Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.22 Published:13 August 2019

  Fertilization Method and Nitrogen Rate Affect Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Machine-transplanted Rice in West Sichuan Plain 2019, 35 (22):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030039 Abstract + ( 501 )   PDF ( 1127KB )   ( 138 ) In order to investigate the effects of fertilization method and nitrogen rate on yield formation and nitrogen utilization of machine-transplanted rice in West Sichuan Plain Area, ‘Tianyouhuazhan’ was planted in a split-plot field experiment, which was conducted with two fertilization methods (surface broadcasted manually, mechanical side deep fertilization) as the main factor and two nitrogen rates (180 kg/hm2 and 144 kg/hm2, denoted by N180 and N144, respectively) as the subplot factor, and dry matter accumulation at full heading and maturity stages, yield and yield components were measured among the treatments. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer mechanically applied significantly increased the grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of machine-transplanted rice in West Sichuan Plain Area. Compared with surface broadcasted manually, mechanical side deep fertilization increased the effective panicle by 0.39%, the grain number per panicle by 6.60%, the grain yield by 4.97%, the nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity by 4.79%, and the nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization efficiency by 18.54%, respectively. In mechanical side deep fertilization treatments, compared with N144, N180 produced the higher dry matter accumulation, effective panicle and grain yield. Compared with that 144 kg N/hm2 mechanical side deep fertilization, 180 kg N/hm2 surface broadcasted manually only increased grain yield by 2.87%. Hence, Mechanical side deep fertilization technology not only reduces the fertilization cost, but also stabilizes the yield, which is worth popularizing and applying in a larger area.

  Fertilization and Gibberellin“920”: Effect on Glume Dehiscence in Rice Seeds 2019, 35 (22):  6-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030068 Abstract + ( 685 )   PDF ( 1065KB )   ( 229 ) The paper aims to explore the influence of fertilizing and gibberellin 920 on glume dehiscence. The parents of rice variety Jing you 127 were chosen as tested materials. The experimental treatments included topdressing, spraying foliar fertilizer and spraying gibberellin 920. It was found that the proper decreasing of N fertilizer or proper increasing of P K fertilizer at booting stage significantly brought down the risk of glume dehiscence. The effect of increasing of P K fertilizer was more significant than decreasing of N fertilizer. Both measures of spraying boric or K fertilizer at rupturing stage significantly decreased the risk of glume dehiscence. The effect of boric fertilizer was better than K fertilizer. In addition, the effect of both boric and K fertilizer application together was much better. Early or later gibberellin 920 spraying increased the rate of glume dehiscence. The influence of early spraying was more obvious. It was an ideal selection for Jing you 127 to spray 300g gibberellin 920 per hectare when 20 percent panicles were in heading.

  Effects of Spraying Gibberellin on Controlling Tillers of Sweet Sorghum 2019, 35 (22):  10-13.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030067 Abstract + ( 459 )   PDF ( 1011KB )   ( 113 ) To study the effects of spraying gibberellin on tillers and lodging of sweet sorghum.Cultivar sweet sorghum Jintianza3 was used as material, spraying gibberellin solvent of 50mg/L、100 mg/L、150 mg/l、200 mg/l、250 mg/l、300 mg/l、400 mg/l、500 mg/l、750 mg/l、1000 mg/l at 5 periods of 2-6 leaf stage respectively and the water was used as negative control.Results showed that the average tiller number of sweet sorghum was effectively decrease after spraying gibberellin, and reached the lowest level at 6 leaf stage in different treatment periods. The minimum tiller number lowered by 32.2%、30.6%、25.8%、43.5%、89.5% respectively comparing with the control at five periods，and the optimum concentration of gibberellin solvent was between 250-300 mg/L. Correlation analysis revealed that tiller number at seedling stage was significantly positive correlation with lodging rate, and was very significant positive correlation with the yield. The yield significantly increased after spraying gibberellin, and increasing effect of yield was weaker with the effect of controlling tillers, but it couldn’t cause yield reduction. Therefore, the optimum effects on controlling tillers was showed at 6 leaf stage with concentration of 250-300 mg/l, that could increase lodging resistance and keep the yield stable.

