Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.20 Published:15 July 2019

  Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Basal-topdressing Ratio on Photosynthesis Characteristics of Winter Wheat Flag Leaf Under Drip Irrigation 2019, 35 (20):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080088 Abstract + ( 479 )   PDF ( 1191KB )   ( 307 ) To explore the effect of suitable basal-topdressing ratio of nitrogen fertilizer on photosynthesis of winter wheat under drip irrigation,‘Luyuan 502’was used as material, four different basal-topdressing ratio drip irrigation treatments were set up. Leaf area index (LAI), SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) were monitored dynamically. The results showed that, on the 35th days after anthesis, the LAI, SPAD, Pn, Gs and Tr of wheat flag leaves with basal-topdressing ratio of 4:6 was 1.52 times, 2.66 times, 2.57 times, 1.29 times and 1.43 times as much as the control, respectively, but Ci was only 90% of the control. They all were superior to the relative photosynthetic indexes of other treatments. It indicated that the basal-topdressing ratio of 4:6 could significantly improve the net photosynthetic rate, promote the assimilation of intercellular carbon dioxide by flag leaves, increase the stomatal conductance, decrease the concentration of intercellular carbon dioxide, increase the transpiration rate, and keep relatively high photosynthetic characteristics.

  Calcium Fertilizer Affects the Development of Peanut Pod Under Salt Stress 2019, 35 (20):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080120 Abstract + ( 625 )   PDF ( 1266KB )   ( 186 ) The objective is to study the effects of calcium fertilizer application on the developmental dynamics and plumpness of peanut pod under salt stress.‘Huayu 25’was used as material. Under 0.3%NaCl stress, the pot experiment was conducted with four calcium fertilizer levels: T1 (0 kg/hm2), T2 (75 kg/hm2), T3 (150 kg/hm2) and T4 (225 kg/hm2) CaO. The results showed that the dry weight accumulation of pod and volume expansion process presented a“slow- rapid- slow”trend. And the cumulative dynamics was simulated by a Logistic equation. Under salt stress, the date of maximum growth rate (Tm) of dry weight accumulation and volume of pod and kernel arrived 4-5 d and 2-5 d ahead of CK, and the maximum growth rate (Vm) was significantly lower than CK, respectively. The exogenous calcium application obviously alleviated the inhibition of peanut pods enlargement and enrichment under salt stress, and the effect of T3 was the most significant, of which the maximum growth rate of dry weight accumulation and volume increasing of pod and kernel were significantly higher than that of T1, while the date of maximum growth rate was significantly later than T1, the pod plumpness was increased, and so did the yield of peanut. According to the developmental dynamics, plumpness of peanut pods and yield, the suggested calcium fertilizer amount is 150 kg/hm2 CaO under 0.3% salt stress.

  Correlation Analysis of Pod Length and Yield Components of Hybrid Brassica napus 2019, 35 (20):  13-19.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050025 Abstract + ( 626 )   PDF ( 1326KB )   ( 154 ) The paper aims to study correlation between of pod length and the yield components in hybrid Brassica napus, 649 combinations of Brassica napus were used for field experiment, laboratory test and correlation analysis. The results showed that: The average pod length of Hybrid Brassica napus was 6.4596 cm, the range was 4.7184-8.6463 cm, Pod length between 5~7cm material accounts for 96.76% of the proportion of the total, However, the material with average angular fruit length greater than or equal to 8cm is only 1.54% of the population, and the material less than 5cm is only 1.70% of the population, Instructions there are few short - Angle pod in the rape.Pod length and 1000-grain weight(r=0.3815), seeds pod(r=0.4324) and yield were very significant positive correlation (r=0.2347), with pods per plant(r=0.0076) and pod length has no significant positive correlation, at the same time in the breeding of longer pod materials that not only can improve the Angle of 1000-grain weigh , seeds pod and yield plant , and will not reduce the pods per plant. Therefore, increase of rape pod length, improve rape production.

