Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.19 Published:08 July 2019

  Effect of Sowing Date, Density and Nitrogen Management on Grain Yield and Quality of High Yield‘Huaimai 33’ 2019, 35 (19):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020039 Abstract + ( 664 )   PDF ( 910KB )   ( 139 ) In order to establish regulation strategies on population control and nitrogen management for high yield and superior quality cultivation of wheat, a high yield wheat, Huaimai 33 was used to study the effects of sowing date, planting density and nitrogen management on grain yield and quality. The results showed that sowing date and density significantly affected grain yield and its components. Among the 5 sowing dates of October 1, October 11, October 21, October 31 and November 10, grain yield of October 11 sowing date was highest, and grain yield of October 1, October 21 was higher too, grain yield of October 31 was significantly reduced and grain yield of November 10 decreased mostly. The plant density of 225×104 plants?hm-2 treatment had the highest yield. Protein content enhanced with the increased density and the delay of sowing date. Increased nitrogen rate and dressing ratio during late growth period were benefical to increase grain yield and protein, wet gluten content and sedimentation value. Integrated analysis on grain yield and quality showed the appropriate management combination for high yield and superior quality cultivation of Huaimai 33 was sowing date of October 11, planting density of 225×104 plants?hm-2, nitrogen rate of 300 kg?hm-2 and dressing ratio of 5:3:2.

  New Wheat Variety‘Yannong 999’: Characteristics and Breeding Strategy 2019, 35 (19):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020078 Abstract + ( 1480 )   PDF ( 985KB )   ( 460 ) In order to fully understand the characteristics of the super-high yield wheat variety ‘Yannong 999’ and to provide reference for the breeding of super-high yield varieties. We analyzed the breeding objectives, breeding procedure, characteristics and breeding strategies of ‘Yannong 999’. The results showed that: the yield of ‘Yannong 999’ was outstanding, which was 12255.0 kg/hm2 in the high-yield establishment of wheat, created the highest record of wheat yield in Shandong and the highest winter wheat yield record in the national acceptance test by the experts of ministry of agriculture; it had good quality, and reached the national strong gluten wheat standard for two years in the regional test of the national Huang Huai southern winter water group; it also had wide adaptability and had been approved by Shandong and the Nation; the comprehensive resistance in the field was good. The breeding of super-high yield varieties should strengthen germplasm innovation and the application of various breeding methods, pay attention to select the high grain weight of panicle, increase the biological yield, and emphasize the coordination improvement of yield and quality.

  Correlation and Path Analysis of Major Agronomic Character of Different Types of Maize 2019, 35 (19):  11-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020033 Abstract + ( 528 )   PDF ( 960KB )   ( 189 ) The correlation and path analysis of yield and agronomic traits of 116 different types of maize combinations were made by the randomized block experiment in order to explore the relative importance of main agronomic characters in maize yield composition and the differences among different species in cangzhou ecological types area. The results showed that the yield of the varieties of traditional breeding materials before 2000 was very significantly correlated with ear length and 1000-seed weight. The greatest effect of samples production of maize was caused by 1000-seed weight. The yield of the varieties of new breeding materials since 2000 was very significantly correlated with ear length and row grains. The greatest effect of samples production of maize was caused by row grains, which was different from the varieties of traditional breeding materials. The main reason was that the new breeding materials were introduced due to the replacement of breeding targets, which still need further validation.

  Endosperm Mutation Genes and Molecular Breeding of Fresh Corn: Research Progress 2019, 35 (19):  21-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030006 Abstract + ( 581 )   PDF ( 1008KB )   ( 121 ) In recent 20 years, the breeding of fresh corn, an important fruit and vegetable type crop, has developed rapidly in China. To know the genetic research and molecular breeding progress of fresh corn, this study introduced the discovery process of endosperm mutant genes in corn, analyzed their molecular mechanisms and functions, and reviewed their application to different kinds of sweet and wax corn. Through summarizing the transgenic progress, QTL localization of qualities, agronomic traits and disease resistance, and association analysis results of fresh corn, as well as briefly reviewing the concept and characteristics of functional molecular markers, we discussed the future direction of molecular breeding of fresh corn and put forward some suggestions.

