The Effects of Reducing Irrigation and Chemical Fertilizers on Nitrogen Leaching in Open-air Black Soil Vegetable Filed

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010071

Abstract

Abstract: To investigate the effects of reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers on nitrogen leaching in open-air black soil vegetable field, a study was conducted in a Chinese cabbage field. The yield and Nitrogen leaching characteristics under regular irrigation and chemical fertilizers treatment, 80% regular chemical fertilizers treatment (reducing chemical fertilizer treatment), 80% regular irrigation treatment (reducing irrigation treatment) and 80% regular chemical fertilizers and 80% regular irrigation treatment with straw buried deep (reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers with straw returning treatment) were analyzed. The results show that: nitrogen distribution of four treatments changed regularly with the increase of soil depth. Soil ammonium contents decreased with the increase of soil depth，and soil nitrate content in soil reached the lowest value in the 40-60cm soil layer and then slowly increased. Compared with regular irrigation and chemical fertilizers treatment, both reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers with straw returning treatment and reducing irrigation treatment significantly reduced nitrate and ammonium contents of in deeper soil (p<0.05), reducing the risk of nitrogen leaching. With the growth of Chinese cabbage, nitrate contents in the leachate of all treatments gradually increased, while ammonium contents gradually decreased. During each growth period of Chinese cabbage, compared with the regular irrigation and chemical fertilizers treatment, the other treatments significantly reduced nitrate and ammonium contents in the soil leachate (p<0.05), and reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers with straw returning has the best effect on reducing ammonium leaching. Compared with the regular irrigation and chemical fertilizer treatment, The yield of Chinese cabbage was significantly reduced by 1.98% (p<0.05) in the reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers with straw returning treatment, while reducing chemical fertilizers or irrigation did not significantly affect the yield. The reducing irrigation not only reduced ammonium and nitrate leaching in soil, but also had no significant impact on Chinese cabbage yield. We concluded that the reducing irrigation treatment was the best practice as it maximized economic benefits and minimized potential environmental non-point pollution. Keywords: reducing irrigation and chemical fertilizers; open-air vegetable field black soil; nitrogen leaching; yield

References

[1]吴雪玲,左强,建新,等保护地菜田土壤氮素淋溶阻控措施及其效果研究[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(3):59-62.
[2]刘祖贵,段爱旺,吴海卿,等.水肥调配施用对温室滴灌番茄产量及水分利用效率的影响[J].中国农村水利水电, 2003(1):11-12.
[3]杨青林,桑利民,孙吉茹,等.我国肥料利用现状及提高化肥利用率的方法[J].山西农业科学,2011,39(07):690-692.
[4]习斌,翟丽梅,刘申,等.有机无机肥配施对玉米产量及土壤氮磷淋溶的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2015,21(2):332-333.
[5]唐珧,李丽君,刘平,等.减肥减水对温室黄瓜养分吸收、产量及土壤质量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2018(01):77-82.
[6]张学科,李惠霞,张倓,等.滴灌条件下水氮减量对番茄氮素利用效率的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(03):45-50.
[7]赵付江,赵巍,谢松青,等.不同灌溉方式对茄子生长水分利用和土壤硝态氮淋溶的影响[J]河北农业科学,2018,22(03):20-22,41.
[8]Li,S., Ba?uelos,et al, 2015. E?ect of continuous application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer on selenium concentration in vegetables grown in the Taihu Lake region of China. Plant Soil 393, 351–360.
[9]Min, J., Zhang,et al, 2012. Optimizing nitrogen input to reduce nitrate leaching loss in greenhouse vegetable production. Agric. Water Manage. 111, 53–59.
[10]Fan, Z., Lin, et al, 2014. Conventional ?ooding irrigation causes an overuse of nitrogen fertilizer and low nitrogen use e?ciency in intensively used solar greenhouse vegetable production. Agric. Water Manage. 144, 11–19.
[11]Jamali, H., Quayle,et al,2015. Reducing nitrous oxide emissions and nitrogen leaching losses from irrigated arable cropping in Australia through optimized irrigation scheduling. Agric. For. Meteorol. 208, 32–39.
[12]Woli, P., Hoogenboom,et al,2016. Simulation of potato yield, nitrate leaching, and pro?t margins as in?uenced by irrigation and nitrogen management in di?erent soils and production regions. Agric. Water Manage. 171, 120–130.
[13]鲁如坤.土壤农业化学分析方法[M]．北京:中国农业科技出版社,1999:146－259.
[14]马少帅,蒋静,马娟娟,等.灌水量和施肥量对盐碱土氮素分布和玉米产量的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(16):63-67.
[15]张锦源,徐欣,陈一民,等.减水和减施化肥对设施黑土菜田茄子产量及水分利用率的影响[J].土壤与作物,2018,(04) 374-379.
[16]骆晓声,李艳芬,寇长林,等.减量施肥对河南省典型设施菜田硝态氮和总磷淋溶量的影响[J].河南农业科学,2018,47(11):61-65.
[17]徐泰平,朱波,汪涛,等.秸秆还田对紫色土坡耕地养分流失的影响[J].水土保持学报,2006(01):30-32,36.
[18]刘义国,刘永红,刘洪军,等.秸秆还田量对土壤理化性状及小麦产量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(03):131-135.
[19]李长林.白菜的需肥规律和施肥方法[J].吉林农业,1995(09):12.
[20]卜玉涛,毛昆明,张发明.土壤氮素淋失研究进展[J].现代农业科技,2010(16):285,291.
[21]王智琦,马忠明,张立勤.水肥耦合对作物生长的影响研究综述[J].甘肃农业科技,2011(05):44-48.
[22]刘卉,周清明,黎娟.秸秆还田对土壤改良及作物生长影响的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(32):53-57.
[23]王文明.秸秆还田的利弊浅析[J].南方农业,2017,11(34):103-105.