Current issue

• 2022 Vol.38 No.9 Published:25 March 2022

  Mapping of Plant Height QTL Using NILs Derived from Residual Heterozygous Lines in Rice LUO Xianfu, LIU Wenqiang, PAN Xiaowu, DONG Zheng, LIU Sanxiong, LIU Licheng, YANG Biaoren, SHENG Xinnian, LI Xiaoxiang 2022, 38 (9):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0510 Abstract + ( 664 )   HTML ( 28 )   PDF ( 1995KB )   ( 421 ) To explore a novel and valuable gene for plant height in rice breeding, a residual heterozygous line (RHL) RHL1030 (F10) derived from a cross between ‘Katy’ and ‘Xiang743’, with a heterozygous interval of RM11383-RM1198 on chromosome 1 was used as the genetic material. Genetic analysis of RHL1030-derived population showed that a QTL for plant height was identified in the interval, the additive-effect QTL came from ‘Xiang743’. Two individual plants respectively with heterozygous intervals of RM3411-RM11782 and RM6703-RM1198 were selected from the RHL1030-derived population on the basis of SSR genotypes, and self-pollinated to develop two F2 populations. The QTL was validated and further delimited in the interval of RM6703-RM1198. Three individual plants with heterozygous intervals of RM6703-RM8085 and one individual plant with a heterozygous interval of RM5389-RM1198 were selected from the population derived from a RHL with a heterozygous interval of RM6703-RM1198, and self-pollinated to develop four resultant F2 populations. Forty maternal homozygotes, paternal homozygotes and heterozygotes respectively were selected from the four F2 populations to develop near isogenic lines for ANOVA analysis. The QTL was finally delimited in the interval of RM11782-RM5389, and the corresponding physical position was from 34.17 Mb to 35.73 Mb. This study identifies a novel QTL for plant height, and provides a resource for improving plant architecture in rice.

  Nitrogen Application Rate and Mode: Effects on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation and Transport After Flowering of Late Indica Rice LI Xinghua, WANG Huan, ZHANG Sheng, CAI Xingxing, ZHOU Qiang, ZHOU Nan 2022, 38 (9):  6-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0542 Abstract + ( 642 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1734KB )   ( 315 ) In order to establish suitable nitrogen application technology for late indica rice, we investigated the effects of nitrogen application rate and mode on the yield and dry matter accumulation and transport of late indica rice. Two late indica rice varieties, ‘Yi 9 You 447’ and ‘Yi 9 You 651’, were used as the materials. Two nitrogen application rates and three nitrogen application modes were set up, and no nitrogen application treatment was used as control. The yield and its components, dry matter accumulation and flag leaf SPAD value were determined. Compared with no nitrogen application, the effective panicle number and yield of late indica rice was increased by 12.3%-61.9% and 23.5%-35.6% by nitrogen application, respectively. After flowering, the flag leaf SPAD value attenuation rate was decreased by 5.9-8.5 percentage points, dry matter transport volume was increased by 0.8-1.1 times, and dry matter transport rate was increased by 5.5-10.2 percentage points under nitrogen application, compared with those under no nitrogen application. Nitrogen application modes had little effect on the yield and dry matter accumulation and transport after flowering of late indica rice. The highest yield and dry matter accumulation and transport rate were achieved in the combination of nitrogen rate of 270 kg/hm 2 and the application mode of basal, tillering, panicle and grain fertilizer in the ratio of 40%:20%:25%:15%. The highest nitrogen agronomic efficiency was observed in nitrogen rate of 180 kg/hm2 and the application mode of basal, tillering and panicle fertilizer in the ratio of 60%:20%:20%. When nitrogen rate was 180 kg/hm2, the ratio of nitrogen basal fertilizer should be increased. When nitrogen rate was 270 kg/hm2, the ratio and times of topdressing should be appropriately increased.