  Drought Affects Quality and Yield of Spring Soybean at Drum-filling Stage 2019, 35 (22):  14-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030007 Abstract + ( 706 )   PDF ( 1140KB )   ( 133 ) To provide references for rational irrigation on soybean at later growth stage, eight spring soybean varieties were used as materials in the experiment from 2016 to 2017. After harvesting, protein and fat content were measured by Foss 1241, and the yield was calculated to explore the effect of drought at grain filling stage on quality and yield of spring soybean. The results showed that under drought condition at grain filling stage, the protein content of‘Heinong 37’decreased most obviously, while that of‘Hefeng 46’changed least; the fat content of‘Heinong 61’had the most obvious increase, and the fat content of‘Suinong 29’had the least increase; 100- grain weight of‘Heinong 65’had the most obvious decrease and that of‘Heinong 45’ decreased the least;‘Heinong 65’had the greatest reduction in yield, while‘Heinong 44’,‘Heinong 37’and ‘Heinong 45’had the smallest decrease in yield. The experiment indicats that drought at grain filling stage could decrease protein content and 100-grain weight, increase fat content, and decrease yield obviously.

  Fertilizer Efficiency of Different Potash Fertilizer Amounts in Rapeseed Production 2019, 35 (22):  19-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030051 Abstract + ( 499 )   PDF ( 1068KB )   ( 280 ) Based on the suitable application of nitrogen, phosphorus and boron fertilizer,Different amounts of potash fertilizer were tested for 3 consecutive years, and the yield structure, seed yield, economic benefit, utilization rate of potash fertilizer and soil nutrient content of rape were analyzed. The results showed that potassium fertilizer could promote the growth and development of rapeseed under the combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and boron fertilizer, and significantly increased the number of kernels per plant, kernels per kernels and 1000-grain weight. The yield and benefit were the highest when potassium fertilizer was applied at 90kg/hm2, with an increase of 26% and a yield to investment ratio of 4.73. Increasing k fertilizer had a significant effect on the utilization rate of rapeseed.The apparent utilization rate and partial productivity of potash fertilizer decrease with the increase of potash fertilizer consumption, The physiological utilization rate of potassium fertilizer increases with the increase of potassium fertilizer dosage and the agronomic utilization rate of potash fertilizer increased first and then decreased with the increase of potash fertilizer consumption. The amplification ranges are respectively 30.1-66.84%, 8.95-20.09 kg/kg, 3.97-6.59 kg/kg and 21.02-55.3kg/kg.The content of available potassium in soil could be improved obviously and the contents of total nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil were also promoted. by adding k fertilizer.Based on the above results, the applied amount of potassium fertilizer in rapeseed production was 90 kg /hm2.

  Initiator Combinations Based on Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate: Effect on Sugar Beet Seeds 2019, 35 (22):  25-30.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18110113 Abstract + ( 579 )   PDF ( 1095KB )   ( 104 ) In order to research the effects of different initiatior combinations on the germination of sugar beet seeds, the study provided a basis for the screening of seed initiators. In this study, the sugar beet seed ''TD305'' was used as the test material, different initiator combinations and different concentrations were treated as the initiators of beet seed, and the germination potential, germination rate, germination index, and vigor index were measured. The results showed that 0.2% boric acid +0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% boric acid +0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate were beneficial to the germination of sugar beet seed, 0.8% boric acid+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate had inhibitory effect on the germination of beet seed when the treatment time was 48h. The initiation effect of 0.2%Zinc sulfate+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate was the best. The initiation effect of 0.2% manganese sulfate+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.5% manganese sulfate+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate were better than that 0.1% manganese sulfate+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The analysis of different combinations showed that the combination with the highest germination potential was 0.5% manganese sulfate+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and the combination with the highest germination rate, germination index and vigor index was 0.2% zinc sulfate+0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of 0.8% boric acid + 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate were the lowest.

