Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.21 Published:13 August 2019

  Sowing Date Affects Growth, Development, Yield and Quality of Rice in Cold Region 2019, 35 (21):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080059 Abstract + ( 527 )   PDF ( 1292KB )   ( 142 ) To discuss the effects of sowing date on the growth, development and yield and quality of rice and to establish the optimum sowing date range are of certain significance for guiding rice production practice in cold regions. The experiment is carried out in filed, and‘Kongyu131’was used as the experimental material. Seven kinds of sowing dates were set up. The effects of sowing date on tillering dynamics, dry matter accumulation and yield formation of rice were analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in tiller number, panicle rate, dry matter accumulation, yield and its composition with different sowing dates. B2, B3 and B4 treatments significantly increased yield, effective panicles per square meter, seed setting rate, grain number per panicle and grain weight; the actual yield increased by 18.12%, 17.70% and 14.92% compared with B1, increased by 41.38%, 40.89% and 37.56% compared with B7, respectively. The effect of B2 treatment was the best, followed by that of B3. Compared with other treatments, B2, B3 and B4 treatments had higher leaf area index, more dry matter accumulation, and could form high quality population. They had higher spike rate, seed setting rate and grain number per spike, and had strong complementary effect among yield components, and ultimately improved grain yield and milling quality. In contrast, sowing too early or too late could lead to significant or extremely significant decrease in dry matter accumulation, panicle formation rate, seed setting rate and yield, and it was not conducive to the improvement of milling quality. Late sowing could significantly or extremely and significantly reduce chalky grain rate and chalkiness. The comprehensive analysis shows that the sowing date between April 10 and 20 is more suitable for high yield and high efficiency rice cultivation in cold region.

  The Main Quality Traits of Wheat: Correlation Analysis and Principal Components Analysis 2019, 35 (21):  7-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070115 Abstract + ( 776 )   PDF ( 1178KB )   ( 168 ) In order to evaluate the contribution of main quality traits to wheat quality, the correlation and principal components of main quality traits were analyzed comprehensively in 219 wheat cultivars. According to the National Grain Quality Testing standards, several quality traits of wheat were tested by farinograph and near infrared grain analyzer. The results showed that: the test weight and max resistance had larger variation range, while the wet gluten and water absorption displayed lower variation range. The variation coefficient of stability time was the highest (up to 41.85%). The test weight showed extremely significant negative correlation with grain hardness, protein and wet gluten. The correlation coefficient between water absorption and ductility was highest. Excluding from test weight, sedimentation value had an extremely significant positive correlation with other quality traits. Protein and wet gluten content exhibited significant negative correlation with test weight. Water absorption showed extremely significant positive correlation with extensibility area and max resistance, but extremely significant negative correlation with stability time. Stability time showed an extremely significant positive correlation with extensibility area, ductility and max resistance. Extensibility displayed extremely significant positive correlation with ductility and max resistance. By the principal component analysis, the wheat quality traits could be integrated into sedimentation, dough and test weight factors, with the total cumulative contribution rate reached to 93.54%, which basically reflects the comprehensive information of the quality traits in wheat. The results will provide theoretical basis and reference for the prediction of wheat processing quality and the breeding of wheat varieties with high quality.

  New Wheat Variety‘Jinqiang 7’: Effect of Planting Densities and Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels on Yield and Agronomic Characters 2019, 35 (21):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120022 Abstract + ( 521 )   PDF ( 1172KB )   ( 174 ) The aims are to popularizing the spring wheat variety‘Jinqiang 7’with high quality, strong gluten and high yield, and to provide technical support for the production of high-quality and strong-gluten wheat. The height, spike length, spikelet number, grain number per spike, 1000-seed weight, spike number and yield were detected under different N fertilizer proportions at jointing stage and heading stage. And then the optimum planting model of‘Jinqiang 7’was obtained. The results showed that the yield, the spike length and the spikelet number of‘Jinqiang 7’were relatively stable, and there was no significant change with different densities and N fertilizer applications. The plant height and spike number of‘Jinqiang 7’was affected by planting densities, while 1000- grain weight and grain number per spike were affected by both planting densities and N fertilizer application mode. 1000- grain weight and grain number per spike increased significantly under low planting density. Under N fertilizer of 75 kg/hm2 at jointing stage, and 150 kg/hm2 at heading stage, the height of‘Jinqiang 7’was lower than that in other treatments. The planting density of 4.5 million seedlings/hm2 and N fertilizer of 150 kg/hm2 applied once at the jointing stage is the best cultivation model of‘Jinqiang 7’.

