Nitrogen Application Rate and Mode: Effects on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation and Transport After Flowering of Late Indica Rice

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2021-0542

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to establish suitable nitrogen application technology for late indica rice, we investigated the effects of nitrogen application rate and mode on the yield and dry matter accumulation and transport of late indica rice. Two late indica rice varieties, ‘Yi 9 You 447’ and ‘Yi 9 You 651’, were used as the materials. Two nitrogen application rates and three nitrogen application modes were set up, and no nitrogen application treatment was used as control. The yield and its components, dry matter accumulation and flag leaf SPAD value were determined. Compared with no nitrogen application, the effective panicle number and yield of late indica rice was increased by 12.3%-61.9% and 23.5%-35.6% by nitrogen application, respectively. After flowering, the flag leaf SPAD value attenuation rate was decreased by 5.9-8.5 percentage points, dry matter transport volume was increased by 0.8-1.1 times, and dry matter transport rate was increased by 5.5-10.2 percentage points under nitrogen application, compared with those under no nitrogen application. Nitrogen application modes had little effect on the yield and dry matter accumulation and transport after flowering of late indica rice. The highest yield and dry matter accumulation and transport rate were achieved in the combination of nitrogen rate of 270 kg/hm ² and the application mode of basal, tillering, panicle and grain fertilizer in the ratio of 40%:20%:25%:15%. The highest nitrogen agronomic efficiency was observed in nitrogen rate of 180 kg/hm² and the application mode of basal, tillering and panicle fertilizer in the ratio of 60%:20%:20%. When nitrogen rate was 180 kg/hm², the ratio of nitrogen basal fertilizer should be increased. When nitrogen rate was 270 kg/hm², the ratio and times of topdressing should be appropriately increased.

Key words: rice, nitrogen application rate, application mode, yield, dry matter accumulation and transport, flag leaf senescence

CLC Number:

S363

LI Xinghua, WANG Huan, ZHANG Sheng, CAI Xingxing, ZHOU Qiang, ZHOU Nan. Nitrogen Application Rate and Mode: Effects on Yield and Dry Matter Accumulation and Transport After Flowering of Late Indica Rice[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(9): 6-13.

Figures/Tables 5

References 21

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品种	处理		产量构成因素				产量/(kg/hm²)
品种	处理		有效穗数/(个/m²)	总粒数/(粒/穗)	结实率/%	千粒重/g	产量/(kg/hm²)
益9优447	氮肥用量	CK	187.9±20.2 b	208.9±4.0 a	73.8±0.8 a	27.2±0.1 b	7775.0±486.7 b
		N1	234.2±11.6 b	194.2±7.5 a	74.9±1.1 a	27.9±0.2 a	9604.2±229.0 a
		N2	304.2±15.3 a	200.4±12.1 a	73.1±1.2 a	27.9±0.2 a	10545.8±389.1 a
	氮肥运筹	M1	237.4±16.2 a	182.9±14.6 a	75.4±1.4 a	28.2±0.1 a	9818.8±330.8 a
		M2	265.4±16.1 a	198.9±7.7 a	71.5±1.1 a	27.7±0.3 a	10193.8±415.4 a
		M3	304.9±25.3 a	210.1±12.0 a	75.0±1.4 a	27.9±0.2 a	10212.5±566.1 a
	组合	CK	187.9±20.2 d	208.9±4.0 a	73.8±0.8 ab	27.2±0.1 a	7775.0±486.7 b
		N1M1	209.9±8.7 cd	204.2±20.4 a	75.3±1.8 ab	28.1±0.1 a	9987.5±388.1 a
		N1M2	232.9±11.8 cd	184.9±3.7 ab	73.0±1.9 ab	27.6±0.5 a	9500.0±106.8 a
		N1M3	259.9±27.8 bc	193.6±12.5 ab	76.4±2.0 a	28.2±0.0 a	9325.0±591.1 ab
		N2M1	264.9±21.8 bc	161.7±14.1 b	75.5±2.6 ab	28.4±0.2 a	9650.0±606.7 a
		N2M2	297.9±10.4 ab	212.9±9.4 a	70.1±0.7 b	27.8±0.1 a	10887.5±608.3 a
		N2M3	349.8±20.0 a	226.6±17.1 a	73.7±1.9 ab	27.6±0.4 a	11100.0±682.3 a
益9优651	氮肥用量	CK	224.9±17.3 b	186.9±9.0 b	70.6±3.4 a	28.6±0.0 a	8137.5±703.9 b
		N1	252.5±7.7 b	196.8±6.5 ab	71.5±1.5 a	28.2±0.1 b	10220.8±259.3 a
		N2	309.8±13.0 a	221.3±7.2 a	73.4±1.8 a	28.0±0.1 b	10320.8±402.5 a
	氮肥运筹	M1	266.4±13.9 a	205.4±9.7 a	71.3±2.5 a	28.2±0.2 a	9931.3±448.5 a
		M2	287.4±11.2 a	207.6±11.0 a	71.3±2.2 a	28.1±0.1 a	10200.0±455.9 a
		M3	289.9±25.6 a	214.2±9.6 a	74.7±1.1 a	28.0±0.1 a	10681.3±291.3 a
	组合	CK	224.9±17.3 d	186.9±9.0 a	70.6±3.4 a	28.6±0.0 a	8137.5±703.9 b
		N1M1	242.9±9.2 cd	187.6±10.1 a	71.0±3.7 a	28.6±0.2 a	10275.0±370.0 a
		N1M2	274.9±13.2 bcd	200.8±8.6 a	69.8±2.5 a	28.3±0.1 ab	10075.0±725.0 ab
		N1M3	239.9±8.7 cd	202.1±16.5 a	73.8±1.5 a	27.9±0.1 b	10312.5±357.7 a
		N2M1	289.9±18.0 abc	223.2±7.0 a	71.6±4.1 a	27.9±0.2 b	9587.5±866.4 ab
		N2M2	299.9±17.3 ab	214.4±22.1 a	72.8±4.1 a	28.0±0.1 b	10325.0±705.7 a
		N2M3	339.8±26.4 a	226.3±6.4 a	75.7±1.6 a	28.2±0.1 b	11050.0±400.6 a