  Exogenous Active Substances: Effect on Stress Resistance of Wheat Seedling WU Di, ZHANG Feng, SUI Chunying, SHI Junhui, WAN Xuejie, LIU Yiguo, HAN Wei, SHI Changhai 2022, 38 (9):  14-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0871 Abstract + ( 538 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 2345KB )   ( 220 ) The aim is to investigate the effect of exogenous active substances on salt tolerance of wheat. The effects of Asp f2 protein solution of Verticillium dahliae (0.8%, VDAL), algal oligosaccharides (0.1%, AOS) and distilled water (CK) seed dressing on the growth and stress-resistance physiology of wheat seedlings were analyzed with saline-alkali soil pot experiment. The results showed that compared with CK, VDAL and AOS seed dressing significantly increased plant height, root dry weight and leaf dry weight at seedling stage, and the root shoot ratio increased by 8.5% and 6.8%, respectively. AOS seed dressing significantly increased the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid in leaves. VDAL and AOS seed dressing could significantly reduce malondialdehyde content in leaves. VDAL seed dressing could significantly increase soluble sugar and proline content in leaves, and increase peroxidase (POD) activity in leaves by 29.5%. AOS seed dressing could significantly increase proline content and POD activity. In conclusion, both VDAL and AOS seed dressing could promote the salt tolerance of wheat seedling, and be applied to wheat cultivation in saline-alkali land to increase the population size of wheat.

  Interaction Between Tillage Modes and Nitrogen Application Rates: Effects on the Growth, Yield and Quality of Wheat WANG Fuyu, CHEN Guiju, SUN Leiming, HUANG Ling, SHAO Minmin, ZHAO Kai, YANG Benzhou, ZHANG Yudan, YAN Lu, WANG Lin 2022, 38 (9):  20-26.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0450 Abstract + ( 613 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF ( 1477KB )   ( 174 ) To find out the best tillage mode and nitrogen application rate of wheat in southwest Shandong, using ‘Shannong 20’ as the experimental material, the effects of four tillage modes (T1: no straw returning no tillage, T2: straw returning no tillage, T3: straw returning two rotary tillage, T4: straw returning deep tillage) and three nitrogen application rates (N1: 225 kg/hm 2, N2: 165 kg/hm2, N3: 300 kg/hm2) on wheat yield and quality were studied. The results showed that the grain yield of wheat increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Under the same nitrogen application level, the yield of T4 was the highest, reaching 8210.59 kg/hm2, which was 2.25%, 5.71% and 8.61% higher than that of T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Under the same tillage mode, the yield of N3 was the highest. The interaction effect of tillage mode and nitrogen application rate on wheat grain protein content and wet gluten content was extremely significant, and increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. T4 significantly increased the protein content of wheat grain, and nitrogen application rate increased dough formation time, stability time and water absorption. Therefore, the implementation of deep tillage combined with nitrogen application rate of 300 kg/hm2 in southwestern Shandong is the best tillage and nitrogen application mode for wheat production to achieve high yield and high quality.

  Different Maize Germplasm Materials: Grey Correlation Analysis of Plant and Ear-kernel Traits JI Kun, WANG Bin, ZHAO Bowen, XUE Hao, WU Jianmin, ZHU Xiaojian, WANG Yixin, ZHAO Haijun, HAN Zanping 2022, 38 (9):  27-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0382 Abstract + ( 482 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1251KB )   ( 60 ) To study the relationship among the main agronomic traits of 12 maize single cross hybrids, the grey correlation analysis method was used to analyze the grey correlation degree of the main traits of plant, ear-kernel, yield and quality of the tested materials. The results showed that the plant and ear-kernel traits closely related to yield were kernel rate, kernel number per row, ear diameter, kernel weight per ear, 100-kernel weight and etc. The correlation degree was from 0.4353 to 0.3327. Plant and ear-kernel traits closely related to nutritional qualities such as crude protein, crude fat, crude starch and lysine content were kernel rate, plant height, ear length, cod diameter and kernel number per row, and etc. The correlation degree was 0.5106-0.3929. In summary, for the genetic improvement of different maize germplasm materials, it is necessary to give priority to the selection of kernel rate and 100-kernel weight on the premise of ensuring normal growth, and more attention should also be paid to the selection of plant height, ear length, cob diameter, kernel number per row, thus improving the breeding efficiency.