  The Resistance of Soybean Germplasm to Cercospora sojina: Genetic Variation 2019, 35 (19):  28-33.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010048 Abstract + ( 580 )   PDF ( 985KB )   ( 131 ) The objective of this study was developed in order to excavate excellent germplasm resources for cultivation of high resistance to Cercospora sojina. The disease index of soybean to Cercospora sojina was identified using 1164 portions (915 from China, 145 from outside and 104 from wild germplasm) by artificial inoculation. The average disease index of 1164 portions to Cercospora sojina was 52.2%, Genetic coefficient of variation was 23.9%; 64.9% of all varieties has the resistance to disease. ‘Chengduo 6’ was the highest-quality disease-resistant varietie which the disease index was 10%; The resistance of foreign soybean varieties to Cercospora sojina was higher than that of wild and domestic germplasm resources. The average disease index of Heilongjiang province varieties to Cercospora sojina was 52.0%, which resistance to disease was higher than other 13 provinces soybean population in china. There were 7 main soybean series varieties in Heilongjiang province. 93.8% varieties of ‘Kennong’ series showed the resistance to disease. 88.2% varieties of ‘Kenjiandou’ series showed the resistance to disease, 85.7% varieties of ‘Suinong’ series showed the resistance to disease. Ten varieties were screened out from Heilongjiang province soybean population. They were ‘Kennong 19’, ‘Kennong 17’, ‘Heinong 43’, ‘Heinong 47’, ‘Kenjiandou 4’, ‘Kenjiandou 33’, ‘Suinong 11’, ‘Suinong 12’, ‘Suinong 15’ and ‘Dongnong 43’. The resistance of soybean germplasm resources to Cercospora sojina retains abundant genetic variation. 10 varieties could be utilized inbreeding programs which aim to develop varieties resistance to Cercospora sojina.

  Biosynthesis, Regulation, Physiological and Ecological Functions and Application of Soybean Isoflavones: A Review 2019, 35 (19):  34-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010002 Abstract + ( 756 )   PDF ( 1116KB )   ( 149 ) Soybean is high in isoflavones of secondary substances, the soybean isoflavones is involved in disease resistance, environmental adaptation and regulation of growth and development of the crop. Soybean isoflavones is also phyto-estrogens which is used to prevent and treat human many diseases and tumors. In this paper, of soybean isoflavones the structure, regulation and signals transduction in biosynthesis process, physiological and ecological functions, as well as its medical effects and application in human health is discussed carefully; furthermore, on soybean isoflavones the developing and research trend to be strengthened in the future is analyzed, these provide valuable theoretical information for relevant researches.

  Influence of planting density on alfalfa seed yield and components 2019, 35 (19):  41-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020036 Abstract + ( 447 )   PDF ( 888KB )   ( 240 ) The field trail was conducted to study the effect of seed yield and components by setting up different plant spacing of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30cm with row spacing of 30cm under drip irrigation condition. Experimental data showed there were obvious influence in different density on pod rate and seed yield of alfalfa. The pod rate of 10cm was higher than others , up to 59.66%, but the seed yield was the lowest, only 572.83 kg.hm-2.The seed yield of 5cm was higher than others ,up to 1050.20kg.hm-2,which the next was 30cm,1002.15. kg.hm-2.The seed germination rate of 5 cm and 15 cm were 91.33%, which higher other treatments. Branches, pod number per inflorescence, seed number per pod, 1000-grain weight were more positively correlated with seed yield of alfalfa. With correlation coefficients of 0.54,0.523,0.474, 0.507, respectively. Comprehensive analysis the density has significant effect on factors of seed yield. The relatively high or low density can increase the seed yield, but the contribution rate that the different factor of seed yield is different in different density.