  Sun-cured Tobacco Germplasm Resources: Introduction and Identification Evaluation 2019, 35 (22):  31-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030086 Abstract + ( 369 )   PDF ( 1121KB )   ( 240 ) The paper aims to breed new varieties of sun-cured tobacco with high quality, disease resistance and high yield. We introduced 20 germplasm resources of sun-cured tobacco in Heilongjiang, and through the comparison and identification of their genetic diversity and disease resistance, we selected the suitable parent material for the local area. The results showed that: 7 germplasm resources were screened as the parent materials for breeding new varieties, ncluding‘Qinggeng’, ‘Qishishaiyan’, ‘Huangyan-1’, ‘Huangyan-2’, ‘Gaochanyan- 1’,‘Baogaiyan- 1’,‘Nanxiongyan- 2’. 10 different quantitative traits were compared and analyzed, the Shannon- weaver index was between 4.1- 4.3, showing that the phenotypic traits of the 20 germplasm resources had great genetic diversity. The excellent germplasm resources can enrich the local breeding materials, it is conducive to expand the genetic background and improve the breeding efficiency.

  Straw Returning and Its Effective Returning Method: Research Progress 2019, 35 (22):  38-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050121 Abstract + ( 690 )   PDF ( 895KB )   ( 823 ) Recently, the direct return of crop straw increased rapidly with the increasing application of combine. But the crop diseases and insect pests occurr and become increasingly serious. In addition, the phenomenon of burning crop straw still existed, and the work of bidding straw burning in spot is very hard. To finding the effective methods for straw returning, the significance and research status of straw returning was reviewed, and the advantages and disadvantages of different straw returning methods for the soil and the crop were discussed emphatically, which were based on the actual agricultural production and the correlated studies at home and abroad. Finally, this article put forward that the in-situ compost technology and application of a new type of combine machine would be effective methods for solving the problems in straw returning.

  Response Surface: Optimizing the Medium for Gliotoxin Produced by Trichoderma viride 韩立霞 and 刘海玉 2019, 35 (22):  42-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080086 Abstract + ( 417 )   PDF ( 1981KB )   ( 217 ) Response surface method was used to optimize the culture medium for gliotoxin production by Trichoderma viride. Evaluation of the effects of the 6 factors relating to the basic medium was carried out through Min Run Res IV design, which revealed the significant influence factors. Steepest ascent design(SAD) and central composite design(CCD) were applied to determine the midpoint and the optimal value respectively, and the optimized culture medium was obtained. Glucose, soymeal, KH2PO4 and ZnSO4 were the most significant influence factors screened by Min Run Res IV. Response surface analysis of the SAD and CCD indicated that the optimal culture medium was composed of 26.54 g/L glucose,10 g/L yeast powder,15.72 g/L soymeal, 0.452g/L KH2PO4, 0.0582g/L ZnSO4 and 0.1g/L FeSO4, which resulted in a 59.71% increase of the titer of gliotoxin compared with the original medium.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of Red Beet: Based on SSR and Indel Molecular Markers 2019, 35 (22):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020060 Abstract + ( 600 )   PDF ( 1159KB )   ( 162 ) The paper aim to understand the genetic diversity and evolutionary status of 21 varieties of red beet.Genetic diversity of 21 red beets was studied by InDel and SSR markers.The results showed that the molecular markers of InDel had 25 gene loci, 24 of which were polymorphic. The Shannon''s information index average was 0.583, the Nei''s gene diversity index average was 0.370, the allele K was 2~4, and the average was 2.4. The average observed heterozygosity was 0.235, the expected heterozygosity was 0.398, and the PIC of polymorphic information content was 0.330.The average values of Shannon''s information index were 0.926, the average values of Nei''s gene diversity index were 0.548, the average values of alleles K were 2~7, with an average of 4.625. The average observed heterozygosity was 0.399, the expected heterozygosity was 0.587, and the PIC value of polymorphic information content was 0.523.In this study, it was found that most red beets were closely related to each other. Therefore, when selecting new varieties, it is suggested to select the varieties with longer genetic distance as parents.