  Abiotic Stress on Sugar Beet: Research Progress JIA Yechun, CHEN Runyi, HE Zelin, NI Hongtao 2022, 38 (9):  33-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0483 Abstract + ( 533 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF ( 1205KB )   ( 59 ) In this paper, the effects of abiotic stress on the growth and development, physiological and biochemical characteristics and molecular level of sugar beet were reviewed from four aspects: drought and flood, salinity and alkali, high and low temperature and soil heavy metal pollution. The results show that under abiotic stress, the net photosynthetic rate of sugar beet decreases, the concentration of osmotic regulation substances changes, the content of active oxygen metabolites alters, and the growth and development of sugar beet are affected. Sugar beet water stress resistance genes include PSC5, PSCR, 2-cysprx, NADK, cprx1, AVP1, Bv-txas and etc., MYB transcription factors and NAC transcription factors also play an important role in abiotic stress resistance. Beet M14 strain has excellent characteristics of drought resistance and salt tolerance. WRKY family transcription factors, BvM14-Tpx, BvM14-CCoAOMT and other genes, peroxidase BvpAPX and various salt response proteins play promoting roles in salt stress resistance. There are few studies on the resistance of sugar beet to high and low temperature. Studies show that low temperature stress produces differential expression of bolting gene in sugar beet. SbSEC14 gene also plays a signal transduction function under stress conditions. The research on sugar beet resistance to heavy metal stress has developed rapidly in recent years, the BvGS, BvMTP11, BvHIPP24 and BvGST genes have been cloned successively. This paper suggests that the mechanism of anti-abiotic stress in sugar beet and its application should be further explored and innovated in the future. Fully excavating DREB gene in wild species and breeding beet varieties (lines) with strong stress resistance through transgenic technology should be conducted. On the basis of the study of single stress, the study of stress resistance under multiple stresses should be further carried out. In production, exogenous regulators, antioxidants and silicon should be used to resist the effects of abiotic stress on the growth and development of sugar beet.

  Foliar Spraying Uniconazole and Boron: Effects on Yield and Sugar Content of Sugar Beet in Taer Basin CHEN Yinghua, BAI Ruxiao, WANG Juan, ZHANG Xinjiang, LIU Linghui, LIU Xiaolong, FENG Guorui, WEI Changzhou 2022, 38 (9):  41-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0525 Abstract + ( 519 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1674KB )   ( 152 ) The aim is to provide a new way to improve the quality and efficiency of sugar beet production in Taer Basin. Under the condition of drip irrigation and fertilization in Taer Basin, the field spraying experiment was carried out with sugar beet ‘Beta 468’ as experimental material, and four spraying treatments (CK, Un, B, Un+B) were set up. After spraying, the growth, dry matter accumulation, carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzyme activity, yield and sugar content of sugar beet were measured. Compared with CK, foliar spraying of uniconazole, boron and compound uniconazole and boron increased root length by 7.38%, 14.76% and 19.68%, respectively, and the total dry matter accumulation by 10.98%, 13.32% and 17.60%, respectively. Root nitrate reductase activity increased by 12.5%, 37.64% and 54.07%, sucrose phosphate synthase activity increased by 37.73%, 60.24% and 69.31%, sucrose synthase activity increased by 32.95%, 45.43% and 21.22%, and invertase activity increased by 26.87%, 35.79% and 33.20%, respectively. Compared with those of CK, the yield increased by 10.77%, 2.85% and 9.97%, the sugar content increased by 0.47%, 0.55% and 0.79%, and the sugar yield increased by 13.93%, 6.21% and 15.31%, respectively. Spraying compound uniconazole and boron at foliage stage could promote plant growth, yield and sugar content of sugar beet.

  The Nitrogen Content in Cotton Leaves: Estimation Based on Digital Image HONG Bo, ZHANG Ze, ZHANG Qiang, MA Yiru, YI Xiang, LV Xin 2022, 38 (9):  49-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0539 Abstract + ( 502 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 4147KB )   ( 64 ) In order to study the best image characteristic parameters and leaf position for diagnosing cotton nitrogen nutrition by digital image processing techniques, the cotton variety ‘Xinluzao53’ was used as the material, and the leaf images in different leaf positions were obtained by smartphone. The color and texture characteristic parameters of cotton leaf were extracted by digital image processing techniques, the correlation was analyzed between nitrogen content in leaves and characteristic parameters, and the estimation model of nitrogen contents was established based on different characteristic parameters. The results showed that the color characteristic parameters r, G/(B+R) and G/B, and texture characteristic parameters COR and ASM had good correlation with leaf nitrogen content, and the correlation coefficients (r) were all greater than 0.55. The estimation models of nitrogen contents in different leaf positions based on the color-texture comprehensive characteristic parameters were better than the models based on the color or texture characteristic parameters. Among them, the nitrogen content estimation model of the 4th leaf from the bottom was the best, the model determination coefficient (R 2) was 0.875, the root mean square error (RMSE) was 1.324, and the relative error (RE) was 8.09%. Therefore, when using digital image processing for cotton nitrogen nutrition diagnosis, the best image characteristic parameters should be selected as r, G/(B+R), G/B, COR, ASM, and the best leaf position should be the 4th leaf from the bottom.