  Research on Potato Production Cost Structure and Its Variation Tendency from 2001 to 2016 2019, 35 (20):  20-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110134 Abstract + ( 523 )   PDF ( 1581KB )   ( 190 ) Abstract: To popularize potatoes as staple food, the key is to increase the output and its contribution to the structure of staple food，which requires reducing the production cost and increasing the income of planting potato, in order to stimulate farmers'' interesting for planting. Based on the analysis of the change path of potato production cost from 2001 to 2016, this paper found that the gross production cost of potatoes increases rapidly. among the production costs, the increase of chemical fertilizer and rental operation cost is the largest; the labor cost increases rapidly, but the number of days of external employees tends to decrease. On the conclusions, the paper proposes that the indirect cost reduction space of potato production is limited. It is necessary to innovate technology, promote mechanized operation, expand the scope of subsidies for improved varieties, in order to control the production cost of potatoes, improve the compensation system for agricultural ecological environment by encouraging farmers to use Organic fertilizer, to promote the sustainable development of agricultural production and furfure promote the development process of the main grain of potatoes.

  Wildlife Lagerstroemia indica in Shunhuang Mountain, Hunan: Species Diversity and Distribution Pattern 2019, 35 (20):  29-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100072 Abstract + ( 439 )   PDF ( 1320KB )   ( 133 ) By investigating and analyzing the bio-diversity and distribution patterns of Lagerstroemia indica+Toona ciliate community(Jia), Lagerstroemia indica+ Lagerstroemia indica+Phoebe neurantha community(Yi), Lagerstroemia indica-Ardisia crenata+Lonicera fragrantissima community(Bing) and Lagerstroemia indica-Pilea hookeriana+Cyrtomium macrophyllum community(Ding), we attained the main results as follows: (1)In Jia, Yi, Bing and Ding communities, Patrick richness index(R) followed the order of Ding＞Bing＞Jia(＝Yi)(P＜0.05), Simpson bio-diversity index(D) followed the order of Jia(≈Yi)＞Ding＞Bing(P＜0.05), Shannon-Wiener bio-diversity index(H) followed the order of Bing(≈Ding)＞Jia(≈Yi)(P＜0.05), Pielou evenness index(E) followed the order of Jia(≈Yi)＞Bing(≈Ding)(P＜0.05); (2)Jia or Yi communities took on evenness distribution pattern, and Bing or Ding communities took on clump distribution pattern. Clump intensity(K), Clump index(I), Mean crowding(m*) and Green index(GI) were followed the order as Bing(≈Ding)＞Jia(≈Yi)(P＜0.05)。This study will to some degree enrich and broaden the vegetation ecology, and provide theoretical basis for the protecting of wildlife Lagerstroemia indica.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of 62 Strains of Volvariella volvacea 2019, 35 (20):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060112 Abstract + ( 425 )   PDF ( 1175KB )   ( 104 ) In order to identify Volvariella volvacea strains, the genetic diversity of 62 strains of V. volvacea were assessed using 7 primers of RAPD and ISSR molecular markers. The results showed that 46 DNA fragments with the sizes ranged from 250-2000 bp were amplified, and 43 (about 93.5% in average) of them were polymorphic. DNA fingerprints of different strains suggested that the genetic diversity were ubiquitous among these 62 strains, and the genetic similarity coefficient of 62 strains ranged from 0.63 to 0.97. The result of clustering analysis indicated that all of the 62 strains of V. volvacea could be divided into 25 distinct genetic groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.80, and strains V0062, V0079 and V0004 had the farthest genetic distance away from the other strains. The results also showed that the dissimilarity coefficient of each other of strain V0084 and V0085 was 0, and should be distinguished by some other methods.

  Effects of Vermicompost Fertilizer on Fruit Quality, Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Enzyme Activity of‘Yulu Xiang’Pear 2019, 35 (20):  38-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070121 Abstract + ( 455 )   PDF ( 1213KB )   ( 135 ) To provide the data support for the application of vermicompost fertilizer in ‘Yulu Xiang’ pear orchard, the effect of vermicompost and slow-release fertilizer on fruit quality and soil comprehensive fertility was explore. Three fertilization treatments including no fertilization(CK), application of cow manure compost(P1) and application of vermicompost and slow-release fertilizer(P2) were set up in ‘Yulu Xiang’ pear orchard in the past three years. The study compared the fruit quality, soil nutrient content and the change of enzyme activity among different treatments and analyzed the correlation between fruit quality and soil comprehensive fertility. The results showed that, compared to the P1, the fructose content of the P2 increased by 1.93%, vitamin C increased by 10.90%, and soluble protein content increased by 20.99%. Soil organic matter increased by 19.59%. The activity of soil acidic phosphatase was significantly decreased (6.087 μmol/g) and the activity of urease was significantly higher (1.249 mg/g). The correlation analysis of soil comprehensive fertility and fruit quality showed that the fruit of sugar, vitamin C, soluble protein content and soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, available potassium, acid phosphatase activity and invertase activity were significantly positively related. The continuous application of vermicompost and slow-release fertilizer (4 kg/plant) in the orchard of ‘Yulu Xiang’ pear improved the comprehensive fertility of soil compared to that of cow manure compost. In addition to significantly increase the content of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and available potassium content, acid phosphatase activity and sucrose enzyme activity, it was also increase the fructose, vitamin C, and soluble protein content of ‘Yulu Xiang’ pear and it was obviously improved the fruit quality of ‘Yulu Xiang’ pear.

