Abstract: Protein is the executor of the physiological function, and it is the direct embodiment of the life phenomena. So, the proteomics research must be carry on, when we want to obtain a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of complex activities of life. Rapeseed oil is a very important to China, with the development of rape industry, a variety of breeding objectives were needed to be achieved. Then, we should strengthen the rape proteomics research for further understanding of the molecular mechanism. This paper reviewed the study of rape on proteomics research, the study of the rape protein extraction methods and two-dimensional electrophoresis conditions, the study of stress on nutrient, temperature and salt, the study of physiological and biochemical on different rape materials, and the study of disease resistance. Then we found that there have some shortcomings, such as the current study did not linked with production necessaries closely, the current study is not systematic, and the study method is the original. So, the rape proteomics research need to be strengthen to promote the development of rape industry, and then safeguard the oil security of China.