  The Latex Flow Mechanism in Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.): A Review SHI Minjing, DING Huan, TIAN Weimin 2022, 38 (9):  56-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0484 Abstract + ( 411 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1379KB )   ( 60 ) Rubber tree is the most important source for commercial natural rubber in the world, and latex flow is the last key step in the production of natural rubber. In order to obtain the latex output safely and efficiently, the study on the mechanism of latex flow has always been paid attention to. Laticifer is a tissue specific for natural rubber biosynthesis and storage in rubber tree. Usually, latex from laticifer is collected to refine natural rubber by tapping. The velocity and duration of latex flow after tapping are the crucial factors that determine the rubber yield, and are decided by the motivator and barrier from laticifer. In this paper, the cytological basis of laticifer, turgor pressure of laticifer as the primary driving force of latex flow, the water dilution reaction of latex as the relay driving force, and the formation and regulation of latex flow barrier in laticifer were summarized. The paper mainly analyzed the plug formation in laticifer and the main factors to regulate the plugging, and proposed that the laticifer plugging played a vital role in the cessation of latex flow. In view of the slow progress of present research, several topics were proposed: (1) the biosynthesis and regulation of bark lignin that related to the laticifer turgor pressure; (2) the gene expression and activity analysis of aquaporin that related to the water transportation; (3) the formation and regulation of the laticifer wound plug that related to the cessation of latex flow. The study will lay a foundation for illuminating the mechanism of latex flow and further provide valuable reference for selecting the fluent latex flow germplasm by molecular assisted breeding.

  Pollen of Moringa oleifera: Germination in vitro PU Tianlei, HAN Xueqin, LUO Huiying, DENG Hongshan, LIAO Chengfei, FAN Jiancheng, HE Lu, JIN Jie 2022, 38 (9):  66-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0528 Abstract + ( 272 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1796KB )   ( 45 ) To screen out the optimal medium for the pollen germination in vitro of different Moringa oleifera materials, the pollen of Moringa oleifera was used as material, and the single factor and orthogonal design were used to study the effects of calcium chloride, sucrose and boric acid concentration on pollen germination of Moringa oleifera. The germination rate of pollen was observed. The results show that the effects of factors on pollen germination in vitro of Moringa oleifera are as following: sucrose > calcium chloride > boric acid. The concentrations of sucrose and calcium chloride have a significant effect on the pollen germination rate of Moringa oleifera, however, the concentration of boric acid has no significant effect. The average pollen germination rate of Moringa oleifera pollen in the medium of 175 g/L sucrose, 400 mg/L calcium chloride, and 150 mg/L boric acid is significantly higher than that of the other treatments. The pollen germination rate of different Moringa oleifera materials is determined, and it is found that the pollen viability of Moringa oleifera from American provenance is relatively high, while the pollen from Kenya provenance is relatively low. The results of this study can provide certain reference for male parent selection in hybrid breeding of Moringa oleifera and improve the efficiency of artificial cross-pollination.

  Effect of Irrigation Amount on Growth and Yield of Jujube in Arid Desert Area of Minqin WANG Qiangqiang, YANG Zihui, GUO Shujiang, ZHANG Jianhui, WANG Duoze 2022, 38 (9):  71-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0400 Abstract + ( 408 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1145KB )   ( 65 ) To explore a scientific irrigation system for the cultivation of jujube in arid desert area of Minqin, the effects of four irrigation measures (adequate irrigation, 80% mild regulated deficit irrigation, 60% moderate regulated deficit irrigation and 40% severe regulated deficit irrigation) on growth and yield of 4-year-old and densely planted jujube in the growth period were studied in field using drop irrigation. The results showed that the jujub trees could normally grow under water supply ranging from 425.7 to 545.7 mm, their plant height, shoot length and stem diameter increased with the increase of irrigation amount. Mild regulated deficit irrigation could improve the longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and single fruit mass of jujube, increase the yield by 7.8% and the water use efficiency by 16.3%. Mild regulated deficit irrigation could effectively improve the yield and water use efficiency of jujube in arid desert area of Minqin.