  Safflower Seed at Germination Stage: Identification and Evaluation of Drought Resistance 郭丽芬 and 2019, 35 (20):  44-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030030 Abstract + ( 431 )   PDF ( 1363KB )   ( 106 ) To explore the drought tolerance mechanism of safflower and provide a basis for breeding drought tolerant varieties, we studied the effect of drought stress on the germination and growth of safflower germplasm. We measured the germination rate and seedling growth index of 10 safflower germplasm under drought stress which simulated by PEG- 6000 and analyzed each measurement index by fuzzy subordinate function. The results showed that: low concentration (5%) of PEG had a positive effect on germination of safflower seeds, while 15% of PEG had a significant inhibitory effect on the germination. Therefor, 15% PEG concentration was used to identify the drought resistance of safflower germplasm. Under drought stress, the seed germination energy, the seed germination rate, hypocotyl weight and cotyledon weight of the 10 safflower germplasm all decreased, and the growth of embryos was inhibited; the effects of drought on the length and weight of root of different germplasm were inconsistent. Grain drought resistant index (GDRI) and subordinate function value are used to evaluate the comprehensive drought resistance at germination stage of 10 safflower germplasms, BXY1465 is the material with high drought resistance at germination stage, BXY512, BXY426, BXY1466 and BXY1859 are the materials with moderate drought resistance at germination stage, BXY1805, BXY2527, BXY2110, BXY750 and WH0086 are the materials with low drought resistance at germination stage.

  Evaluation of Water Environmental Carrying Capacity of Jiangsu Province 2004-2015 2019, 35 (20):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050012 Abstract + ( 364 )   PDF ( 1343KB )   ( 139 ) The study of water environment carrying capacity has an urgent and realistic significance for the sustainable development of socio-economic and ecology. The evaluation indicators were selected from the four perspectives of socio-economic, ecological, water quality, and water volume. The data of Jiangsu Province from 2004 to 2015 were statistically processed and calculated using the analytic hierarchy process and the vector norm method. The results show that the water environmental carrying capacity of Jiangsu Province as a whole showed a downward trend from 2004 to 2015 and reached the lowest value in 2008. From 2008 to 2015, the water environmental carrying capacity showed a trend of fluctuation and increase. The 2015 evaluation value is 0.342, but it is still lower than the multi-year average of 0.351. Therefore, Jiangsu Province must make breakthroughs in improving environmental protection investment, innovating technological equipment, optimizing, upgrading and shifting the industrial structure, so as to further enhance the local water environment carrying capacity.

  Ecological Functions of Reed in Coastal Wetland: Research Progress 2019, 35 (20):  55-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010098 Abstract + ( 1331 )   PDF ( 1494KB )   ( 151 ) Phragmites australis is a typical perennial gramineous plant with superior reproductive capacity, This study was based on the summary of the ecological habit characteristics of P. australis, the effects of water and salt on the physiological morphology of P. australis were analyzed, and the ecological function of reed in coastal wetlands was clarified from the aspects of anti-wind and wave elimination, purification of water quality and adsorption of heavy metals. And the research progress of reed breeding technology was summarized, the aim is to provide scientific basis for making full use of the application of reed community in coastal wetland vegetation restoration and ecological construction.

