Abstract: [Objective]Under the background of rising opportunity cost of domestic agricultural labor and increasing food price difference at home and abroad, the input of wheat production machinery in our country is increasing continuously. It is important to study the efficiency of input of agricultural machinery to optimize the effect of financial support. [Method]This paper uses data envelopment analysis to measure the input efficiency of wheat machinery in 15 main producing provinces in China from 1998 to 2016, and uses panel stochastic effect Tobit model to analyze its influencing factors. [Result]It is found that the overall efficiency of wheat machinery input in China needs to be further improved. The negative correlation between the planting area, irrigation and drainage costs, the implementation of the minimum purchase price policy and the mechanical input efficiency indicates that the structure of wheat machinery input in China needs to be optimized, and the use of machinery in irrigation links has a significant impact on the input efficiency. National policies are critical to supporting key links and areas of wheat production. [Conclusion]Therefore, it is necessary to promote wheat production machinery according to local conditions, pay attention to the subsidy of irrigation inputs of farmers and the optimization of irrigation machinery, and encourage agricultural machinery technology innovation and research and development from the policy level, which can enhance the efficiency and competitiveness of the agricultural machinery industry.