  Wild Bird Investigation and Epidemic Prevention and Control in Shandong Nansi Lake Nature Reserve ZHANG Jie, ZHU Zhihua, ZHANG Hui, HU Meng, QIU Chen, CAI Xianwen 2022, 38 (9):  75-80.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0436 Abstract + ( 404 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2594KB )   ( 71 ) To lay a statistical foundation for wild birds investigation and their epidemic disease monitoring, this study investigated the species, numbers, residence type and community diversity of wild birds in Shandong Nansi Lake Nature Reserve. From 2018 to 2021, we applied line transects and direct counting to the monitoring and investigation of wild birds of Nansi Lake Nature Reserve, recorded 129 species of 43 families and 15 orders, with a total number of 34700 birds. 3 species of them were listed as the first category nationally protected birds, which were Baer's pochard (Aythya baeri), white crane (Grus leucogeranus), oriental white stork (Ciconia boyciana). 12 species of them were listed as the second category nationally protected birds. Passeriformes had the highest number of recorded species, with 74 species accounting for 57.36% of the total. In terms of the number of individuals, birds of Gruiformes (47.40%) were the most monitored, followed by Passeriformes (30.02%), and Anseriformes (16.57%). Coot chicken (Fulica atra), common pochard (Aythya ferina), egret (Egretta garzetta) and tree sparrow (Passer montanus) were the dominant bird species. Birds in Nansi Lake were mainly migratory birds; the diversity index was the greatest during spring and summer. The diversity and evenness index were the highest at fish pond and wetland and the least on open water. The basic data of wild birds biodiversity in the region were obtained, which could lay a solid foundation for wild birds investigation and epidemic disease monitoring in the future.

  Effects of Phosphorus-based Soil Conditioner on Growth of Chinese Cabbage in Low-phosphorus Red Soil ZENG Jie, YU Lang, DABU Xilatu, LI Yunju 2022, 38 (9):  81-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0441 Abstract + ( 302 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1523KB )   ( 119 ) A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different amounts of soil conditioner on the improvement of low phosphorus red soil and the growth of Chinese cabbage. The results indicated that soil conditioner increased the number of soil aggregates, pH, total phosphorus, organic matter and cation exchange capacity, and the effects of 200% and 100% soil conditioner were the best, which were significantly higher than that of chemical fertilizer and phosphorus deficiency treatment. The dry weight of the aboveground and underground parts of Chinese cabbage treated with 200% soil conditioner was 83.3% and 81.3% of that of chemical fertilizer treatment, respectively, 4.48 times and 2.8 times of that of phosphorus deficiency treatment. Water-soluble sugar and reducing sugar content increased by 77.92% and 57.94% under 50% soil conditioner treatment compared with those under phosphorus deficiency treatment. The highest phosphorus content of the aboveground part of Chinese cabbage was 0.4% under 50% soil conditioner treatment, 42.86% higher than that of phosphorus deficiency treatment, and the phosphorus utilization rate was 26.7%. The results indicated that the phosphorus-based soil conditioner could partially replace phosphorus fertilizer, and the higher the amount of soil conditioner application, the better the improvement effect on low-phosphorus red soil.

  Effects of Mycorrhizal Fungi and Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria on Crop Development: A Review SUN Ge, JIE Weiguang, HU Wei, ZHANG Yingzhi, QIAO Wei, WEI Lina, JIANG Yitong, BAI Li 2022, 38 (9):  88-92.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0420 Abstract + ( 513 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1112KB )   ( 1411 ) Mycorrhizal fungi have been widely valued for many years because of their growth-promoting effects on crops and the protection of various environments. In recent years, some scholars have discovered that this phenomenon is related to mycorrhizal helper bacteria. The aim of the study is to better understand the effects of mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizal helper bacteria and their synergistic effects on crop growth and development, soil physical and chemical properties and soil microbial diversity. This review summarized the mechanism of mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhizal helper bacteria, and concluded the synergistic effects of them on the promotion, improvement and enrichment of crop growth and development, stress resistance, soil quality and soil microbial environment. On this basis, it is proposed that the synergy between mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhizal helper bacteria should be further studied, and the use of microbial fertilizer should be vigorously promoted.

