Foliar Spraying Uniconazole and Boron: Effects on Yield and Sugar Content of Sugar Beet in Taer Basin

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0525

Abstract

Abstract:

The aim is to provide a new way to improve the quality and efficiency of sugar beet production in Taer Basin. Under the condition of drip irrigation and fertilization in Taer Basin, the field spraying experiment was carried out with sugar beet ‘Beta 468’ as experimental material, and four spraying treatments (CK, Un, B, Un+B) were set up. After spraying, the growth, dry matter accumulation, carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzyme activity, yield and sugar content of sugar beet were measured. Compared with CK, foliar spraying of uniconazole, boron and compound uniconazole and boron increased root length by 7.38%, 14.76% and 19.68%, respectively, and the total dry matter accumulation by 10.98%, 13.32% and 17.60%, respectively. Root nitrate reductase activity increased by 12.5%, 37.64% and 54.07%, sucrose phosphate synthase activity increased by 37.73%, 60.24% and 69.31%, sucrose synthase activity increased by 32.95%, 45.43% and 21.22%, and invertase activity increased by 26.87%, 35.79% and 33.20%, respectively. Compared with those of CK, the yield increased by 10.77%, 2.85% and 9.97%, the sugar content increased by 0.47%, 0.55% and 0.79%, and the sugar yield increased by 13.93%, 6.21% and 15.31%, respectively. Spraying compound uniconazole and boron at foliage stage could promote plant growth, yield and sugar content of sugar beet.

Key words: sugar beet, uniconazole, boron, yield, sugar content

CLC Number:

S566.3

CHEN Yinghua, BAI Ruxiao, WANG Juan, ZHANG Xinjiang, LIU Linghui, LIU Xiaolong, FENG Guorui, WEI Changzhou. Foliar Spraying Uniconazole and Boron: Effects on Yield and Sugar Content of Sugar Beet in Taer Basin[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(9): 41-48.

