Abstract: Aiming at the problems of soil Pb2 + pollution in Shanxi, we conducted a research to select an environmentally friendly and recyclable biomass material. Taking the biochar prepared from agricultural waste (wheat straw and peanut shell) as the material, we determined the optimal conditions affecting the adsorption by equilibrium adsorption method. The results showed that: when the initial concentration of Pb2 + was 200 mg/L, the optimum adsorption condition was the biochar adding amount of 8 g/L, the pH value of 3-7, and the shock of 360 min at 25℃, and the best adsorption effect was achieved with the adsorption amount of 24.85 mg/g and the removal rate of 99.38%. The adsorption of Pb2+ by this kind of biochar accords with the second-order kinetic equation and the Langmuir isotherm adsorption model, and R2 reaches 0.9994 and 0.9985, respectively. This study shows that the biochar prepared from the wheat straw and peanut shell has a good removal effect on Pb2+ under certain conditions.