  Soil Bacterial Community of Rubber Plantations of Different Ages of Stand: Composition and Diversity Study SUN Shuqing, DING Wei, SUN Rui, ZHANG Xicai, LAN Guoyu, CHEN Wei, YANG Chuan, WU Zhixiang 2022, 38 (9):  93-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0501 Abstract + ( 359 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 3000KB )   ( 203 ) To understand the soil bacterial composition and diversity of rubber plantations of different ages of stand, soil samples were collected with 5-point sampling method, and the composition, diversity, and seasonal changes of soil bacterial communities in forests of three ages of stand were measured by using high-throughput sequencing. Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes showed significant differences, and Nitrospirae showed extremely significant differences. Acidbacteria, Actinobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria, and Sphingobactaiia showed significant differences, while Ktedonobacteria, OPB35_soil_group, and Bacilli showed extremely significant differences. norank_c__Acidobacteria, Variibacter, Candidatus_koribacter, norank_o__JG30-KF-AS9 showed significant differences, and norank_c__OPB35_soil_group and Acidibacter showed extremely significant differences. There was no significant difference in the Simpson index, Sobs index, Ace index and Shannon index among the soil bacterial communities of the forests of three ages of stand. The seasonal interpretation of the microbial community was 24.60%. In summary, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were the most abundant bacterial groups and there was no significant difference in the diversity index, and the season was an important factor affecting community structure and diversity of soil bacterial communities of rubber plantations.

  Research Progress on Material Utilization of Agricultural Waste Rice Husk ZHANG Shuangyan, REN Hao, DING Wenqing, WU Yutao 2022, 38 (9):  101-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0485 Abstract + ( 753 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 2331KB )   ( 393 ) Rice husk is a kind of agricultural waste produced after rice processing, and one of the important biomass resources. Discarding, burying or burning of rice husk in open field directly will cause not only waste of resources but also environmental problems. Resource utilization is the development trend of effective utilization of rice husk, which is in line with the requirements of the sustainable agricultural development and green and circular agricultural development. Material utilization is a new way of rice husk resource utilization, which has become the focus of research at home and abroad. Therefore, on the basis of analyzing the properties of rice husk, this paper took rice husk board, rice husk-polymer composite and rice husk-cement composite as examples, reviewed the research progress on the performance of the composites and the material utilization of rice husk resources. Finally, the development direction of material utilization of rice husk resource was discussed, so as to provide reference for further research.

  The Adsorption of Heavy Metal Nickel by Biochar Prepared from Tea Residue HONG Ciqing, GUI Fangze, CHEN Fangrong, FANG Yun, YOU Yuxin, GUAN Xiong, PAN Xiaohong 2022, 38 (9):  109-114.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0929 Abstract + ( 291 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 2570KB )   ( 255 ) In order to find an effective method to control heavy metal nickel pollution and clarify the adsorption capacity and mechanism of tea residue-based biochar, the characterization and adsorption mechanism of tea residue-based biochar (TBC-700) were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), laser particle size analyzer and Zeta potential, and the adsorption process was determined by UV spectrophotometer. The results showed that synthesized TBC-700 had a relatively loose pore structure, and the adsorption process of nickel was more consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2>0.99) and Freundlich isotherm model (R2>0.95). The adsorption of nickel by TBC-700 was multi-molecular layer adsorption with 42.91% removal rate, and the maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity was 584.58 mg/g. The desorption rate of adsorbed nickel by TBC-700 could reach 62.33% in 500 mg/L KH2PO4 solution, showing a certain cyclic adsorption capacity.

  Propagation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: A Review LI Shaojie, XIAO Qingshan, SONG Fuqiang, WANG Xin 2022, 38 (9):  115-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0427 Abstract + ( 893 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF ( 1250KB )   ( 2180 ) In the absence of plant symbiosis, arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi cannot be purely cultured on medium like other fungi, which greatly restricts the basic and applied research on AM fungi. This study aims at clarifying the development process and characteristics of different culture methods of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi, and achieving the goal of pure culture of AM fungi. The authors reviewed and compared the symbiotic culture methods between AM fungi and the whole plant, including pot culture method, nutrient film technique, aeroponics and medium culture. The authors also summarized the dual culture methods between AM fungi and plant roots, including non-transformed root culture and transformed root culture. At last, the authors put forward some future research focuses in order to provide reference for the research of AM fungi culture and symbiotic mechanism.