品种	处理		产量构成因素				产量/(kg/hm²)
品种	处理		有效穗数/(个/m²)	总粒数/(粒/穗)	结实率/%	千粒重/g	产量/(kg/hm²)
益9优447	氮肥用量	CK	187.9±20.2 b	208.9±4.0 a	73.8±0.8 a	27.2±0.1 b	7775.0±486.7 b
		N1	234.2±11.6 b	194.2±7.5 a	74.9±1.1 a	27.9±0.2 a	9604.2±229.0 a
		N2	304.2±15.3 a	200.4±12.1 a	73.1±1.2 a	27.9±0.2 a	10545.8±389.1 a
	氮肥运筹	M1	237.4±16.2 a	182.9±14.6 a	75.4±1.4 a	28.2±0.1 a	9818.8±330.8 a
		M2	265.4±16.1 a	198.9±7.7 a	71.5±1.1 a	27.7±0.3 a	10193.8±415.4 a
		M3	304.9±25.3 a	210.1±12.0 a	75.0±1.4 a	27.9±0.2 a	10212.5±566.1 a
	组合	CK	187.9±20.2 d	208.9±4.0 a	73.8±0.8 ab	27.2±0.1 a	7775.0±486.7 b
		N1M1	209.9±8.7 cd	204.2±20.4 a	75.3±1.8 ab	28.1±0.1 a	9987.5±388.1 a
		N1M2	232.9±11.8 cd	184.9±3.7 ab	73.0±1.9 ab	27.6±0.5 a	9500.0±106.8 a
		N1M3	259.9±27.8 bc	193.6±12.5 ab	76.4±2.0 a	28.2±0.0 a	9325.0±591.1 ab
		N2M1	264.9±21.8 bc	161.7±14.1 b	75.5±2.6 ab	28.4±0.2 a	9650.0±606.7 a
		N2M2	297.9±10.4 ab	212.9±9.4 a	70.1±0.7 b	27.8±0.1 a	10887.5±608.3 a
		N2M3	349.8±20.0 a	226.6±17.1 a	73.7±1.9 ab	27.6±0.4 a	11100.0±682.3 a
益9优651	氮肥用量	CK	224.9±17.3 b	186.9±9.0 b	70.6±3.4 a	28.6±0.0 a	8137.5±703.9 b
		N1	252.5±7.7 b	196.8±6.5 ab	71.5±1.5 a	28.2±0.1 b	10220.8±259.3 a
		N2	309.8±13.0 a	221.3±7.2 a	73.4±1.8 a	28.0±0.1 b	10320.8±402.5 a
	氮肥运筹	M1	266.4±13.9 a	205.4±9.7 a	71.3±2.5 a	28.2±0.2 a	9931.3±448.5 a
		M2	287.4±11.2 a	207.6±11.0 a	71.3±2.2 a	28.1±0.1 a	10200.0±455.9 a
		M3	289.9±25.6 a	214.2±9.6 a	74.7±1.1 a	28.0±0.1 a	10681.3±291.3 a
	组合	CK	224.9±17.3 d	186.9±9.0 a	70.6±3.4 a	28.6±0.0 a	8137.5±703.9 b
		N1M1	242.9±9.2 cd	187.6±10.1 a	71.0±3.7 a	28.6±0.2 a	10275.0±370.0 a
		N1M2	274.9±13.2 bcd	200.8±8.6 a	69.8±2.5 a	28.3±0.1 ab	10075.0±725.0 ab
		N1M3	239.9±8.7 cd	202.1±16.5 a	73.8±1.5 a	27.9±0.1 b	10312.5±357.7 a
		N2M1	289.9±18.0 abc	223.2±7.0 a	71.6±4.1 a	27.9±0.2 b	9587.5±866.4 ab
		N2M2	299.9±17.3 ab	214.4±22.1 a	72.8±4.1 a	28.0±0.1 b	10325.0±705.7 a
		N2M3	339.8±26.4 a	226.3±6.4 a	75.7±1.6 a	28.2±0.1 b	11050.0±400.6 a

