Abstract: The evaluation theory of agricultural sustainable development based on Euclidean distance can accurately evaluate the sustainable development of agriculture in typical areas of Hainan province. It can diagnose and identify the obstacle factors of the sustainable development of agriculture in various regions. Data was used to analysis between 2000 and 2015.The results are as follows: (1) the agricultural sustainable development exponent (ASDE) in the city of Haikou decreased over the period from 0.44~0.52; the ASDE in the city of Sanya increased over the period from 0.31~0.59. the ASDE in the county of Qiongzhong increased over the period from 0.31~0.59. The three areas all belong to the state of low sustainable development. (2)The main factors that affect the sustainable development of Hainan are fertilizer, pesticide, rural disaster, agricultural technology and rural labor force and so on. All regions should adapt to local conditions and formulate policies that conform to their own circumstances.(3)The results of the evaluation basically reflect the situation of the agricultural system in Hainan Province, which shows that the evaluation method is practical. On the basis of the above research results, then we analyzed the temporal and spatial variation of the sustainable development level, and put forward some measures so as to provide a reference for promoting the sustainable development of agriculture in Hainan province.