  The Physiological Response of the Local Rice Variety of ‘Acuce’ of Hani Nationality in Yunnan Against the Feeding of Nilaparvata lugens Stål HUANG Yu, CHEN Bin, XIAO Guanli 2022, 38 (9):  123-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0467 Abstract + ( 362 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2674KB )   ( 56 ) Abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the physiological characteristics of chemical defense of rice variety ‘Acuce’ of Hani nationality in Yuanyang of Yunnan Province under the feeding stress of brown planthopper. ‘Acuce’, ‘TN1’ and ‘RHT’ were used as materials in this study, the changes of soluble sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) in rice plants were determined by spectrophotometer after feeding stress of brown planthopper. After 3-96 h feeding stress, the average soluble sugar content in ‘Acuce’ was decreased by 42.85% (P<0.05, the same below); the average content of H2O2 was increased by 9.39%; the average content of MDA was increased by 10.77%; the average activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was increased by 49.96%, while the average activity of peroxidase (POD) was decreased by 14.75%. After feeding stress of brown planthopper, the soluble sugar, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and main defense enzymes in ‘Acuce’ were more sensitive compared with those of the susceptible variety ‘TN1’ and similar to those of the resistant variety ‘RHT’. This study shows that the Hani rice variety ‘Acuce’ in Yunnan can be used as a good breeding material for resistance to brown planthopper or be promoted as a resistant rice variety.

  The Powdery Mildew on Polygonum persicaria L.: Microscopic Observation and Phylogenetic Relationship Analysis SUN Bo, LIU Run, WANG Zhanbin, CHEN Huangxin, YAN Su 2022, 38 (9):  130-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0557 Abstract + ( 313 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 7812KB )   ( 42 ) The purpose of the study is to identify the species and host range of powdery mildew on Polygonum persicaria L. by microscopic observation and phylogenetic relationship analysis, and to provide a reasonable basis for the control of powdery mildew. The powdery mildew on P. persicaria was used as test material. The conidia, ascus and ascospore were morphologically observed and described by microscopic observation. Genome DNA of the pathogen was extracted by kit method and amplified by ITS. The microscopic observation showed that the conidia of powdery mildew on P. persicaria were columnar. The asci were dark brown, mostly aggregated or near aggregated, and most of them were oblate spherical. Most of the asci were in various irregular oval shapes, containing 2 to 4 oval ascospores. Combined with other powdery mildew base sequence alignment and the analysis of genetic relationship, the powdery mildew on P. persicaria was confirmed to have the closest genetic relationship with Polygonum aviculare (LC328322.1) and Polygonum erectum (KX826856.1) from GeneBank, the sequence similarity was up to 99%. It was preliminarily determined that the pathogen of P. persicaria powdery mildew belonged to the same genus with these two species.

  Determination and Analysis of Slaughter Performance, Chest Muscle Quality and Composition of Different Chicken Breeds MA Meng, WANG Kehua, QU Liang, DOU Taocun, GUO Jun, WANG Xingguo, HU Yuping, LU Jian 2022, 38 (9):  137-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0494 Abstract + ( 958 )   HTML ( 15 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 943 ) The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of slaughter performance and muscle quality and composition between ‘wod’ series broilers (which are self-bred in China) and AA broilers. The slaughter performance, chest muscle quality, flavor precursors content, mineral elements content and vitamins content of 7-week-old broilers were determined, and the differences were compared between ‘wod’ series broilers and AA broilers. The results showed that the dressed percentage, percentage of eviscerated yield and percentage of chest muscle of wod168 and wod178 were extremely significantly lower than those of wod188 and AA (P<0.01), while the percentage of wings was extremely significantly higher than that of wod188 and AA (P<0.01). The pH value and tenderness of chest muscle of wod168 were extremely significantly lower than those of AA (P<0.01), and the L value and b value of meat color were significantly higher than those of AA (P<0.05). The contents of amino acids, mineral elements and crude protein in chest muscle were the highest and the contents of intramuscular fat and cholesterol were the lowest in wod168. wod168 did not have good meat production performance, but performed better on breast meat quality, which was more consistent with consumer demand for good meat quality.