  Analysis on α biodiversity of plant communities in Shunhuang Mountain, Hunan 2019, 35 (19):  45-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100114 Abstract + ( 458 )   PDF ( 962KB )   ( 155 ) By studying the Patrick index(R)、Shannon-Wiener index(H)、Pielou index(E) of plant communities in different altitude in Shunhuang Mountain, Hunan, we reached the following results: (1)From the altitude of 400 m to 600 m, R and H were followed the order as tree layer＞shrub layer＞herb layer(P＜0.05) and E as shrub layer＞(tree layer≈herb layer)(P＜0.05), from the altitude of 600 m to 1500 m, R、H were followed the order as shrub layer＞(tree layer≈herb layer)(P＜0.05) and E as tree layer＞(shrub layer≈herb layer)(P＜0.05); (2)In the same plant layer, (tree layer)[(400～600 m)(R, H)]＞[(600～1500 m)(R, H)](P＜0.05),the verse as E, (shrub layer)[(1000～1500 m)(R, H)]＞[(600～1000 m)(R, H)]＞[(400～600 m)(R, H)](P＜0.05), (shrub layer)[(400～600 m)(E)]＞[(600～1500 m)(E)](P＜0.05), (herb layer)[(600～1000 m)(R, E)]＞[(400～600 m or 1000～1500 m)(R,E)](P＜0.05), (herb layer)[(600～1000 m)(E)]＞[(1000～1500 m)(E)]＞[(400～600 m)(E)](P＜0.05)。All in all, The heterogeneity of habitats in different altitude was the root cause of the difference of plant communities in different sampling sites.

  Genetic differences revealed by Genomic-SSR and EST-SSRin black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) 2019, 35 (19):  49-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030010 Abstract + ( 514 )   PDF ( 1412KB )   ( 106 ) [Objective] The genetic differences of Genomic-SSR and EST-SSR in black locust was studied in order to lay the foundation of rational use of different SSR molecular markers in genetic diversity of black locust and other related research. [Method] 12 individuals of black locust propagated by seeds from four collection sites in the USA was selected. Total genomic DNA was extracted by kit. 9 Genomic-SSR and 9 EST-SSR primers were used for PCR amplification. The products were separated by capillary electrophoresis. Comparative analysis of polymorphism, correlation of genetic similarity coefficients and cluster between Genomic-SSR and EST-SSR was conduct by related software according to the information of the bands. [Result] The average number of bands detected by Genomic-SSR was 6.0, shannon index 1.3833, observed heterozygosity 0.5749 and expected heterozygosity 0.6832. The average number of bands detected by EST-SSR was 5.1, Shannon index 1.2711, observed heterozygosity 0.5648 and expected heterozygosity 0.6526. Genetic similarity coefficients and cluster result by Genomic-SSR were more similar to Genomic-SSR + EST-SSR. [Conclusion] There are genetic differences between Genomic-SSR and EST-SSR of black locust, but the differences are not significant. Genomic-SSR of black locust can more accurately reflect genetic relationship of different genotypes. EST-SSR of black locust is more conservative.

  Fresh-keeping Film and Preservatives: Effects on Muskmelon Storage Quality 2019, 35 (19):  58-63.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030051 Abstract + ( 528 )   PDF ( 1070KB )   ( 128 ) For the high quality of muskmelon choose the more fresh-keeping film and preservative, improve its storage fresh quality. In this study, Xizhou Mi 25 as the test material, the use of conventional PE and PVC film packaging, and the current freshness of the better 1-MCP preservative and chitosan for fresh treatment, the preservation of plastic wrap and preservative treatment of muskmelon Storage quality. The results showed that the use of plastic wrap than the no-use of plastic wrap effect is not good, the use of preservative than the no-use of preservative effect is good, PE plastic wrap better than PVC cling film, 1-MCP preservative and chitosan because of its freshness is not the same , Fresh effect is different, but both to improve the quality of muskmelon storage have a very good effect. Therefore, PE cling film packaging combined with 1-MCP preservation or chitosan coating is one of the effective means to obtain high quality muskmelon.