  Hilling of Belt Tillage with Furrow Planting: Effects on Lodging Resistance and Yield of Maize 许爱玲,,,,李永山 and 张建诚 2019, 35 (21):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010142 Abstract + ( 272 )   PDF ( 1084KB )   ( 107 ) The aim is to evaluate the effect of mechanical hilling on the lodging resistance, yield and yield structure of maize under the belt tillage with furrow planting (BTFP).‘Zhengdan658’was used as the material, according to random block arrangement, 6 treatments were set up according to the combination of tillage methods (normal tillage and BTFP) with hilling and chemical control. The ear height, internode character, stem strength and yield performance of different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that compared with the control, the ear height with hilling of BTFP at bell-mouth stage decreased by 16.49 cm, the tensile bending strength increased by 30.72% , the intensity of cross breaks increased by 28.50% , the 100- grain weight increased by 1.51 g, the kernels per ear increased by 64.09 grains, and the yield increased by 20.09% . Therefore, the mechanical hilling of BTFB at bell-mouth stage could not only improve lodging resistance but also increase the yield of maize.

  The Same Concentration of PEG: Effects on the Germination of Different Sugar Beet Seeds 2019, 35 (21):  24-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110105 Abstract + ( 508 )   PDF ( 1139KB )   ( 84 ) To research the effect of the same concentration of PEG- 6000 on different sugar beet seeds germination at 23℃, and lay the foundation for sugar beet seeds initiation, the 40% PEG-6000 was used to treat beet seeds of TD701(2017), TD703(2016), TD801(2015) and TD301(2014). The soaking time was 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index were measured. The results showed that TD701 (2017) and TD801 (2015) had better germination effect under 24 h treatment. TD701 (2017) and TD703 (2016) had better germination effect under 48 h treatment. TD701 (2017), TD703 (2016) and TD801 (2015) had better germination effect under 72 h treatment. The comprehensive comparison showed that the germination potential of TD801 (2015) was the highest under 40% PEG-6000 for 24 h. The germination rate of TD801 (2015) was the highest under 40% PEG-6000 for 24 h. The germination index of TD703 (2016) was the highest under 40% PEG-6000 for 48 h. The vigor index of TD703 (2016) was the highest under 40% PEG-6000 for 48 h. The results indicate that the germination effect of sugar beet seeds is affected by different treatment time and the different storage years.

  The Abundance-deficiency Indices of Soil Available P and Appropriate Phosphorus Application Rates for Wheat in China 2019, 35 (21):  30-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020083 Abstract + ( 449 )   PDF ( 1151KB )   ( 233 ) In this paper,researches on abundance-deficiency index(ADI) of soil available P for wheat (SAPFW) and appropriate phosphorus fertilizer application rate(APFAR) conducted in China were systematically summarized. The results showed that the ADI of SAPFW in China had improved obviously in 30 years. There were considerable differences in their ADI of SAPFW in different regions,and the ADI of soil Olsen-P for wheat for 90% relative yield(RY) of the complete nutrients treatment except phosphorus (TCNTEP) changed from <15 to > 35 mg/kg. Except the Huang-huai-hai plain, the Guanzhong irrigation area and the Hetao irrigation area, researches on ADI of SAPFW in China had many blank regions. Soil phosphorus deficiency for wheat in China were common,and the abundance-deficiency levels of SAPFW focused on level 2～4,and most RYs of TCNTEP were between 70%～100%. For research on ADI of soil nutrient,the number of trial sites should not be too little,and using extrapolating data for the high-end and low-end of ADI should be careful and indicated. APFAR and the abundance-deficiency level of SAPFW were linear negative correlation. APFAR and the yield goal of wheat were linear positive correlation. APFAR and the phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency in current season (PFUEICS) were linear negative correlation. When the PFUEICS was 20% and the target yield was 3～12 t/hm2,the APFAR for the SAPFW abundance-deficiency level 1-7 from high to low were 0～0,17～66,33～132,50～198,66～264,83～330 and 99～396 kg/hm2,respectively.