  Comparative study of nitrogen release characteristic research on long-acting ammonium bicarbonate and urea indoor culture conditions 2019, 35 (20):  59-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060022 Abstract + ( 488 )   PDF ( 1312KB )   ( 212 ) The experiment was conducted to comparatively study the accumulation of multi-element long-acting granular ammonium bicarbonate and urea in the water and soil. The results showed that the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and amide nitrogen of the two fertilizes increase with the increase of incubation time in the same temperature. However, the accumulation of ammonium nitrogen of the long-acting ammonium bicarbonate was lower than the urea. So the multi-element long-acting granular ammonium bicarbonate expressed the slow-release effect. In addition, the experimental result of thermostatic cultivation leaching of the two fertilizes applied in soil showed that the leaching rate of accumulation of ammonium nitrogen, nitric nitrogen and amidonitrogen was reduced

  Analysis of cold weather and meteorological services on April 2018 in Jincheng 常爱平 2019, 35 (20):  65-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070089 Abstract + ( 463 )   PDF ( 2685KB )   ( 176 ) in the early April 2018, the complex spring cold weather occurred in Jincheng city. The temperature was severe, the duration was long, the precipitation was accompanied by the severe wind. The grain crops and the flowering fruit trees were frozen and the loss was serious. In this paper, the spring cold weather in the early April 2018 was analyzed, from the early climate characteristics and weather. The situation is studied. It is found that the fluctuation of shallow trough combined with the ground trough, the rapid invasion of the cold air of the East Road and the continuous supplement are the weather situation of the spring cold and frost damage, and the Asian circulation meridian anomaly has obvious warning significance to the late spring cold weather forecast. Through the analysis of the decision-making meteorological service of this process, it is concluded that the process of decision-making service is timely and accurate. The early warning information of the disaster weather is published early; the coverage of meteorological products is large and the audience is wide; the departments are linked and deployed well. However, because of the strong cooling effect, long duration, little effect and heavy losses. Therefore, how to take more effective defense measures to avoid or reduce the loss of such disasters is the direction of further improvement and thinking in the field of Meteorology and agriculture.

  Frost-free Periods in High-cold Region During 1961-2017: Variation Characteristics and the Accumulated Temperature 2019, 35 (20):  70-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030053 Abstract + ( 521 )   PDF ( 1373KB )   ( 129 ) The paper aims to effectively prevent and migigate the impact of frost disaster on agricultural production in high-cold region of Qinghai province,and provide a reliable basis for reasonable development of agricultural climate regionalization. Based on the daily average air temperature data and the daily minimum temperature of Guinan county meteorological staion from 1961 to 2017,by using linear tendency estimation and M-K mutation analysis,several elements were analyzed,including the first frost date,the last frost date,the frost-period,and accumulated temperature of the frost-free period.The results showed that the First frost date assumes a significantly delayed trend,and last frost date assumes a significantly early trend. The Frost-free period assumes a significantly long trend,and the advanced magnitude of last frost date is treater than the delayed magnitude of first frost date.The frost-period was an insignificant tendency to delay; the accumulated temperature of the frost-free period was a significantly added trend.The first frost date had a advanced climate abrupt in 1972,the last frost date and the frost-period had a delay climate abrupt in 1970,the accumulated temperature of the frost-free period had a increased climate abrupt in 1977.

  Analysis and Evaluation of Lightning disaster risk regionalization based on GIS and AHP in Inner Mongolia 2019, 35 (20):  75-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040079 Abstract + ( 382 )   PDF ( 1964KB )   ( 143 ) Based on natural disaster risk theory, using thunderstorm lightning data, basic geographic information, socio-economic data and lightning disaster information, This study selected 11 indicators, including terrain change, water system, soil conductivity, thunderstorm day, cloud-ground lightning density, land use, per capita GDP, and lightning protection ability of sensitive units. The lightning disaster risk index is constructed by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the lightning disaster risk assessment model is established, the sensitivity of environment, the hazard factors, the vulnerability of disaster bearing bodies and the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation are systematically analyzed, the comprehensive risk regionalization of 1 km × 1 km lightning disaster is carried out by using ArcGIS. The results show that most of the eastern and southern parts of Inner Mongolia belong to the high risk area, the northern part of the central part belongs to the middle risk area, and the low risk area is mainly distributed in the western region. In order to verify the correctness of the regionalization results, the lightning disaster data are selected for the grey correlation evaluation of the lightning disaster, the assessment results are consistent with the distribution of lightning disaster risk regionalization.