  Endogenous Hormone Levels and Fruit Cracking of Sweet Cherry Cultivars: A Preliminary Study on the Correlation 2019, 35 (19):  64-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030076 Abstract + ( 688 )   PDF ( 1002KB )   ( 132 ) The cracking of sweet cherry damages its commercial value. In order to explore the differences in fruit cracking between different varieties and explore the correlation between endogenous hormone levels and fruit cracking, three late-maturing varieties (red light, early fruit, and early morning) of late-maturing varieties (Longtian late red and red agate) were selected. the study. The fruit cracking rate of different cultivars was detected. The content of auxin (IAA), gibberellin (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) in normal fruit and kiwi fruit flesh were detected and compared. The results showed that the rate of cracking of early maturing varieties was generally higher than that of late-maturing varieties, and the results showed that the contents of endogenous hormones in fruit pulps of all varieties were higher than those of normal fruits, with red light> early morning fruit> beautiful morning> long field late red> red agate. The content of endogenous hormones in fruit pulp of all varieties was higher than that of normal fruits, and the higher the percentage of abscisic acid in fruit cracks and normal fruits, the higher the rate of cracking. Therefore, it is inferred that the cracking of sweet cherry is related to the increase of abscisic acid content in mature period.The experimental results provide theoretical basis for the selection of suitable varieties for the production of sweet cherries, which can effectively reduce the rate of cracking and improve the commercial quality.

  The Singleness Analysis of Monokaryon from Agrocybe aegerita 2019, 35 (19):  68-72.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010040 Abstract + ( 711 )   PDF ( 1282KB )   ( 108 ) To study the singleness of monokayon from basidiomycetes, the morphology and molecular identification were compared for providing a reference for hybrid breeding and genetic research on edible fungi. The single-spore strain was isolated using the spore-dilution method, and then the clamp connection structure was observed. The decidable “monokayon” was further analyzed based on the amplification of A and B mating loci. The results showed: (1) Of 11 single-spore strains, 10 strains were identified for the monokaryon except 1 dikaryon producing clamp connection structure; (2) The amplified results based on the A and B mating loci showed 3 non-singleness “monokayons” contained two A and one B mating loci. The “monokaryotic strain” which identified by the clamp connection was probably mixed with heterogenous strain carrying the identical A or B mating loci, and it was suggested for obtaining monokaryotic strain using the single-spore isolation method combined with molecular analysis.

  Chemical Components and Relevant Enzyme Activity of Lonicera japonica at Different Harvest Stages 2019, 35 (19):  73-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030024 Abstract + ( 500 )   PDF ( 990KB )   ( 148 ) To further explore the dynamic change rule of active components in Lonicera japonica, we measured the contents of total phenol, total flavonoids, chlorogenic acid and the enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamic acid 4- hydroxylase (C4H), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) in L. japonica at different growth stages. And the correlation analysis was conducted. From bud stage to golden-flower stage, the contents of total phenol and flavonoids in L. japonica showed a trend of gradual decline, and the peak value was 4.42, 13.29 mg/g at bud stage respectively; chlorogenic acid reached the maximum at green bud stage, 33.37 mg/g. The contents of total phenol and flavonoids in leaves showed a fluctuation trend. Chlorogenic acid gradually declined, and the content was similar with that in flowers. The activity of C4H, PPO and POD had positive correlation with the content of active components. The active components in flowers and leaves are similar, so we can further develop the use value of leaves.

  Myristica fragrans Seeds: Cryopreservation Technology and Physiological and Biochemical Activity 2019, 35 (19):  78-82.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030015 Abstract + ( 544 )   PDF ( 1054KB )   ( 131 ) The purpose is to explore the cryopreservation method of Myristica fragrans seeds and to detect the effect of cryopreservation on physiological and biochemical indexes of M. fragrans seeds. Using fresh seeds of M. fragrans as materials, cryopreservation experiments were carried out with vitrification, slow freezing method and rapid freezing method, respectively. The viability of seeds was detected after cryopreservation. The group with the highest viability was selected and physiological and biochemical activities were determined. The results showed that when the moisture content of M. fragrans seeds was 24.44% , the viability of seeds cryopreserved by vitrification and slow freezing was 50.00% and 46.05%, respectively, and decreased with the increase of moisture content. The viability of M. fragrans seeds cryopreserved by direct freezing method increased first and then decreased with the increase of water content, and when the water content was 27.15%, the viability was the highest 62.68%. The lixivium, protein content, superoxide dismutase activity and catalase activity of M. fragrans seeds before and after cryopreservation were not significantly different, the content of malondialdehyde decreased and peroxidase activity and α-amylase activity increased. The results indicate that cryopreservation of M. fragrans seeds with liquid nitrogen is feasible.