  Nitrogen Release of Oxamides in Soil and Its Effect on Sweet Potato Growth 2019, 35 (21):  38-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020070 Abstract + ( 403 )   PDF ( 1134KB )   ( 103 ) oxalamide as expensive slow-release nitrogen fertilizer is gradually known to us, in order to reduce the cost of oxalamide in agriculture application, oxamide mixed with urea is an effective way. The experiment was conducted to obtain optimal oxamide and urea ratio for increasing sweet potato yield in field. Urea and oxalamide are mixed with 5 treatments under the same input of N,P,K: 0:100%, 25%: 75%, 50%: 50%, 75%: 25%, 100%: 0, respectively. The results showed that the increase of oxalamide ratio accompanied with the increase of sweet potato yield, 0:100% trail had the highest yield of sweet potato. 100%: 0 trial had lowest yield of sweet potato. It was suggested that the use of oxalamide can promote sweetpotato yield. During the medium period of sweet potato growth, sweetpotato nitrogen demand was the highest. The soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content were high and could meet the demand for sweet potato nitrogen fertilizer under 0:100%, 25%: 75%, 50%: 50% trail during the medium period of sweet potato growth. Considering sweetpotato yield, 0:100% trial was the best for sweet potato production. Considering the cost , 50%: 50% trail was the best for sweet potato yield.

  Effects of Chemical Fertilizers Replaced by Organic Manure on Soil Fertility, Tea Yield and Quality in Machine-Picked Tea Garden 2019, 35 (21):  43-49.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010059 Abstract + ( 423 )   PDF ( 1296KB )   ( 104 ) [Objective] The author studied on the effects of different replacing chemical fertilizer replacing technologies with organic manure on Soil fertility, tea yield and quality in mechanically picking tea garden. [Method] Six treatments were set in this experiment: 1. Blank control (CK); 2. ConventionalSfertilization control (CF); 3. Replacing 25% nitrogenous fertilizer with organic manure (T1); 4. Replacing 25% nitrogenous fertilizer with organic manure + formula fertilizer (T2); 5. Replacing 25% nitrogenous fertilizer with organic manure + acidification improver (T3); 6. Replacing 25% nitrogenous fertilizer with organic manure + biomass charcoal (T4). [Result] Results showed that different chemical fertilizer replaced technologies with organic manure can control the acidification of tea garden soil, significantly increase soil organic matter content and soil available nutrients. Among them, 25% nitrogenous fertilizer replaced with organic manure + biomass charcoal showed the best effect on soil comprehensive nutrients. On increasing yield and quality, different technologies of chemical fertilizer replaced with organic manure significantly improved the yield and quality of the tea. Tea yield was the highest in the treatment of 25% nitrogenous fertilizer replaced with organic manure + biomass charcoal, reaching 746.28 Kg.hm-2. On tea quality, the content of extractions, tea-polyphenols and amino acids in treatments showed in the order of T4>T3>T2>T1>CF>CK, and the content of tea-polyphenols and amino acids in T4 treatment increased by 27.0% and 31.3%.

  The Effects of Reducing Irrigation and Chemical Fertilizers on Nitrogen Leaching in Open-air Black Soil Vegetable Filed 2019, 35 (21):  50-55.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010071 Abstract + ( 389 )   PDF ( 1327KB )   ( 180 ) To investigate the effects of reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers on nitrogen leaching in open-air black soil vegetable field, a study was conducted in a Chinese cabbage field. The yield and Nitrogen leaching characteristics under regular irrigation and chemical fertilizers treatment, 80% regular chemical fertilizers treatment (reducing chemical fertilizer treatment), 80% regular irrigation treatment (reducing irrigation treatment) and 80% regular chemical fertilizers and 80% regular irrigation treatment with straw buried deep (reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers with straw returning treatment) were analyzed. The results show that: nitrogen distribution of four treatments changed regularly with the increase of soil depth. Soil ammonium contents decreased with the increase of soil depth，and soil nitrate content in soil reached the lowest value in the 40-60cm soil layer and then slowly increased. Compared with regular irrigation and chemical fertilizers treatment, both reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers with straw returning treatment and reducing irrigation treatment significantly reduced nitrate and ammonium contents of in deeper soil (p<0.05), reducing the risk of nitrogen leaching. With the growth of Chinese cabbage, nitrate contents in the leachate of all treatments gradually increased, while ammonium contents gradually decreased. During each growth period of Chinese cabbage, compared with the regular irrigation and chemical fertilizers treatment, the other treatments significantly reduced nitrate and ammonium contents in the soil leachate (p<0.05), and reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers with straw returning has the best effect on reducing ammonium leaching. Compared with the regular irrigation and chemical fertilizer treatment, The yield of Chinese cabbage was significantly reduced by 1.98% (p<0.05) in the reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers with straw returning treatment, while reducing chemical fertilizers or irrigation did not significantly affect the yield. The reducing irrigation not only reduced ammonium and nitrate leaching in soil, but also had no significant impact on Chinese cabbage yield. We concluded that the reducing irrigation treatment was the best practice as it maximized economic benefits and minimized potential environmental non-point pollution. Keywords: reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers; open-air vegetable field black soil; nitrogen leaching; yield

