Abstract: The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between quality traits of Brassica napus, and promote and improve the quality traits of rapeseed. One hundred and seventy DH lines were tested at field experiments in 2009-2012 years and corresponding to phenotypic data of seed quality traits were obtained for three consecutive years. Through phenotypic, correlation and principal component analysis to analyze quality traits data of DH lines. The results showed that: the variation coefficient of the erucic acid content was the highest between the female and male parent (up to 15.53%). The variation range of glucosinolate content in DH population was the largest and reached to 128.43μmol/g, but the variation range of saturated fatty acids was the smallest, and only 1.97%. The quality phenotypic variation in DH population showed a phenomenon of over parental inheritance. In addition to erucic acid, oil content showed a significant negative correlation with other quality traits, especially the negative correlation coefficient with protein content was the largest (-0.72). The protein content was extremely significant positive correlation with oleic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid and glucosinolate content, but it was extremely negatively correlation with oil content and erucic acid content. Except for protein content, other quality traits contents showed extremely significant or not significant negative correlation with glucosinolate content. The quality traits can be synthesized into oleic and linoleic acid factors, protein factor, linolenic acid factor and glucosinolate factor via principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate reached to 93.94%, which basically reflects the comprehensive information of the quality traits in DH population of Brassica napus.