  Artificial Planting of Hippophae rhamnoides in Abandoned Goldfield of Shuanglong Gully: Effects on Community Composition and Soil Properties 2019, 35 (19):  83-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020035 Abstract + ( 400 )   PDF ( 2183KB )   ( 309 ) Shuanglong gully, where vegetation recovery will influence the safety of water use, is the major catchment in the Upper Reaches of Shiyang River. [Objective]The aim of this study is to test whether Afforestation can effectively restore plant communities and accumulate soil nutrients. [Method]Selecting artificial planting of Hippophae rhamnoides as the research object, based on field observation and laboratory analysis, the paper studied the community composition and soil properties of artificial seabuckthorn forest in abandoned goldfield of Shuanglong gully. [Result]The results showed that there were 43 species including shrub and herb 2 life forms, in which about 41 species had been identified, which belonged to 16 families and 29 genera. Compared to control, the plant species was richer (about 27 species), the community vertical structure was more complicated, and has shrub and herb layers, in which the community type was Hippophae rhamnoides - Epelobium hirsutum. But in the control group there was only the herb layer, and Senecio scandens and Poa annua were the dominant species. In addition, the content of soil organic matter and available phosphorous at 0-10cm soil layer in Artificial seabuckthorn forest were higher, which were 11 and 9 times as much as that of the control respectively. But there were no significant difference in soil moisture content, bulk density and mechanical composition. [Conclusion]Therefore, planting seabuckthorn in abandoned goldfield of Shuanglong gully can play a positive role in enhancing species diversity and accumulating soil nutrients.

  Effects of Continuous Cloudy and Rainy Days on the Occurrence of Rice Blast in the Middle and Late Stages of Rice Grouting 2019, 35 (19):  91-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020071 Abstract + ( 831 )   PDF ( 979KB )   ( 298 ) To clarify the effect of continuous rain weather on rice blast in the middle and late stages of rice grouting, the correlations of meteorological conditions and the occurrence of rice blast in October of 2011-2016 years were analyzed. In this study, the disease index of rice blast in the middle and late stage of rice filling was positively correlated with the average low temperature in October, the correlation coefficient was 0.929, and the relationship was very significant. There was a positive correlation between the disease index of rice blast and the number of days over 90% of relative humidity, the correlation coefficient was 0.883, and the relationship was significant. There was a positive correlation between the disease index of rice blast and monthly rainfall and rainy days, the correlation coefficients were 0.761 and 0.671. And the disease index was negatively correlated with sunshine hours, the correlation coefficient was -0.775. The influence of continuous rainy weather and higher average low temperature on the rice blast in the untreated area in October was more important than the effect on the two fungicides control area. And the influence on the rice blast in two fungicides control area was the aggravation of branch plague and grain blast, the influence of the rice blast in the unused area was the aggravation of the panicle and neck blast. It had great influence on the occurrence of rice blast in susceptible varieties, and had little influence on the varieties of medium resistant varieties. Therefore, we suggest that farmers use fungicides with different mechanisms of action to respray on rice once more before the arrival of continuous and rainy weather. That would have a certain inhibitory effect on rice blast, and could be reduced the proportion of brown grain, improved rice appearance.

  The Climate Quality of Flat Peach in Shihezi: Evaluation Method 2019, 35 (19):  97-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010008 Abstract + ( 500 )   PDF ( 1025KB )   ( 176 ) By building the climate quality model of flat peach, we aim to provide a technical support for the meteorological certification of climate quality of flat peach and the development of regional advantage climate resources. Based on the daily meteorological monitoring data at Wulanwusu agrometeorological station from 1981 to 2018 and the determination data of quality factors of flat peach, we established the climate quality evaluation model of flat peach by expert evaluation method. The results showed that: the climate quality model of flat peach was composed of 4 factors as regional climate suitability, meteorological condition, meteorological disaster and production management measures of the growth period; the climate quality certification of flat peach were divided into 3 grades: excellent, good and ordinary; based on the model and combined with sampling test results in orchard, the climate quality grade of flat peach was good in 2018. The established model can be used as a quantitative evaluation method for the climate quality of flat peach, and can provide a scientific basis for consumers to purchase flat peach and for enhancing added value and economic benefits in flat peach production.