Figures/Tables 8

References 38

[1]	李洪丽, 杨娜, 端木慧子. 甜菜M14品系与二倍体栽培甜菜耐盐性的比较研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2020, 26(1):191-200.
[2]	KANDIL A A, SHARIEF A E, ABIDO W, et al. Effect of gibberellic acid on germination behaviour of sugar beet cultivars under salt stress conditions of Egypt[J]. Sugar tech., 2014, 16(2):211-221. doi: 10.1007/s12355-013-0252-7 URL
[3]	魏淑贞. 盐胁迫对甜菜品种筛选及幼苗生理生化性质的影响[D]. 呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2017.
[4]	王克哲, 李思忠, 杜亚敏, 等. 干旱胁迫对甜菜块根膨大期光合光响应特性的影响[J]. 新疆农业科学, 2020, 57(3):434-441. doi: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2020.03.006
[5]	茹蕾. 能源与环境视角下中国制糖业经济效率研究[D]. 北京:中国农业大学, 2016.
[6]	HOFFMANN C M, KENTER C. Yield potential of sugar beet-have we hit the ceiling?[J]. Frontiers in plant science, 2018, 9:289. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00289 URL
[7]	牛海龙, 党武吉. 浅谈甜菜种植基地面源污染问题与防治对策[J]. 中国糖料, 2017, 39(5):79-80.
[8]	陈艺文, 李用财, 余凌羿, 等. 中国三大主产区甜菜糖业发展分析[J]. 中国糖料, 2017, 39(4):74-77.
[9]	中华人民共和国国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2019.
[10]	郭怀胤. 新疆甜菜产业发展研究[J]. 企业改革与管理, 2020(22):215-216.
[11]	AHMAD I, AHMAD S, YANG X N, et al. Effect of uniconazole and nitrogen level on lodging resistance and yield potential of maize under medium and high plant density[J]. Plant biology, 2021, 23(3):485-496. doi: 10.1111/plb.v23.3 URL
[12]	冯胜杰, 贾鹏禹, 王诗雅, 等. 烯效唑对甜叶菊形态、酶活性、叶片产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国糖料, 2020, 42(2):19-26.
[13]	尹敬芳, 陈凤玉, 李健强, 等. 烯效唑浸种处理对番茄幼苗生长及其生理性状的影响[J]. 中国农业大学学报, 2004(2):8-11.
[14]	YAN Y H, YAN W, LIU W G, et al. Influence of seed treatment with uniconazole powder on soybean growth, photosynjournal, dry matter accumulation after flowering and yield in relay strip intercropping system[J]. Plant production science, 2015, 18(3):295-301. doi: 10.1626/pps.18.295 URL
[15]	郑好. 光照强度及烯效唑对小麦幼苗叶绿素含量的影响[J]. 吉林农业, 2019(3):55-56.
[16]	张均华, 林育炯, 黄洁, 等. 基质类型及烯效唑对不同秧龄晚稻机插质量和产量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2018, 34(1):44-52.
[17]	雷骥良, 赵丽娟, 曹新文, 等. 烯效唑和胺鲜酯在玉米上的调控效果及机理研究[J]. 石河子大学学报:自然科学版, 2017, 35(6):693-700.
[18]	李宇. 应用烯效唑培育烤烟壮苗研究[D]. 长沙:湖南农业大学, 2014.
[19]	陈英花, 白如霄, 王娟, 等. 叶丛期喷施烯效唑和亚精胺对甜菜生长及产量的影响[J]. 中国糖料, 2020, 42(4):40-44.
[20]	周建朝, 王孝纯, 胡伟, 等. 中国甜菜产质量主要养分限制因子研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2015, 31(1):76-82.
[21]	GUIDI L, E DEGL’INNOCENTI, CARMASSI G, et al. Effects of boron on leaf chlorophyll fluorescence of greenhouse tomato grown with saline water[J]. Environmental & experimental botany, 2011, 73:57-63.
[22]	宋柏权, 吴贞祯, 赵霄宇, 等. 根外施硼对甜菜叶片性能及块根工艺品质的影响[J]. 中国糖料, 2019, 41(4):50-53.
[23]	张晓文, 谭苏娜, 孟哲, 等. 外源硼通过调节叶面积和气孔导度影响甜菜生长[J]. 植物生理学报, 2019, 55(12):1777-1784.
[24]	应霄, 陈伟, 姚桂华, 等. 硼肥在油菜上的试验研究[J]. 农业科技通讯, 2020(2):152-153.
[25]	郑春风, 刘春增, 李本银, 等. 叶面喷硼对紫云英结实特性的影响[J]. 草业学报, 2019, 28(11):192-199.
[26]	赵宁春, 张其芳, 程方民, 等. 氮、磷、锌营养对水稻籽粒植酸含量的影响及与几种矿质元素间的相关性[J]. 中国水稻科学, 2007(2):185-190.
[27]	周燕. 烯效唑对主干结果形核桃生长及果实品质的影响[D]. 阿拉尔:塔里木大学, 2019.
[28]	李丹, 李志华. 烯效唑对匍匐翦股颖的矮化作用及生理指标的影响[J]. 中国草地学报, 2009, 31(4):57-62.
[29]	李芸瑛, 巫燕娜, 黄胜琴. 烯效唑(S-3307)对非洲菊切花保鲜的影响[J]. 热带亚热带植物学报, 2006, 14(4):340-344.
[30]	许江鸿, 裴红宾, 张永清. 不同氮肥水平下烯效唑对水萝卜产量和品质的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2011(12):27-29.
[31]	赵丽娟, 王秀珍, 焦天奇, 等. 不同浓度烯效唑与胺鲜脂复配剂浸种对玉米幼苗抗旱性的影响[J]. 西北农业学报, 2015, 24(10):49-55.
[32]	高建芹, 浦惠明, 龙卫华, 等. 烯效唑浸种和育苗密度对油菜毯状苗质量和植株性状的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2017, 33(6):48-58.
[33]	郝学明, 吴贞祯, 王响玲, 等. 甜菜幼苗叶片光合性能,渗透调节及活性氧对高硼胁迫的响应[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2020, 37(5):135-142.
[34]	薛丁丁, 王官, 张阳, 等. 烯效唑对甜高粱主要农艺性状及倒伏率的影响[J]. 山西农业科学, 2020, 48(9):1402-1405.
[35]	GRZEBISZ W, SZCZEPANIAK W, PEPLIŃSKI K, et al. Impact of nitrogen concentration in sugar beet plant parts throughout the growing season on dry matter accumulation patterns[J]. Journal of elementology, 2012, 17(3/2012).
[36]	赫磊. 甜菜根中蔗糖积累的生理基础研究[D]. 哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2009.
[37]	程玉杰. 微肥对甜菜产量的影响[J]. 赤峰学院学报:自然版, 2009, 25(2):134-135.
[38]	彭浩, 苏江顺, 谭程友, 等. 烯效唑与胺鲜酯互作对花生农艺性状与产量的影响[J]. 农业科技通讯, 2020(12):165-167.