  Cotton: Resistance to Prodenia litura and Syllepta derogata Fabricius 2019, 35 (20):  83-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030079 Abstract + ( 305 )   PDF ( 1031KB )   ( 96 ) [Objcctive] The paper aims to study whether the existing cotton varieties are resistant to Prodenia litura and Syllepta derogata Fabricius, find out what traits are related to the resistance.[Method] In the years of 2007, 2009 and 2010, Prodenia litura and Syllepta derogata Fabricius were serious occurrence, the natural occurrence of insect damage was observed in the field, and various agronomic characters of cotton were investigated. [Result] Different varieties had great differences in resistance to these two pests; It was found that Prodenia litura had no selectivity to Bt cotton, vigorous growth, stem and leaf with fuzzy hair were morphologic resistance to Prodenia litura, glandless cotton was damaged more. Bt cotton had better resistance to Syllepta derogate Fabricius; Population growing weak, cotton with thin stems were not resisted to Syllepta derogate Fabricius; Cotton with okra leaf or red leaf had better resistance to Syllepta derogate Fabricius. [Conclusion] Insect resistance is related to many characters, interaction between characters also plays a major role, the near isogenic line is the best material for the study of insect resistance.

  Resistance Evaluation of Sugarcane New Varieties to Borers in Sugarcane Seedling Stage 2019, 35 (20):  88-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050122 Abstract + ( 514 )   PDF ( 971KB )   ( 110 ) Quantification of resistance to borer pest damage in sugarcane varieties is key to application of insect-resistant varieties and discovery of insect-resistant genes. Using natural population inoculation, two years surveys was conducted to analysis the borer damage in 10 new sugarcane varieties at seedling stage and their resistance to borer. The results showed that the borer resistance of different new sugarcane varieties had significant difference. Guitang 29 and Guitang 31 exhibited resistance to borer, and then Funong 39, Dezhe 03-83 and Yunzhe 05-49 were susceptible to borer. Resistance of some new sugarcane varieties varied with the selection pressures of borer. Yunzhe 03-194, Yunzhe 05-51 and Yunzhe 06-407 were susceptible to borer under higher population density of borer, however showed resistant under lower population density.

  Application of FTIR Technology in the Primary Screening of Gene Editing Tobacco Material Diseases 2019, 35 (20):  92-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080036 Abstract + ( 386 )   PDF ( 1572KB )   ( 81 ) Aiming at the diseases that appear in gene editing tobacoo materials, based on the differential analysis, we developed a high-throughput FTIR primary screening method based on the characteristics of tobacco material diseases as the core of research. Based on the premature flowering and normal seedling formation period study, showed that tobacco leaf carbohydrates increased significantly after premature flowering, while the protein content did not change significantly, ratio of sugar to protein increased significantly. The carbohydrates may be premature flowering tobacco plants flowering signal factor. Study on the chlorisis leaves and normal leaves showed that the carbohydrate in chlorisis leaf decreased significantly, and the protein content was basically unchanged. While the nitrate was enriched in chlorisis leaves, which may be due the photosynthesis decreased in chlorisis leaves, the absorption and assimilation of plant nitrate were decreased, but the assimilation decreased more significantly, therefore, the nitrate was enriched in chlorisis leaves. It is also possible to block or reduce the assimilation of nitrate in plants due to the editing of gene loci. The enrichment of nitrate in tobacco leaves can be used as a preliminary screening criterion for this type of chlorisis disease, and the characteristic peaks of the chlorisis tobacco were in 1384 cm-1 and 829 cm-1. In addition, the changes in the chemical composition are verified by other analytical methods and the results are consistent. The principal component analysis showed that the disease tobacco could be distinctly distinguished from the control tobacco, and a preliminary determination model of the related diseases tobacco was established. The results showed that the analysis results of FTIR technology had high accuracy, and the difference between them was obvious. It could be applied to high-throughput primary screening for early disease diagnosis and disease analysis of gene editing tobacco materials.

  Toxicity Test and Field Efficacy of 3 Biological Insecticides to Bemisia tabaci on Tobacco 2019, 35 (20):  99-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040006 Abstract + ( 496 )   PDF ( 1037KB )   ( 128 ) To screen effective drugs for controlling tobacco Bemisia tabaci, toxicity test and field efficacy of 3 biological insecticides to B.tabaci were used on tobacco. The toxicity test results showed that the virulence of B.tabaci presented as 0.5% ivermectin EC > 0.5% veratridine Solution > 6% rotenone microemulsion, and the LC50 values of them were 1.396 mg/L, 5.083 mg/L, 12.287 mg/L respectively, which was significantly better than the CK cyhalothrin (LC50 = 30.67 mg/L). Results of field efficacy showed that the adjusted efficiency of 3,7,14 days after treatment of 2000 times of dilution of 6% rotenone microemulsion, 0.5% ivermectin EC, 0.5% veratridine solution were over 70%. Therefore, the 3 biological insecticides have no harmful effects on the tobacco field, and the tobacco plants are safe to grow and can be further promoted and applied in production.