  Heat Injury Days of Tea in Southern Zhejiang: Climate Change Characteristics 2019, 35 (19):  102-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020084 Abstract + ( 505 )   PDF ( 977KB )   ( 153 ) The paper aims to understand the heat injury of tea in southern Zhejiang, and better serve agricultural production. According to the daily average temperature, daily maximum air temperature and daily mean relative humidity dataset from 7 observation stations in southern Zhejiang during 1971-2017, based on the statistical days of heat injury of tea according to the heat injury grade index for tea plant, we analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of heat injury days of tea by using the trend analysis method and the Mann-Kendall test. The results showed that: the mean heat injury days of tea in southern Zhejiang was 5.2 d/a, the highest was in Lishui (12.9 d/a), and the lowest was in Qingyuan (1.1 d/a), and the highest occurrence probability in late July; the heat injury days of tea showed a significant increasing trend with the rate at 1.9 d/10a, mutated in about 2000, and the increasing trend was the most significant in the early 21th century. Lishui was the most obvious area occurring heat injury of tea in southern Zhejiang, and climate trend rate was 4.7 d/10 a, the mutation of heat injury of tea occurred in 1993 in Lishui, and the increasing trend was the most significant at the beginning of 2003. Therefore, the risk of heat injury of tea will obviously increase.

  Characteristics of Rainstorm Caused by Weakened Typhoon“Haitang”in Weifang 2019, 35 (19):  107-111.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030035 Abstract + ( 534 )   PDF ( 2263KB )   ( 115 ) Using synoptic chart, numerical forecast product and Doppler radar to analyze the weakened tropical depression of typhoon“Haitang”, the author studied the severe convective weather process in Weifang of August 2 to 3, 2017, which was caused by typhoon“Haitang”. The results showed that: (1) this severe convective weather process was mainly caused by the weakened tropical depression of typhoon, cold air and ground cyclone; the good dynamic lifting condition, nice vapor transport condition and train effect caused rainstorm and heavy rainstorm in many sites of Weifang; (2) the severe numerical forecast products had great difference in the prediction of this process, the European Central numerical model showed great performance and could guide future forecast.

  Temporal and Spatial Distribution and Evolution Characteristics of Major Meteorological Disasters in Jiangsu Province 张余庆,许琪,卢鹏 and 艾文文 2019, 35 (19):  112-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010012 Abstract + ( 725 )   PDF ( 1178KB )   ( 211 ) Abstract: According to the observation data of meteorological stations and stations, relevant disaster data and national economic data of Jiangsu province in the past 35 years from 1983 to 2017, In this paper, five meteorological disasters, including severe convection, rainstorm, flood, drought, typhoon and snowstorm, with the largest losses, are selected as the main research objects, analyzed the spatial and temporal variations characteristics of major meteorological disaster events in Jiangsu province. According to the research, rainstorm and flood occurred mainly in summer (June to August), mainly in July. The high-value area is mainly located in the northern part of Huaibei, lixia river area and the western part of southern Jiangsu along the river. Severe convection disasters mainly occur in spring and summer (March to August), The distribution area is concentrated in the coastal areas of Jiangsu province and lixia river region, with Yancheng and Nantong region being the most serious. The drought disaster lasts for a long time, occurs in all seasons of the year, and was a wide range of distribution. Generally showing the trend of light weight in the southeast and heavy weight in the northwest. The great value area is located along the Huaihe Huaibei east area and Ningzhen Yang hilly area. Typhoon disaster mainly occurs in summer (from June to August), and its impact range is typically larger in coastal areas than in inland areas. Snow disasters mainly occur in winter (December to February of the next year), with the largest number in January, the occurrence of high frequency area is irregular sporadic distribution. In this study, direct economic loss and death population were used to characterize the evolution of meteorological disasters. The results showed that the cumulative death population showed an overall downward trend. From the 1980s to now, the total number of deaths due to meteorological disasters decreased by 83%.Direct economic losses showed a significant upward trend, with the economic losses after 1998 about 1.38 times as much as before. In general, the loss rate of meteorological disasters fluctuates and declines, and the regional loss rate since 2010 is about 0.1%.