  Profiles of Acanthopanax senticosus Planting Soil in Eastern Low Mountainous Areas of Heilongjiang: Description and Character Analysis 2019, 35 (21):  56-60.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010127 Abstract + ( 323 )   PDF ( 2144KB )   ( 101 ) Acanthopanax senticosus has been gathered intensively due to its high medicinal value, causing extreme damage to Acanthopanax senticosus resources. Exploring the suitable growth soil of Acanthopanax senticosus will provide a theoretical basis for its artificial domestication. In this paper, the soil which had been planted with Acanthopanax senticosus in Qitaihe City for many years, was taken as the research object. The chemical properties of soil profile of typical soil where Acanthopanax senticosus grew were determined by chemical analysis methods. The results showed that the particle composition of soil which was suitable for Acanthopanax senticosus to grow was mainly composed of more than 60% of sand, followed by more than 20% of powder, and the porosity was high. The surface layer was mostly granular structure, and the deep layer was mostly massive structure. The soil temperature was between 0℃ and 8℃ and the soil water content was between 40% and 60%. The organic matter content in the surface layer of the soil was relatively high, which was 46.51-58.83 g/kg, accounting for 50.0%-59.6% of the organic matter content in the whole soil profile. The total nitrogen content in the surface layer was relatively high, which was 2.18-2.51 g/kg, accounting for 35.1%-36.5% of the total nitrogen content in the whole profile. The characteristics of vertical profile was that the organic matter content showed a dramatic drop with the increase of soil depth, and the total nitrogen content also decreased with the increase of soil depth. However, the total phosphorus content in the surface layer of the soil was relatively low between 0.21 and 0.44 g/kg, and the total phosphorus content in the surface layer accounted for 42.0%-49.4% of the whole profile. The pH value of the soil was between 5.75 and 5.97, which was weakly acidic to neutral. The total phosphorus content and pH did not show obvious vertical variation. Acanthopanax senticosus is adapted to the growth of loose soil texture, mostly sandy loam soil, cold temperature condition, wet moisture condition, and fertile soil. The soil organic matter content and total nitrogen content of surface soil are high, and the soil is weakly acidic to neutral.

  Advances on Chilling Requirement of Peach 2019, 35 (21):  61-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030114 Abstract + ( 299 )   PDF ( 1101KB )   ( 256 ) To figure out the potential bottlenecks in terms of the peach production in subtropical area, a comprehensive summary on the research of chilling requirement of peach has been made here. The concept of chilling requirement was elaborated with details, while comparisons of the application effect were made among several chilling requirement calculation models on peach, and the research progress relevant to the chilling requirement of peach was reported from both the physiological and molecular aspects. Accordingly, a final conclusion was found that the two genes of PpDAM5 and PpDAM6 were most likely tied to the differences of peach varieties with different chilling requirements, which could be further utilized to screen peach varieties for chilling requirement breeding in the future.

  Community Structure and Species Diversity near the Forestline of Different Altitudes in Shunhuang Mountain, Hunan 2019, 35 (21):  66-69.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120076 Abstract + ( 335 )   PDF ( 1185KB )   ( 117 ) The paper aims to study the community structure and species diversity of near the forestline of different altitudes in Shunhuang mountain, Hunan. The author established 5 forestlines, every 300 m, from altitude of 683- 1883 m, and on the basis of sampling investigation, analyzed the species composition, community structure properties and diversity index near the forestline. The results showed that: (1) there were 28 species of plants belonging to 17 families and 19 genera in 5 altitude sampling plots near the forestline; (2) in general, community structure had an increasing trend; (3) with the increase of the altitude, Shannon index, Alatalo index had the“n”curve regulation, Simpson index had the“U”curve regulation and Cody index significantly decreased (P＜0.05); Jaccard index of altitude from 1583 m to 1883 m was significantly higher than that of altitude from 683 m to 1283 m (P＜0.05).

