Abstract: Abstract: To popularize potatoes as staple food, the key is to increase the output and its contribution to the structure of staple food，which requires reducing the production cost and increasing the income of planting potato, in order to stimulate farmers'' interesting for planting. Based on the analysis of the change path of potato production cost from 2001 to 2016, this paper found that the gross production cost of potatoes increases rapidly. among the production costs, the increase of chemical fertilizer and rental operation cost is the largest; the labor cost increases rapidly, but the number of days of external employees tends to decrease. On the conclusions, the paper proposes that the indirect cost reduction space of potato production is limited. It is necessary to innovate technology, promote mechanized operation, expand the scope of subsidies for improved varieties, in order to control the production cost of potatoes, improve the compensation system for agricultural ecological environment by encouraging farmers to use Organic fertilizer, to promote the sustainable development of agricultural production and furfure promote the development process of the main grain of potatoes.