sample concentration of 4 mg/mL, ethanol concentration of 70%, and elution flow rate of 4 BV/h. Under these conditions, the purity of procyanidins increased from 5.25% to 12.10%. The half-inhibition concentration (IC50) value of DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging activities for purified procyanidins was 2.138 μg/mL and 0.3699 μg/mL, respectively, and the scavenging abilities of purified procyanidins were higher than that of Vc. Therefore, XDA-8 resin purification method is simple and efficient, and can be used for the purification of procyanidins from perilla seed hull, and the purified procyanidins of perilla seed hull have stronger antioxidant activity in vitro.

  Farmers’Participation in Technical Training of Chemical Fertilizer and Pesticide Reduction and Efficiency Enhancement: An Empirical Analysis 2019, 35 (14):  144-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120104 Abstract + ( 613 )   PDF ( 1188KB )   ( 395 ) Abstract: Excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in China has caused serious environmental pollution, health damage, and agricultural product quality and safety problems. In order to realize the goal of zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides in 2020 and the goal of quality-building agriculture and green agriculture in the 19th National Congress of the People''s Republic of China, the requirements for the quality and safety of agricultural products are raised. Based on Anhui, Shandong and Hubei provinces, five counties (districts and cities), rice, apples, vegetables, and tea are used as 410 questionnaires in the project area to build a willingness and worry model for farmers to participate in the training of chemical fertilizer and pesticide reduction and efficiency enhancement technologies. An empirical analysis was conducted on the influencing factors of farmers participating in the training of chemical fertilizers and pesticides reduction and efficiency enhancement techniques. The results showed that farmers who have no land transfer, used organic fertilizers, participated in soil testing and fertilizer application techniques, and have acceptable training time are more willing to participate in chemical fertilizers. Pesticide reduction and efficiency enhancement technology training; farmers with more frequent use of fertilizers, local production sites, and poorer training effects on previous farmers are more worried about adopting new technologies for fertilization and drug use. Proposing countermeasures and suggestions for training in the reduction of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and the training of efficiency-enhancing technologies for fertilizers and pesticides: the division of different industries, the development of precision training, the development of precision training according to actual needs, and the development of detailed training in accordance with the characteristics of farmers.

  Protection and Management of Agricultural and Fishery Cultural Heritage in Republic of Korea: Its Reference to Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 2019, 35 (14):  151-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18010101 Abstract + ( 664 )   PDF ( 1225KB )   ( 339 ) Policy support system plays a vital role in South Korea"s agricultural cultural heritage protection work. the responsibility of the territorial management, the dynamic protection and multi-functional use of agricultural cultural heritage and other mechanisms,which is of great significance to strengthen the protection and development of agricultural cultural heritage for Guangxi. This paper introduces the practice of the important agricultural and fishery heritage system in Korea and summarizes its beneficial experience, analyzes the present situation of the agricultural cultural heritage development in Guangxi ethnic areas, and puts forward some suggestions on perfecting the protection mechanism, dividing the responsibility rationally (Government, society, personal responsibility) and emphasizing the protection of the living cultural heritage.

  Suitability Evaluation of Rural Residential Area at County Level: A Case Study of Longxian in Shaanxi Province 2019, 35 (14):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050054 Abstract + ( 496 )   PDF ( 1439KB )   ( 392 ) To optimize the layout of rural residential areas and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to evaluate the suitability of rural residential areas. Selecting Longxian in northwestern region as the research area, which had various landform types and complicated terrain, and based on the features of the county and the characteristics of rural residential land use, the evaluation indexes were determined from two aspects of natural factors and social economic factors. The elevation, slope, slope direction and water source influence were evaluated as natural factors, and the accessibility of roads, the accessibility of urban centers and the scale of land use were as socio-economic factors. With ArcGIS 10.3 software support, using the method of AHP, and taking the grid of 20 m×20 m as the evaluation unit, multi- factor comprehensive evaluation was used to estimate rural residential areas in Longxian. The results of suitability evaluation of residential land was graded into four classes of optimal, suitable, basically suitable and unsuitable, accounting for 13.88%, 42.84%, 34.48% and 8.80%, respectively. Optimal rural residential area had superior natural condition and convenient transportation, was close to the town center and large scale of land, and was suitable for the construction of facilities. Suitable rural residential area had wide distribution of land, slight fluctuation of terrain, convenient transportation, high accessibility of urban centers and a certain scale. Basically suitable rural residential area had slightly poor natural condition, and general accessibility of roads, and limited accessibility of urban centers and the scale of land use. Unsuitable rural residential area had poor topographic condition and inconvenient transportation, far from the center of the town in scattered plot, and it is not conducive to the development of residential areas. The results provide a theoretical basis for the selection of rural residential land.