  Automatic Classification of Winter Wheat: Based on Geometry Semantic Knowledge 2019, 35 (19):  120-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010038 Abstract + ( 455 )   PDF ( 3268KB )   ( 130 ) [Objective]The purpose of the study is to realize crop automatic classification based on remote sensing images, and to explore the roles of spatial information in crop classification, [Method]The paper proposes a crop classification method with the combination of spectral and spatial information. Firstly, the spectral information is utilized to realize the initial division of ground objects; secondly, by taking the historical spatial distribution of target crops as semantic constraints, the target crops are extracted based on degree of membership; Finally, under the condition of multi temporal remote sensing images, the method is verified by taking winter wheat as target crop. [Result]The result shows that, the method proposed in this paper can realize winter wheat automatic extraction and identification, with the overall accuracy of 95.33%，and Kappa coefficient of 0.90. The can meet the practical demand of agricultural condition monitoring. In addition, under the condition of mono temporal remote sensing image, the crop classification accuracy of the proposed method with the combination of geometric semantic knowledge also has reached a high level. [Conclusion]Compared with the remote sensing image classification method with single spectral information, the method proposed in this paper makes use of crop spatial information, and it not only meet requirement of accuracy, but also realizes automatic classification. It has certain reference value for engineering application.

  High-standard Farmland: A Review of Methods on Construction Suitability Evaluation, Benefit Evaluation and Influencing Factors 石晓丽 2019, 35 (19):  131-142.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110068 Abstract + ( 499 )   PDF ( 1096KB )   ( 657 ) Based on the methods of literature analysis, comparative analysis and comprehensive induction, we focused on the background and present situation, construction suitability evaluation, benefit evaluation and the influencing factors analysis of high-standard farmland, and compared and analyzed the setting of the evaluation index, the differences of main research methods in principle, advantages and disadvantages, applicability and so on; then, carried out the summary and outlook in the end. The results indicated that: the construction of high-standard farmland had obtained remarkable results, in the study of suitability evaluation before project construction, the orientation of the evaluation index was more inclined to the natural conditions of regional cultivated land; in the study of benefit evaluation after project construction, previous evaluation studies paid more attention to economic benefits, but at present the evaluation of economic, social and ecological benefits became equally important; in the study of influencing factors analysis, the current research was still weak, and there were still few explanations for the differences in the levels of benefit improvement in different construction regions. In view of the research methods, the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of different methods should be considered comprehensively in the future research. This study can provide reference for promoting high-standard farmland construction.

  Typical Model of Pig Manure Treatment Based on Integrated Crop and Animal Production in Jiangsu: Government-led Type 范敏其,管永祥,王鑫,盛婧,张岳芳,郭智 and 郑建初 2019, 35 (19):  143-149.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010068 Abstract + ( 492 )   PDF ( 1797KB )   ( 132 ) The paper aims to provide model reference and case reference for regional scale development of circular agriculture combined with crop and animal production, which could achieve coordinated and efficient utilization of agricultural waste resources, by summarizing the typical models of manure treatment in Jiangsu. Taking the government-led Wujin District Agricultural Waste Comprehensive Treatment Center (Lijia Station) as an example, we introduced the background and structure of the combination model, analyzed the key technical components, economic, ecological and social benefits, and clarified the operational mechanism. The results showed that: the construction of collecting service system formed a community of interests among breeding industry, planting industry, third-party service organizations, government and the publics, and solved the bottleneck problem of harmless treatment and resource utilization of small scattered breeding manure, and promoted the process of “rural revitalization” of “beautiful environment, rich farmers”. The government-led centralized treatment mode of breeding manure explored in Jiangsu is more representative and demonstrative value for construction and development of regional scale circular agriculture integrated crop and animal production.