  Identification on pathogen of Melon leaf spot disease and its fungicides screening in laboratory 2019, 35 (20):  104-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080046 Abstract + ( 379 )   PDF ( 1410KB )   ( 104 ) 【Objective】The pathogen causing leaf spot disease on melon in greenhouse in Gansu in recent years was clarified to provide reference for the effective control of the disease.【Method】In this experiment, the pathogens of melon leaf spot disease, their Biological characteristics and fungicides screening in laboratory were studied by tissue separation method ,single spore isolation method and growth rate method. The pathogens of melon leaf spot disease were identified as Alternaira peponicola (Rabenhorst simmous) and Alternaria cucumerina (Ell. et Ev. Elliott.).The optimal temperature for the growth of these two Alternaria were 30 °C,the light conditions and the suitable medium were completely light and completely dark, melon juice and PDA of Alternaira peponicola (Rabenhorst simmous) and Alternaria cucumerina (Ell. et Ev. Elliott.), respectively. The indoor fungicides screening found that the different fungicides had different inhibition rates for different pathogens, the inhibition rate of 10% difenoconazole, 40% flusilazole, 50% thiram, 70% mancozeb against Alternaira peponicola (Rabenhorst simmous) were above 84%, which were 96.66%, 94.46%, 90.82% and 84.37%, their value of EC50 were 17.89μg/mL, 3.41μg/mL, 44.27μg/mL, 42.34μg/mL, respectively. 50% ether oxystrobin, 43% tebuconazole and 40% myclobutanil had better inhibition against Alternaria cucumerina (Ell. et Ev. Elliott.),the inhibition rates were all above 85%, 98.20%, 90.82% and 85.43%, respectively, and their EC50 were 3.45 μg/mL, 21.35 μg/mL, and 5.21 μg/mL, respectively. 【Conclusion】These results provide a basis for further development and application of the above fungicides. The results provide a basis for effective control of melon leaf spot disease.

  Toxicity Test of Seven Fungicides on The Pathogens of Artemisia Downy Mildew 2019, 35 (20):  112-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060034 Abstract + ( 448 )   PDF ( 1428KB )   ( 97 ) The aim of this experiment was to screen out the best bactericide for controlling Artemisia downy mildew. The pathogenic bacteria were isolated by the method of tissue identification and purification , which was identified as Bremia lactucae. Regel.The drug test used the growth rate of toxic medium to determine the inhibitory effect of seven fungicides on downy mildew. The results show: after 72h, EC50 of Chlorothalonil was 1.46mg/L, the virulence index was the high, and the inhibition was most significant; EC50 of dimethomorph and mancozeb were 4.31 and 5.63 mg/L, the inhibitory effects were significant; EC50 of metalaxyl mancozeb was 9.19 mg/L, the inhibitory was good; EC50 of propamocarb and sandofan were 26.31 and 101.32 mg/L, the inhibitory effects were common; EC50 of sodium dichloroisocyanurate was the highest value, and the inhibitory was poor. The inhibitory effect was similar between 72 h and 96h.Therefore, among the seven fungicides, chlorothalonil had the best inhibitory effect.

  The Co-toxicity and Control Effect of Emametin Benzoate and Niclosamide Ethanolamine to Oncomelania hupensis gredler 2019, 35 (20):  118-120.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030034 Abstract + ( 465 )   PDF ( 1008KB )   ( 98 ) In order to select efficient insecticides to control Oncomelania hupensis gredler，the co-toxicity and control effects of emametin benzoate and niclosamide ethanolamine were detected using immersion method in chizhou, anhui province. And the results showed that LC50 of emametin benzoate to Oncomelania hupensis gredler was 0.039 mg/L, when the mass ratios of emametin benzoate and niclosamide ethanolamine were 20:1~1:20, the co-toxicity coefficient(CTC) were more than 120, the CTC was 399.20 when the mass ratio was 1:10. 24% emametin benzoate?niclosamide ethanolamine EC was made and the control efficacy were tested at the ratio of 0.5 ml/m2, 1 ml/m2 and 2 ml/m2, the results showed that 24% emametin benzoate?niclosamide ethanolamine EC have better effects than 70% niclosamide ethanolamine WP and 6% metaldehyde WG, and the control efficacy were 89.14% and 87.23% after 3 and 5 days when it was used 2 ml/m2, respectively. The combination of emametin benzoate and niclosamide ethanolamine can be used to control Oncomelania hupensis gredler effectively.

