Abstract: Based on natural disaster risk theory, using thunderstorm lightning data, basic geographic information, socio-economic data and lightning disaster information, This study selected 11 indicators, including terrain change, water system, soil conductivity, thunderstorm day, cloud-ground lightning density, land use, per capita GDP, and lightning protection ability of sensitive units. The lightning disaster risk index is constructed by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the lightning disaster risk assessment model is established, the sensitivity of environment, the hazard factors, the vulnerability of disaster bearing bodies and the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation are systematically analyzed, the comprehensive risk regionalization of 1 km × 1 km lightning disaster is carried out by using ArcGIS. The results show that most of the eastern and southern parts of Inner Mongolia belong to the high risk area, the northern part of the central part belongs to the middle risk area, and the low risk area is mainly distributed in the western region. In order to verify the correctness of the regionalization results, the lightning disaster data are selected for the grey correlation evaluation of the lightning disaster, the assessment results are consistent with the distribution of lightning disaster risk regionalization.