  Extraction Optimization of Auricularia auricula Lectin and Study on Its Anti-tumor Activity in Vitro SU Linhe, HUANG Dong, ZENG Weimin, ZHANG Yanlong 2022, 38 (9):  143-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0445 Abstract + ( 375 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 4327KB )   ( 368 ) The aims are to obtain the optimal extraction condition of Auricularia auricula lectin and study its inhibitory effect on breast cancer cells MCF-7. Single factor test and response surface method were used to optimize the extraction time, extraction temperature and material-to-liquid ratio; CCK-8 reagent method, morphological observation and scratch method were used to explore the effects of Auricularia auricula lectin on the proliferation, morphological change and migration rate of MCF-7 to study the anti-tumor activity. The results indicated that: when the extraction time was 8.47 h, the material-to-liquid ratio was 1:51.71, and the (NH4)2SO4 concentration was 50.23%, the agglutination activity in the crude extract was the highest, and the maximum theoretical value was 5.4795HU. After Auricularia auricula lectin treated the cells, the survival rate of the cells was decreased, the number of cells was reduced, the cell morphology was changed, and the scratch closure speed slowed down. And the change of cells was dependent on the concentration of lectin. The higher the concentration, the lower the cell viability and the smaller the number of cells, the stronger the inhibition on cell migration. This experiment obtained the optimal extraction condition of Auricularia auricula lectin and clarified its inhibitory effect on MCF-7 cells, which could provide certain reference for studying lectin extraction methods and its anti-tumor activity.

  Effect of COVID-19 Epidemic on Alosa sapidissima Production in China and the Countermeasures SHI Yonghai, CAO Xiangde, XU Jiabo 2022, 38 (9):  151-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0407 Abstract + ( 291 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1615KB )   ( 65 ) The COVID-19 epidemic has caused serious effects on China’s aquaculture, and aquatic products’ circulation and consumption, especially on the breeding and marketing of special aquatic products, and the effects are still further extending. In order to understand the effects of the epidemic on Alosa sapidissima production, the research team surveyed the professionals, farmers and traders in the main production area of A. sapidissima (the Yangtze River Delta region) in October 2020 by investigation, telephone interview and discussion. The team analyzed the actual conditions and existing problems of A. sapidissima breeding, circulation, catering and so on during the epidemic period and explored the impact of epidemic prevention and control on A. sapidissima production. In view of the prominent problems in current A. sapidissima production, relevant suggestions were put forward: guiding the consumer market and reducing the market size, innovating the sales mode and activating family cooking; developing high resistance varieties and changing the aquiculture mode, strengthening the technical training and guiding the green development.

  Blockchain-Based Agricultural Traceability: Advantages and Challenges LV Xingchen, MENG Jun 2022, 38 (9):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0547 Abstract + ( 712 )   HTML ( 20 )   PDF ( 3656KB )   ( 176 ) With the continuous improvement of consumers’ requirements for the quality and safety of agricultural products, rapid response, efficient control and safety guarantee have become important topics in the field of modern agricultural products’ safety. Due to the lack of original information, the opacity of information and the poor reliability of the traditional traceability system, consumers do not trust the traceability technology of agricultural products. In addition, organizations do not trust each other, information fault often occurs, and it is difficult to trace responsibilities in face of the problems. The effect of safety control is difficult to meet social needs. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of traceability, non-tampering and decentralization, which can well offset the defects of traditional traceability system. As an emerging technology, blockchain has great potential in the traceability of agricultural products. However, the advantages, challenges and urgent problems of agricultural product traceability system based on blockchain technology have not been fully discussed. Taking rice traceability system as an example, this paper puts forward the framework design of agricultural product traceability system based on blockchain technology, and introduces how to obtain the rice supply chain data information through the Internet of Things technology in detail. Finally, the paper analyzes the advantages and challenges of the agricultural product traceability method based on blockchain technology. This paper can provide certain information on the agricultural product traceability system based on blockchain technology for researchers and practitioners and have a positive impact on improving the sustainability of agricultural products.