  Chili Seedling Substrates with Pig-breeding Litters from a Microbial Fermentation Bed 2019, 35 (21):  70-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030033 Abstract + ( 304 )   PDF ( 1236KB )   ( 110 ) The paper aims to screen the best formula of the chili seedling substrates. The chili seedling substrates were prepared by mixing the pig-breeding litters from a microbial fermentation bed with coconut coirs, cottonseed hulls, wheat brans, and peats, respectively; subsequently, the water extracts of these substrates were separately detected their effects on chili seed germination and seedling growth to screen the suitable raw materials; finally, the plug-seedling tests were performed to determine the best formula of the chili seedling substrates. The results indicated that: the best raw material was coconut coir and its germination rate could reach up to 85%, and slightly better than contrast (P<0.05); the best substrate formula was litter: coconut coir=3:7 (V/V); the emergence rate and survivor rate could reach up to 95.33% and 88.46%, moreover, the seedling height, root length, leaf number, the stem diameter, fresh weight of whole plant/underground par/ aboveground part were all significantly higher than controls and other treatment groups (P<0.05).

  Abscisic Acid Receptor Structure and Function and Signaling Pathway: Research Advances 2019, 35 (21):  75-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010079 Abstract + ( 720 )   PDF ( 2266KB )   ( 1300 ) Plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) can regulate plant growth and development and response to various biotic and abiotic stresses such as pathogens, drought, high salinity and low temperature. Evolution research indicated that no ABA receptor gene appeared in aquatic plants but emerged in the first landing non-vascular plant group bryophytes. ABA receptor is the upstream signal regulator of ABA pathway, which can recognize ABA ligand and initiate signal transduction. This paper summarizes the recent research progress of ABA signaling pathway, including ABA transport and recognition, ABA receptor structure and function diversity, and the molecular network mechanism of the core signaling in ABA responses. This review could supply potential references for crop breeding on improving yield and quality by modifying the core ABA signaling pathway and ABA transport system.

  Evolution and Development of Plant Xylem: A Research Summary 2019, 35 (21):  82-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020088 Abstract + ( 602 )   PDF ( 1234KB )   ( 178 ) The paper aims to have a comprehensive understanding of the evolution process and biological mechanism about the development of plant xylem. It reviews research progresses on evolution and development of xylem over the past 50 years, indicates that: xylem water- conduction cells are evolved from simple to complex, and the process of xylem development involves the regulation of factors, such as plant hormones, transcription factors, cellulose-synthesizing enzymes, microtubule and microtubule binding proteins. However, molecular mechanism of secondary cell wall deposition of different types of tracheary elements in the xylem is still unclear, which will be the focus of research on plant xylem evolution and development.

  Carbon Monoxide: Effect on Growth and Triterpene Accumulation of Phellinus linteus Mycelium 2019, 35 (21):  90-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020048 Abstract + ( 352 )   PDF ( 1406KB )   ( 188 ) The study aims to explore the effect of carbon monoxide (CO) on the growth of Phellinus linteus mycelium and the accumulation of triterpene. As the donor of carbon monoxide, hemin was added in the Phellinus mycelium culture, then, different methods such as pH instrument, TDS, colorimetry, HPLC were used to analyze the pH value, conductivity, H2O2, O2- , antioxidant enzyme activity and content of triterpene. The results showed that: the change of pH value was not obvious under the influence of CO; only the treatment with 30 μmol/L hemin for 1-8 days had the best inducing effect on the conductivity and accumulation of H2O2, HPLC, O2-, which declined in other concentrations; conversely, antioxidant enzyme activities were reduced in the 30 μmol/L CO treatment, and were increased in other concentrations; triterpene and betulin were decreased only in 30 μmol/L CO treatment, and were increased in other concentrations; the triterpene had the largest growth rate on the fourth day with 10 μmol/L CO, increased by 29.63% compared with CK in the same period; and the betulin had the largest growth rate on the first day with 20 μmol/L CO, increased by 30.96% compared with CK in the same period. Obviously, low concentration of CO treatment has no damage to Phellinus mycelium, and improves its bio- accumulation, but the biological effect still needs to be verified by many materials.