品种	处理		SPAD值		衰减率/%
品种	处理		始穗期	始穗后30 d	衰减率/%
益9优447	氮肥用量	CK	32.7±1.2 c	15.4±1.8 c	53.1±4.6 a
		N1	36.1±0.8 b	19.2±0.5 b	46.7±1.0 b
		N2	40.8±0.7 a	22.6±0.8 a	44.6±1.6 b
	氮肥运筹	M1	37.1±1.4 a	20.0±1.0 a	46.1±1.5 a
		M2	39.1±1.5 a	21.4±1.3 a	45.2±2.4 a
		M3	39.1±1.2 a	21.3±1.0 a	45.7±1.1 a
	组合	CK	32.7±1.2 c	15.4±1.8 c	53.1±4.6 a
		N1M1	35.4±2.4 bc	18.5±0.6 bc	47.4±2.0 a
		N1M2	36.1±0.9 bc	19.3±0.5 abc	46.5±1.7 a
		N1M3	36.7±1.1 bc	19.7±1.4 ab	46.4±2.3 a
		N2M1	38.8±1.1 ab	21.5±1.5 ab	44.7±2.3 a
		N2M2	42.2±0.8 a	23.6±1.8 ab	44.0±5.0 a
		N2M3	41.4±0.9 a	22.8±0.6 a	45.0±0.7 a
益9优651	氮肥用量	CK	31.1±1.1 c	15.1±0.6 b	51.4±0.9 a
		N1	36.2±0.9 b	19.8±0.8 a	45.5±1.2 b
		N2	39.5±0.9 a	22.3±0.6 a	43.6±0.7 b
	氮肥运筹	M1	36.9±1.0 a	20.7±0.9 a	44.0±1.0 a
		M2	37.8±1.3 a	20.8±0.9 a	44.9±1.0 a
		M3	39.0±1.4 a	21.6±1.2 a	44.8±1.7 a
	组合	CK	31.1±1.1 b	15.1±0.6 b	51.4±0.9 a
		N1M1	35.8±1.4 ab	19.7±1.1 a	45.1±1.2 b
		N1M2	35.7±2.0 ab	19.3±1.5 a	45.9±1.3 b
		N1M3	37.1±1.5 a	20.3±2.2 a	45.6±3.5 b
		N2M1	38.0±1.5 a	21.7±1.4 a	43.0±1.6 b
		N2M2	39.8±0.7 a	22.3±0.3 a	44.0±1.5 b
		N2M3	40.8±2.1 a	22.8±1.2 a	44.0±1.1 b

