Abstract: Suitable cultivation density of super hybrid rice is selected to optimize the rice population structure, and to provide technological support for establishing a high-yield cultivation model. Five cultivation densities under high and medium-low soil fertility in paddy field were designed to measure grain yield of super hybrid rice, biomass of rice straw and components of grain yield, and to analyze nutrients content in rice grain and straw. The results showed that grain yield of super hybrid rice had significant difference among different cultivation densities. Rice yield of wide-narrow row increased by 19.5% (MD5, 13.41 t/hm2), 10.7% (MD4, 12.42 t/hm2), 7.7% (MD3, 12.09 t/hm2) and 0.6% (MD2, 11.29 t/hm2) compared with the conventional cultivation density in the high soil fertility paddy field. And the increasing ranges were 8.2% (MD3, 9.41 t/hm2), 6.3% (MD4, 9.24 t/hm2), 5.7% (MD5, 9.19 t/hm2) and 5.0 % (MD2, 9.12 t/hm2) in the medium-low soil fertility paddy field. Height of rice plant and grain number per panicle increased significantly under the cultivation density of“Big-wide-row and narrow-strain”(40-15 cm) in the high soil fertility paddy field, and it promoted nitrogen and potassium absorption ability. Thus, the cultivation density should be selected based on the fertility level of paddy field.“Big-wide-row and narrow-strain”cultivation model is recommended for super hybrid rice under the high soil fertility paddy field, and is beneficial to big ear growth.“Wide-narrow row”cultivation (30-20 cm) has better performance in the medium-low soil fertility paddy field.