  Cloning and Bioinformatical Analysis of α-acetolactate Decarboxylase Gene (alsD) in Bacillus subtilis 2019, 35 (21):  96-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020058 Abstract + ( 454 )   PDF ( 1849KB )   ( 92 ) α-acetolactate decarboxylase is one of the key enzymes in 2,3-butanediol biosynthesis pathway, and the alsD gene is analyzed by bioinformatics method. Primers are designed based on the gene sequence of α- acetolactate decarboxylase gene (alsD) in GenBank. Bacillus subtilis CICC10026 gene fragment alsD is amplified by PCR which the template is Bacillus subtilis CICC10026 genomic DNA. The fragment is sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatics software for homology analysis, secondary structure and functional analysis and 3D structure prediction. The results showed that the obtained alsD fragment was 768 bp without base mutation, and the fragment was the alsD gene sequence of Bacillus subtilis CICC10026. The results of this study lay a foundation for the construction of engineering strains which could produce 2,3-butanediol.

  Bacillus megaterium Strain ZX001: Isolation and Identification and Its Relationship with Konjac Soft Rot Disease 王红莹,李刚,史银连 and 2019, 35 (21):  103-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010086 Abstract + ( 453 )   PDF ( 1763KB )   ( 73 ) The paper aims to study the soil microorganism associated with konjac soft rot disease. A dominant strain named ZX001 was isolated from the recesses of rotten corm of Amorphophallus Konjac infected with soft rot disease. We compared the 16S rDNA sequence of the strain with gene sequences in the NCBI database. The results showed that: the gene sequence was closely related to the Bacillus megaterium strain (99%); combined with the results of morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics, the ZX001 strain was preliminary identified as a Bacillus megaterium; subsequent experiments showed that ZX001 could not grown on the surface of konjac corm pericarp, but could grown on the sarcocarp of konjac corm, and had the ability to degrade and utilize konjac glucomannan. The results indicate that this strain is not a pathogenic bacterium of the konjac soft rot disease, but it might enter into konjac corm through the wound on the surface of pericarp, and may produce many enzymes to degrade konjac corm sarcocarp, so as to aggravate the decay of konjac corm, and increase the chance of soft rot disease.

  Three Kits on Extracting Cut Tobacco DNA and Their Analysis Effect on Microbial Community Diversity 2019, 35 (21):  110-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010133 Abstract + ( 440 )   PDF ( 4537KB )   ( 97 ) Abstract: The paper aims to select a kit that efficiently extracted cut tobacco DNA and obtained a higher diversity of the microbial community. The cut tobacco DNAs were extracted by using three different kits, and these extracted DNAs were used for amplicon high-throughput sequencing of the prokaryotic 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region and the fungal ITS2 region. We compared their purities and concentrations and their microbial community diversity and structures. The results showed that: (1) the concentration of cut tobacco DNA from DNeasy? PowerPlant? Pro Kit (P) was (103.67±1.7) ng/μL significantly higher than those of other kits (P<0.01), and these DNA purities from three different kits reached the qualified level. (2) All DNA samples extracted by using the three different kits could reflect the prokaryotic community diversity and structures. At the phylum level, the kit P detected 11 phyla, E.Z.N.A.TM HP Plant Kit (M) detected 8 phyla, and DNeasy? PowerSoil? Kit (S) detected 5 phyla. And at the genus level, 83 genera were detected by using the kit P, 71 genera were detected by using the kit S, and 69 genera were detected by using the kit M. (3) These three kits could detect four phyla of fungi such as Unclassified group, Ascomycota, Zygomycota and Others, but the kit P detected the highest diversity of microbial community at the phylum level. And at the genus level of fungi, 30 genera were detected by using the kit P, 20 genera were detected by using the kit S, and 11 genera detected by using the kit M. DNeasy? PowerPlant? Pro Kit (P) can effectively extract the total DNAs of microbes in cut tobacco and cut tobacco, and it can detect more microbial community diversity. So the kit P is recommended for the analysis of tobacco microbial community diversity and structure.

  Genome-wide Identification and Expression Analysis of MLO Gene Family in Capsicum annuum 2019, 35 (21):  118-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020087 Abstract + ( 424 )   PDF ( 2295KB )   ( 250 ) MLO gene is a special kind of negative control factor of disease resistance in plants. The gene mutation causes broad-spectrum resistance of plants. Using bioinformatics, 17 candidate MLO gene sequences were identified in the pepper genome. The range of molecular weight is 187~593kDa, and the range of isoelectric point is 6.65~9.7. Structural analysis showed that the MLO gene of pepper had more introns and had great difference. It was found that the MLO gene of pepper had 20 motifs, and the distribution of the motifs was uniform and the order of arrangement was consistent. Evolutionary analysis showed that the MLO genes of monocotyledon and dicotyledonum were different in evolution, and the closest relationship with capsicum was tomato in the Solanaceae. The expression analysis showed that the MLO genes of Capsicum had a specific expression. The expression of Capana01g003047 was significantly up-regulated by abscisic acid. Capana05g002411 was resistant to abscisic acid and epidemic disease, and was up-regulated under their induction. Capana08g000223 was also up-regulated under the stress of epidemic disease.

