Temporal Variation of Rootzone Soil Fertility in Different Planting Years of Peach Orchards

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0051

Abstract

Abstract:

Rhizosphere soil fertility is the foundation of fruit tree growth. In this study, the changes of soil physical, chemical and biological properties in the root zone of peach trees planted by 5, 10, 15 and 20 years were analyzed, to reveal the change rules of rhizosphere soil fertility in peach orchards with different planting years, and explore the main soil fertility factors affecting peach yield and quality. The study could provide a theoretical basis for peach tree cultivation and management. The results show that with the increase of planting years, soil clay and silt increase, but the soil texture does not change; at the same time, the soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium present an increasing trends; soil urease and catalase could reach the maximum value in 15 years’ planting; soil fungi and bacteria show a decreasing trend with the increase of planting years; however the microbial biomass nitrogen decreases year by year. Thus, there is a certain correlation between soil fertility factors, and the interactions between different soil fertility factors affect the changes of soil fertility in peach orchards. Soil organic matter, microbial biomass carbon and soil enzyme activity are the main factors affecting soil fertility. Peach yield in 15 years planting is the highest and declines after 15 years planting. Among the soil fertility factors, soil available potassium, organic matter, microbial biomass carbon and soil urease are the main factors affecting the peach yield and quality (soluble solids).

Key words: fruit tree, peach, peach orchard, rhizosphere, soil fertility, planting years, soil physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, yield, quality

CLC Number:

S158.3

Guo Xinsong, Yu Xiaodong, Zhang Jing, Zhang Peiping, Zhao Hua, Du Dongliang, Ma Xinlei, Ding Fangjun. Temporal Variation of Rootzone Soil Fertility in Different Planting Years of Peach Orchards[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2021, 37(17): 65-71.

Figures/Tables 10

References 15

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处理	土壤机械组成/%
处理	粘粒(<0.002 mm)	粉粒(0.002~0.05 mm)	砂粒(0.05~2.0 mm)
FYT5	1.40±0.09 b	68.52±2.63 bc	29.37±1.90ab
FYT10	1.25±0.19 b	74.27±1.35 b	25.42±1.61 b
FYT15	1.70±0.08 a	76.06±2.14 ab	21.29±1.58 bc
FYT20	1.65±0.10 a	83.98±3.23 a	14.21±2.17 c

处理	土壤机械组成/%
处理	粘粒(<0.002 mm)	粉粒(0.002~0.05 mm)	砂粒(0.05~2.0 mm)
FYT5	1.40±0.09 b	68.52±2.63 bc	29.37±1.90ab
FYT10	1.25±0.19 b	74.27±1.35 b	25.42±1.61 b
FYT15	1.70±0.08 a	76.06±2.14 ab	21.29±1.58 bc
FYT20	1.65±0.10 a	83.98±3.23 a	14.21±2.17 c

处理	田间持水量/%	容重/(g/cm³)	比重	孔隙度/%
FYT5	31.6±2.5 b	1.27±0.07 a	2.58±0.05 a	51.7±2.3 b
FYT10	26.6±5.6 b	1.30±0.04 a	2.60±0.07 a	59.6±1.1 b
FYT15	39.1±4.5 a	1.16±0.06 b	2.42±0.08 b	61.2±1.7 a
FYT20	33.6±3.3 ab	1.25±0.06 a	2.54±0.11 a	54.3±3.2 b

处理	田间持水量/%	容重/(g/cm³)	比重	孔隙度/%
FYT5	31.6±2.5 b	1.27±0.07 a	2.58±0.05 a	51.7±2.3 b
FYT10	26.6±5.6 b	1.30±0.04 a	2.60±0.07 a	59.6±1.1 b
FYT15	39.1±4.5 a	1.16±0.06 b	2.42±0.08 b	61.2±1.7 a
FYT20	33.6±3.3 ab	1.25±0.06 a	2.54±0.11 a	54.3±3.2 b

试验处理	有机质/(g/kg)	全氮/%	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
FYT5	19.15±0.21 b	0.63±0.02 c	23.3±3.2 c	122.7±10.2 d
FYT10	18.35±0.78 b	0.69±0.06 c	29.0±4.1 b	151.3±6.5 c
FYT15	21.09±0.63 a	0.78±0.03 b	38.3±6.5 a	177.9±9.2 b
FYT20	22.48±0.97 a	0.84±0.09 a	39.6±5.7 a	189.2±10.1 a