  Effects of Exogenous Selenium on Nutritional Quality, and Components and Contents of Flavor Substances in Lettuce 2019, 35 (20):  121-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050018 Abstract + ( 479 )   PDF ( 1010KB )   ( 225 ) A pot experimental study on the effect of Spraying Selenium (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg.L-1) on the nutritional quality and flavor of lettuce leaf. The results showed that foliar application of selenium increased the content of sweet amino acids, umami amino acids and bitter amino acids of leaf lettuce, and it reached peak when Se was 0.2 mg.L-1. The content of organic acid, citric acid, malic acid and tartaric acid were increased in different degree by Spraying Selenium on the leaves. At 0.2 mg.L-1 Se, the total acid content, citric acid content, malic acid content and tartaric acid content reached the maximum value. At 0.8 mg.L-1 Se, the total flavor substances in leaf lettuce increased by 44.15%. The content of 2-octanol, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl cyclohexanone, 7-pyrrolidone and hexyl acetate increased by 32.31%, 28.87%, 33.46% and 80.52% compared with the control, respectively. Foliar application of selenium improved the nutritional quality of lettuce and increased the content of flavor substances, and the best treatment was 0.2 mg.L-1 Se.

  Grape Pomace Protein: Nutritional Value Evaluation 2019, 35 (20):  126-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040139 Abstract + ( 412 )   PDF ( 1059KB )   ( 164 ) The paper aims to develop grape pomace as a new type of feed resources scientifically, we measured the hygienic index, nutrient content and amino acid composition of grape pomace by national standard methods, and analyzed the value of essential amino acids by international general methods. The results showed that: the grape pomace hygienic index, including Pb, As, Hg, Cd, F, aflatoxin, bacteria, total number of molds met the national standard of feed hygiene; the conventional nutrient content in grape pomace contained crude protein of 12.0%, crude fat of 8.4%, crude fiber of 29.5%, crude ash of 3.2%, Ca of 0.82%, total phosphorus of 0.08%; the total amount of amino acids was 10.78%, with the proportion of essential amino acids 34.88%, and the delicious amino acid accounted for 43.43% of the total amino acid; the chemical score (CS), amino acid score (AAS), essential amino acid index (EAAI), biological value (BV), nutrition index (NI) and Score of Ration Coefficient of Amino acid (SRCAA) of grape pomace protein were 43.3, 47.7, 65.8, 60, 7.9, and 76.3, respectively. Grape pomace, with other well-balanced essential amino acids except for the insufficient sulfur-containing amino acids of first limiting amino acid, it is a new feed resource to be developed.

  Digestion Methods for Determining Phosphorus Content in Plants 2019, 35 (20):  131-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030007 Abstract + ( 461 )   PDF ( 1119KB )   ( 318 ) [Objective] The effect of different pretreatment on the test results was investigated, in order to determinate phosphorus in plants rapidly and accurately. [Method] Four factors such as accuracy, precision, reagent consumption and the time spent were compared to obtain advantages and disadvantages among three kinds of methods. [Result] The result error were respectively -0.12～0.05 and -0.19～0.01 with the pretreatment of microwave and wet digestion, when standard materials of plant GBW10049, GBW10048 and GBW07603 were taken as the reference objects. However, the determination result was low by using dry digestion with the relative error of 8.2%. Moreover, the recoveries of the phosphorus from plants were between102.3 % and 108.3%, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was lower 4.4% when microwave digestion was applied. Factors affecting the spectroscopic properties were discussed, finally 20 min was chosen as color time. Under optimum conditions, good linearity was exhibited from 0.1 to 1.0 μg/mL with correlation coefficient of higher than 0.9990. [Conclusion] The method was successfully applied for the analysis of phosphorus in real plants samples.