  Optimization of Tomato Regeneration System and Genetic Transformation of ProDH Interference Vectors 2019, 35 (21):  125-131.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050094 Abstract + ( 449 )   PDF ( 2131KB )   ( 138 ) To optimize the tomato regeneration system and screen out the optimal one, and at the same time, the ProDH interfering expression vector was genetically transformed to tomato, and regenerated plants were obtain by antibiotics screening. The test materials were hypocotyls and cotyledons of tomato variety‘Naiyun 2000? and‘O-33-1?, the basic medium was MS which respectively contained 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 mg/L IAA. The appropriate concentration combinations were selected. The results showed that the optimal callus culture medium was MS + 2 mg/L 6-BA + 0.2 mg/L IAA, and the optimal differentiation medium was MS + 2.0 mg/L 6-BA + 0.1 mg/L IAA. The optimal rooting medium was MS + 0.2 mg/L IAA; in the optimum medium, the emergence rate, differentiation rate and rooting rate of cotyledon were higher than that of hypocotyls by 25%, 42% and 20% respectively, so the cotyledon was appropriate for explants. Meanwhile, there was also a difference between the two varieties, and‘O-33-1? had a higher regeneration rate than that of ‘Naiyun2000?. Using the optimized regeneration system, the ProDH interference expression vector was genetically transformed to‘O-33-1? to obtain resistant plants.

  The Anesthetic Effect of MS-222 on Juvenile Barbuscapito 2019, 35 (21):  132-136.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040020 Abstract + ( 332 )   PDF ( 1235KB )   ( 95 ) This study aims to investigate the anesthetic effect of MS- 222(Tric-ainemethanesulphonate) on juvenile Barbuscapito. At the temperature of (26±0.5)℃, the anesthetic effects of different concentrations of MS- 222 on juvenile Barbuscapito are observed, including behavior changes during anesthesia and resuscitation, and changes of respiratory frequency during anesthesia. At the same time, the effects of different air exposure times on recovery time and recovery rate of anesthetized juveniles are observed. The test results showed that the anesthetic process of juveniles of Barbuscapito was divided into 6 stages and the recovery process was divided into 4 stages. The effective anesthetic concentration of MS-222 for juvenile Barbuscapito was 120-160 mg/L. With the increase of anesthetic time and concentration, the respiratory rate of juvenile Barbuscapito showed a decreasing trend overall. For juvenile fish entering the 5th anesthetizing stage, when the air exposure time was within 4 min, the recovery time decreased with the increase of the air exposure time; when the exposure time was more than 6 min, the recovery time increased with the exposure time; none of the experiment fish died when exposed within 10 minutes. Experiments prove that MS-222 has good anesthetic effect on juvenile Barbuscapito.

  Different Diets Feeding: Effect on Nutritional Quality of Takifugu flavidus 2019, 35 (21):  137-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020094 Abstract + ( 395 )   PDF ( 1206KB )   ( 95 ) The paper aims to understand the effect of feeding of 3 diets of mysid shrimp (A), miscellaneous fishes (B) and clam meat (C) on muscle nutritional quality of Takifugu flavidus. The authors detected and analyzed the nutrient composition and the content of some amino acid in the muscle of 3 groups of Takifugu flavidus by using conventional biochemical method. The results showed that: the water and coarse ash content in the muscle of the 3 groups of Takifugu flavidus had difference with no significance (P＞0.05), while crude fat had significant difference (P＜0.05); among the three groups, EAA content in muscles was: group C＞group B＞group A, and had significant difference (P＜0.05) among the groups; DAA content in muscles was: group C (6.17%)＞group B (6.09%)＞group A (6.06%), and had significant difference (P＜0.05) between group A and C, but no significant difference with group B (P>0.05); EAAI index was group C＞group B＞group A, and the EAAI in group C was 1.26 times as that in group A. These results indicate that group C in terms of nutrition, taste and quality is better than group B, and group B is better than group A.