  Effect of chemical regulation with different period and different planting density on summer maize 2019, 35 (19):  150-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030002 Abstract + ( 497 )   PDF ( 988KB )   ( 241 ) Lodging was the factor of limiting high yield of summer maize.The field experiment and field demonstration were conducted to study the effect of four chemical regulation medicines (Aifeng, Yu Huangjin, Ethephon, Jindele) with different period and different planting density on plant growth, lodging resistance and yield of summer maize. The conclusions were as follow. With the increasing of planting density the yield of summer maize increased, the plant height and ear height increased, the stem roughness decreased, the ratio of length and thickness became larger, the risk of lodging increase gradually, increasing plant density can significantly decrease the effect of chemical regulation on lodging resistance. In Yellow and Huai River Region , appropriate plant density of summer maize was 60000-75000 plants/hm2. Chemical regulation decreased plant height at 6 leaf stage uniformly, which was used to shape ideal coefficient of ear height and the ratio of stem length and thickness. The lodging resistance was the best when using chemical regulation at 6 leaf stage, followed by 8 leaf stage, 10 leaf stage was the worst. In addition, the impact on yield was the least when using chemical regulation at 6 leaf stage while that was the largest when using chemical regulation at 10 leaf stage. So 6 leaf stage was the best period of chemical regulation.

  Evaluation of Agricultural Sustainable Development of Different Regions in Hainan Province 2019, 35 (19):  150-156.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030047 Abstract + ( 334 )   PDF ( 1112KB )   ( 122 ) The evaluation theory of agricultural sustainable development based on Euclidean distance can accurately evaluate the sustainable development of agriculture in typical areas of Hainan province. It can diagnose and identify the obstacle factors of the sustainable development of agriculture in various regions. Data was used to analysis between 2000 and 2015.The results are as follows: (1) the agricultural sustainable development exponent (ASDE) in the city of Haikou decreased over the period from 0.44~0.52; the ASDE in the city of Sanya increased over the period from 0.31~0.59. the ASDE in the county of Qiongzhong increased over the period from 0.31~0.59. The three areas all belong to the state of low sustainable development. (2)The main factors that affect the sustainable development of Hainan are fertilizer, pesticide, rural disaster, agricultural technology and rural labor force and so on. All regions should adapt to local conditions and formulate policies that conform to their own circumstances.(3)The results of the evaluation basically reflect the situation of the agricultural system in Hainan Province, which shows that the evaluation method is practical. On the basis of the above research results, then we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation of the sustainable development level, and put forward some measures so as to provide a reference for promoting the sustainable development of agriculture in Hainan province.

  Analysis of Urban Residents’Willingness to Pay for Local Vegetables in Metropolises: An Empirical Study Based on 532 Consumer Questionnaires in Shanghai 2019, 35 (19):  157-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110124 Abstract + ( 496 )   PDF ( 993KB )   ( 329 ) Based on the survey data of 532 consumers in 12 districts of Shanghai, using the hypothetical valuation method to design the questionnaire, this paper empirically analyzes the willingness and its influence factors of Shanghai consumers to pay for leafy vegetables, with focus on the impact of price on consumers'' willingness to buy local leafy vegetables. It is found that the variables including price, degree of reassurance on vegetables, degree of trust on local vegetables, buyer, and gender affect the willingness of paying for local vegetables significantly. More specifically price is the main factor affecting willingness to pay. As price increases, consumers'' willingness to pay will decline. The data also show that the lower the consumer''s degree of reassurance on vegetables is, the more likely they are going to buy local leafy vegetables, which means that consumers have higher overall trust on quality and safety of leafy vegetables produced locally in Shanghai; the willingness to pay higher price is positively related to the degree of trust on local vegetables; male consumers are more likely to pay extra for real estate greens;the principal buyer of household is more likely to pay for local vegetables. According to the calculation, consumers are willing to pay an extra 2.12 Yuan per kilogram for local leafy vegetables compared with non-local leafy vegetables. At the end, according to the conclusion of this study, some suggestions are proposed such as strengthening food quality and safety supervision to improve vegetable quality, stabilizing vegetable price, and strengthening consumer education and publicity of local vegetables.