  Qualitative Detection and Composition Analysis of Anthocyanins from‘Summer Black’Grape 2019, 35 (20):  138-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020089 Abstract + ( 590 )   PDF ( 1361KB )   ( 193 ) In order to study the composition of anthocyanins form summer black grape, this test determine the type and content of anthocyanins unknown extracted with aqueous solution of formic acid form summer black grape skin, and used to determine analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography, time of flight mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q -TOF-MS). The results showed that there were 10 kinds of anthocyanins with different structures detected in the peel of the maturing summer grapes. The main glucosides were glucosides, but rhamnoside and diglucoside also existed. Among the 10 kinds of anthocyanins, 3 kinds of agar pigments are aglucone, 2 kinds of peoniflorin are aglycone, and 2 kinds are delphinidin. Among them, malvaceone-3-glucoside had the largest proportion of the total anthocyanin content, which was 29%, followed by malvidin-3- (6- coumaroyl) -5-glucoside in a proportion of 26% , peonidin-3-glucoside-5-glucoside was 17%, delphinidin-3-glucoside was 10%, malolaose-3-glucoside- Glycoside No. 5, was 9%. Visible, summer black grape anthocyanin resources are rich in natural common, and occupy three kinds in six kinds of basic anthocyanins.

  Development of Regional Agricultural Planning Decision Making Support System Based on GIS 2019, 35 (20):  143-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020093 Abstract + ( 541 )   PDF ( 1939KB )   ( 103 ) As an important means for the government to regulate the market, regional agricultural planning has been paid more and more attention by government departments at all levels. Because the regional agricultural planning is a complicated system engineering, it has the characteristics of large amount of data, uncertain factors, wide range of fields involved and rapid change of current situation, together with the professional restrictions of planners and the backward technical method, it leads to the current agricultural planning has the problems of scattered and disorderly data, repeat statistics, less quantitative analysis, difficulty in accurate landing and insufficient dynamic analysis.

  Importance of Sample Normal Distribution for Decreasing the Spatial Sampling Number 2019, 35 (20):  150-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010148 Abstract + ( 506 )   PDF ( 1602KB )   ( 146 ) [Objective]Sample general distribution feature is a major factor to impact sample size, and normal transformation for non-normal distribution of general samples is an effective means to reduce sample size and improve survey efficiency. [Method]By using the special distribution data of the cultivated land of Mainland China of 2005 and by taking 1:100,000 topographic map frames as sampling units, the paper calculates the proportion of cultivated land area in each map frames. The normal transformation of original data is conducted by calculating 1.5 times square root, 2 times square root, 2.5 times square root, 3 times square root, and 4 times square root of them. Based on above transformation, a contrastive analysis on the factors of kurtosis and skewness, the number of samples and sampling error before and after the transformation is conducted. [Result]The result shows that, the stratified sampling based on 2.5 square root operation can dramatically reduce sampling rate. The sampling rate is reduced from 92.26% to 22.55%, and the average relative error of cultivated area index is reduced from 7.06% to 5.66%. The accuracy of sampling method is verified by using the 2005 cultivated land area index, and the average relative error of the sampling is only 3.27%. [Conclusion]The sampling method proposed by the study is highly applicable, and it is necessary to make normal transformation on the data distribution in spatial sampling. The study result has provided useful reference for the researches of scholars on space sampling survey.

  Spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetable village development in Beijing 2019, 35 (20):  158-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070037 Abstract + ( 496 )   PDF ( 3861KB )   ( 135 ) Vegetable industry is an important industry related to national economy and people''s livelihood, and industrial production is an important path to realize the modernization of vegetable industry. This paper takes Beijing vegetable specialty village as the research object, selects location data, planting scale and development quantity to discuss, and uses comparative analysis method and nuclear density analysis method to analyze the dynamic characteristics of spatial distribution of Beijing vegetable specialty village from 2008 to 2016. The results showed that the number of specialized vegetable villages in the suburbs of Beijing showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, changing from relative aggregation to relatively uniform distribution in geographical location changes, and gradually decreasing the degree of differentiation in planting scale. The research suggests accelerating the cultivation of new vegetable varieties and strengthening the production of high-end vegetable products. To extend the vegetable industry chain and develop the construction of a service platform for the whole vegetable industry chain; We should seize the opportunity of " internet plus" to build brand-name vegetables products in the suburbs of Beijing so as to promote the rapid and sound development of the vegetable industry.