  Eriocheir sinensis: Enrichment Effect of Heavy Metal Cadmium in Different Edible Parts 2019, 35 (21):  141-147.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010110 Abstract + ( 346 )   PDF ( 1317KB )   ( 109 ) The aquaculture ecosystem was constructed under laboratory simulation conditions, and four cadmium exposure concentrations (0, 5, 50, and 100 μg?L?1) were set to investigate the differences of enrichment and residue effects of cadmium in different edible parts (gonad, body meat and leg meat) of Eriocheir sinensis. The results showed that: 1 The residual value of cadmium in Eriocheir sinensis was gonad > body meat > leg meat, and the proportion of gonads was more than 85%. 2 The residual amount of cadmium in each edible part increased with exposure time, and it was positively correlated with the concentration of cadmium in the water environment. In the same edible part, the enrichment coefficient of low, medium and high concentration groups was negatively correlated with the cadmium concentration in the water environment; under the same concentration group, the enrichment coefficients of different edible parts were gonads > body meat > leg meat. 3 The residues of cadmium in Eriocheir sinensis may be have gender differences. The results systematically revealed the differences of cadmium enrichment in different edible parts of Eriocheir sinensis in water environment, and provide a theoretical basis for the distribution, enrichment and migration of cadmium in Eriocheir sinensis, and provide a scientific basis for the safe breeding and quality control.

  Comparison of Seven Metallic Elements in Shell from Two Shell Color Strains of Bellamya purificata 2019, 35 (21):  148-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020097 Abstract + ( 387 )   PDF ( 1139KB )   ( 178 ) Seven metallic elements in shell from two shells color strains (purple and cyan) of B. purificata are analyzed by ICP-MS. The results showed that the content of Fe in purple shell was higher than that in cyan shell significantly, while the contents of K, Mg, Mn in cyan shell were higher than that in purple shell. The contents of Na, Sr, Zn had no difference in these two kinds of shells. The content of Fe had negative correlations with the content of K, Mg, Mn in the two color shells and it had no obvious correlation with Sr and Zn, and there were significantly positive correlations between the contents of K, Mg, Mn and Na.

  Factors Influencing Fishermen’s Decision to Buy Fishery Insurance: An Empirical Analysis 孙跃,苟露峰 and 杨思维 2019, 35 (21):  152-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18120117 Abstract + ( 445 )   PDF ( 1343KB )   ( 155 ) Fishery insurance can help fishermen effectively circumvents the risk of production and reduces their losses. Based on the survey data of the fishermen, we used the Logistic regression model to make an empirical analysis about the factors that affect the fishermen’s participating in the decision of the fishery insurance. The empirical results showed that the fishermen’s age, breeding area, fisheries, fishermen’s training situation, the degree of understanding of fishery insurance, the judgment about the importance of fishery insurance, fishery disaster loss rate and the design of the fishery insurance product had a significant positive influence on the demand of the fishery insurance. Thus we put forward the suggestions about the development of the fishery insurance.

  Pyraclostrobin: Control Efficacy Against Fusarium Head Blight and Its Residue in Wheat Grain 2019, 35 (21):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18020073 Abstract + ( 742 )   PDF ( 1251KB )   ( 94 ) In order to clarify the feasibility and safety of using pyraclostrobin against Fusarium head blight, the indoor toxicity test, field control efficacy test and residual detection were carried. The results showed that: except for the toxicity of pyraclostrobin against mycelial growth were lower than carbendazim in Shandong province, pyraclostrobin against conidial germination in Shandong and Anhui province and against mycelial growth in Anhui province were all higher than carbendazim. The control efficacy of pyraclostrobin aganist Fusarium head blight was above 78.33% both in Shandong and Anhui province, and the control efficacy of pyraclostrobin was higher than carbendazim in Anhui province. The yield of wheat treated with pyraclostrobin at 150 g a.i..hm-2 and 225 g a.i..hm-2 were all above 0.69 kg.m-2 and were higher than carbendazim. The pyraclostrobin residue quantity in harvested wheat grain was 0.0310~0.0647 mg.kg-1, less than 0.2 mg.kg-1 formulated by the Codex Alimentarius Commission. The half-life of pyraclostrobin in wheat plants was shorter than 11.3 days in Shandong and Anhui province, and the half-life in soil was shorter than 9.9 d, which was easy to degrade. So pyraclostrobin can be used to effectively control fusarium head blight, meanwhile be safe for the human body.