品种	处理		SPAD值		衰减率/%
品种	处理		始穗期	始穗后30 d	衰减率/%
益9优447	氮肥用量	CK	32.7±1.2 c	15.4±1.8 c	53.1±4.6 a
		N1	36.1±0.8 b	19.2±0.5 b	46.7±1.0 b
		N2	40.8±0.7 a	22.6±0.8 a	44.6±1.6 b
	氮肥运筹	M1	37.1±1.4 a	20.0±1.0 a	46.1±1.5 a
		M2	39.1±1.5 a	21.4±1.3 a	45.2±2.4 a
		M3	39.1±1.2 a	21.3±1.0 a	45.7±1.1 a
	组合	CK	32.7±1.2 c	15.4±1.8 c	53.1±4.6 a
		N1M1	35.4±2.4 bc	18.5±0.6 bc	47.4±2.0 a
		N1M2	36.1±0.9 bc	19.3±0.5 abc	46.5±1.7 a
		N1M3	36.7±1.1 bc	19.7±1.4 ab	46.4±2.3 a
		N2M1	38.8±1.1 ab	21.5±1.5 ab	44.7±2.3 a
		N2M2	42.2±0.8 a	23.6±1.8 ab	44.0±5.0 a
		N2M3	41.4±0.9 a	22.8±0.6 a	45.0±0.7 a
益9优651	氮肥用量	CK	31.1±1.1 c	15.1±0.6 b	51.4±0.9 a
		N1	36.2±0.9 b	19.8±0.8 a	45.5±1.2 b
		N2	39.5±0.9 a	22.3±0.6 a	43.6±0.7 b
	氮肥运筹	M1	36.9±1.0 a	20.7±0.9 a	44.0±1.0 a
		M2	37.8±1.3 a	20.8±0.9 a	44.9±1.0 a
		M3	39.0±1.4 a	21.6±1.2 a	44.8±1.7 a
	组合	CK	31.1±1.1 b	15.1±0.6 b	51.4±0.9 a
		N1M1	35.8±1.4 ab	19.7±1.1 a	45.1±1.2 b
		N1M2	35.7±2.0 ab	19.3±1.5 a	45.9±1.3 b
		N1M3	37.1±1.5 a	20.3±2.2 a	45.6±3.5 b
		N2M1	38.0±1.5 a	21.7±1.4 a	43.0±1.6 b
		N2M2	39.8±0.7 a	22.3±0.3 a	44.0±1.5 b
		N2M3	40.8±2.1 a	22.8±1.2 a	44.0±1.1 b

品种	处理		积累量/(kg/hm²)	转运量/(kg/hm²)	转运率/%	转运贡献率/%
益9优447	氮肥用量	CK	4336.3±189.2 a	2181.3±334.5 b	30.37±2.71 b	33.27±4.23 b
		N1	4939.6±270.1 a	4371.2±262.0 a	36.9±1.22 a	47.29±2.14 a
		N2	5483.6±393.2 a	4544.3±349.7 a	35.9±1.41 a	45.34±3.09 a
	氮肥运筹	M1	5164.7±425.3 a	4112.0±459.4 a	34.2±1.83 a	43.39±3.92 a
		M2	5509.8±564.5 a	4454.8±132.7 a	36.96±1.56 a	46.71±3.11 a
		M3	4960.2±245.3 a	4806.5±430.9 a	38.04±1.07 a	48.83±2.52 a
	组合	CK	4336.3±189.2 a	2181.3±334.5 c	30.37±2.71 b	33.27±4.23 b
		N1M1	4759.7±841.7 a	4693.3±774.2 ab	35.71±3.80 ab	48.13±7.02 ab
		N1M2	5309.7±226.6 a	4301.7±116.8 ab	37.75±1.05 ab	47.43±0.68 ab
		N1M3	4749.3±113.2 a	4118.7±352.5 ab	37.22±1.11 ab	46.3±2.11 ab
		N2M1	5569.7±178.7 a	3530.7±343.8 b	32.69±0.25 ab	38.65±2.28 ab
		N2M2	5710.0±1225.5 a	4608±225.8 ab	36.16±3.23 ab	45.98±6.89 ab
		N2M3	5171.0±493.6 a	5494.3±575.3 a	38.85±1.96 a	51.37±4.57 a
益9优651	氮肥用量	CK	4921.7±46.7 a	2642.0±152.6 b	31.20±0.70 b	34.88±1.52 b
		N1	5006.7±256.2 a	4770.8±162.4 a	38.67±0.94 a	48.37±1.66 a
		N2	5288.3±424.2 a	5155.0±275.1 a	41.36±0.90 a	50.75±1.91 a
	氮肥运筹	M1	5521.8±490 a	4464.7±174.6 b	38.48±1.59 a	45.75±2.15 b
		M2	5160.2±471.7 a	4952.7±225.3 ab	40.25±0.98 a	49.51±1.98 ab
		M3	4760.5±284.2 a	5471.3±290.6 a	41.31±0.90 a	53.42±1.35 a
	组合	CK	4921.7±46.7 a	2642.0±152.6 c	31.20±0.70 c	34.88±1.52 c
		N1M1	5752.3±124.8 a	4459.7±351.4 b	36.48±0.96 b	43.56±2.31 b
		N1M2	4636.3±493.1 a	4814.7±267.7 b	38.66±1.05 ab	49.19±2.54 ab
		N1M3	4631.3±334.4 a	5038.0±190.1 ab	40.85±1.95 ab	52.36±1.18 a
		N2M1	5291.3±1063.8 a	4469.7±170.1 b	40.48±2.79 ab	47.95±3.60 ab
		N2M2	5684±771.2 a	5090.7±404 ab	41.84±1.10 a	49.82±3.62 ab
		N2M3	4889.7±524.7 a	5904.7±445.2 a	41.77±0.26 a	54.49±2.57 a