Abstract: To optimize cotton and peanut crop pattern and improve comprehensive economic benefit per unit area of land in sulphate saline- alkali soil, cotton‘Lumianyan37’and peanut‘Huayu36’were used as materials, in the sulphate saline-alkali soil in Gaotang County, yield, land equivalent ratio per area, planting cost and economic benefit were analyzed through two-year field trial. The results showed that the yield of cotton and peanut had interannual difference under local climatic conditions, and the land equivalent ratio, the total economic benefit, the total cost and the net economic benefit of cotton peanut 2:4 and 4:8 cropping pattern were relatively high, and those of cotton peanut 4:8 cropping pattern were the highest. The large and small intercropping system of cotton peanut 4:8 and annual rotation could be chosen as the best allocation for cotton-peanut compound cultivation.