处理	叶片数/（片/株）	株高/cm	叶柄长/cm	根长/cm	根围/cm
CK	15.00±1.00 b	64.00±1.00 b	37.53±1.09 b	20.33±0.58 d	25.67±0.58 b
Un	16.00±1.00 ab	58.67±0.58 d	36.37±0.43 b	21.83±0.29 c	26.17±0.76 b
B	17.00±1.00 a	66.33±1.15 a	40.28±0.89 a	23.33±0.58 b	29.17±0.29 a
Un+B	15.67±0.58 ab	62.33±0.58 c	35.97±1.02 b	24.33±0.58 a	28.33±0.58 a

处理	叶片数/（片/株）	株高/cm	叶柄长/cm	根长/cm	根围/cm
CK	15.00±1.00 b	64.00±1.00 b	37.53±1.09 b	20.33±0.58 d	25.67±0.58 b
Un	16.00±1.00 ab	58.67±0.58 d	36.37±0.43 b	21.83±0.29 c	26.17±0.76 b
B	17.00±1.00 a	66.33±1.15 a	40.28±0.89 a	23.33±0.58 b	29.17±0.29 a
Un+B	15.67±0.58 ab	62.33±0.58 c	35.97±1.02 b	24.33±0.58 a	28.33±0.58 a

处理	干物质积累/(t/hm²)				根冠比	叶面积指数
处理	块根	叶柄	叶片	总干物质	根冠比	叶面积指数
CK	7.59±0.29 c	2.11±0.17 ab	2.22±0.10 c	11.93±0.43 c	1.75±0.07 bc	3.14±0.06 d
Un	8.62±0.47 b	1.95±0.11 b	2.67±0.07 b	13.24±0.38 b	1.87±0.08 ab	3.35±0.04 c
B	8.40±0.39 b	2.23±0.05 a	2.89±0.11 a	13.52±0.39 ab	1.64±0.09 c	4.14±0.04 a
Un+B	9.36±0.26 a	1.94±0.16 b	2.74±0.07 ab	14.03±0.37 a	2.00±0.10 a	3.76±0.04 b

处理	干物质积累/(t/hm²)				根冠比	叶面积指数
处理	块根	叶柄	叶片	总干物质	根冠比	叶面积指数
CK	7.59±0.29 c	2.11±0.17 ab	2.22±0.10 c	11.93±0.43 c	1.75±0.07 bc	3.14±0.06 d
Un	8.62±0.47 b	1.95±0.11 b	2.67±0.07 b	13.24±0.38 b	1.87±0.08 ab	3.35±0.04 c
B	8.40±0.39 b	2.23±0.05 a	2.89±0.11 a	13.52±0.39 ab	1.64±0.09 c	4.14±0.04 a
Un+B	9.36±0.26 a	1.94±0.16 b	2.74±0.07 ab	14.03±0.37 a	2.00±0.10 a	3.76±0.04 b

处理	谷氨酸合成酶/ (U/g FW)	谷氨酰胺合成酶/ (U/g FW)	硝酸还原酶/ (U/g FW)	蔗糖磷酸合成酶/ (U/g FW)	蔗糖合成酶/ (IU/g FW)	转化酶/ (U/g FW)
CK	8.63±0.75 a	14.52±0.15 b	13.20±0.30 c	23.10±0.60 ab	27.47±2.17 b	14.09±0.13 a
Un	8.62±0.67 a	14.29±0.17 bc	15.16±0.15 b	23.75±0.28 a	27.52±1.70 b	14.52±0.92 a
B	7.82±0.41 a	14.14±0.07 c	15.57±0.48 b	22.68±0.34 c	32.78±0.43 a	15.03±0.33 a
Un+B	8.79±0.23 a	16.09±0.05 a	16.34±0.20 a	22.29±0.34 c	26.67±0.11 b	14.95±1.61 a