  Effect on Physiological Changes of Chrysanthemum Cut Flowers During Senescence with Antistaling Agent 2019, 35 (22):  53-59.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030047 Abstract + ( 378 )   PDF ( 1201KB )   ( 253 ) The fresh-keeping period and the related physiological indexes in the fresh-keeping process of cut flowers were measured with different fresh-keeping agent formulations using the chrysanthemum “Shenma”. The results showed that the florescence of cut flowers in No.2 preservative (deionized water + 0.03% aspirin +30g/L sucrose) extended to 30 days.Different preservatives had different changes in physiological indexes of leaves and petals during the fresh-keeping process. The soluble sugar content in leaves and petals was higher, the soluble protein and SOD had the same change trend, and the trend of malondialdehyde content was unstable, while the POD isozyme content in leaves and petals had the opposite change trend.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the selection of preservatives in the process of chrysanthemum cutting,and provide a theoretical basis for the long and short distance transportation of chrysanthemum cut flowers.

  Photosynthetic Characteristics of Paeonia ludlowii Variant Material in Lhasa 2019, 35 (22):  60-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030071 Abstract + ( 333 )   PDF ( 1447KB )   ( 103 ) The aim is to investigate whether the variation petals re- flap and resistance enhancement are associated with the photosynthetic features of Paeonia ludlowii. Paeonia ludlowii mutant AS and non-mutant ACK are used as materials. The photosynthesis parameters are measured using Li-6400 portable photosynthetic system. The differences of photosynthetic characteristics of Paeonia ludlowii mutant AS and non-mutant ACK are analyzed under the similar environmental conditions. The results showed that: compared to ACK, the net photosynthetic rate of AS was greatly affected by the changes of CO2 concentration, while marginally affected by the light intensity. AS had lower net photosynthetic rate, but significantly greater maximum net photosynthetic rate and light saturation point than those of ACK. The maximum net photosynthetic rate of AS and ACK was 49.8 and 41.6 μmol/(m2 · s), respectively, and the light saturation point was 754.5 and 334.2 μmol/(m2 · s), respectively. The dark respiration rate in AS was markedly lower than that in ACK [0.039 vs. 0.178 μmol/(m2·s)], as well as the apparent quantum yield in the mutant was markedly lower than that in the non-mutant (0.066 vs. 0.125 μmol/mol). The results suggest that the mutant material Lhasa Paeonia ludlowii has significantly varied photosynthetic characteristics and enhanced ability of environmental adaption than its non-variant material, indicating that the variation of Paeonia ludlowii was specifically related to its photosynthetic characteristics under the present conditions, while the additional possibilities of mutation in other environmental conditions should be further exploited.

  Introduction and Tissue Culture Propagation Technology of New Lily Cultivars 2019, 35 (22):  65-70.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030095 Abstract + ( 407 )   PDF ( 1178KB )   ( 130 ) The paper aims to collect and utilize the resources of new Lily varieties, and to promote and popularize the cultivated area of Lily varieties as a kind of under-forest flower, In this study, 8 cultivars of Lilium cultivars (‘Caesars Palace’, ‘Black Out’, ‘Donato’, ‘Eyeliner’, ‘Manissa’, ‘Ceb Dazzle’, ‘Brindisi’ and ‘Bonsoir’) were introduced and planted in Chenzhou, and the ornamental characteristics and adaptability were observed and evaluated by a score sheet. Meanwhile, experiments were carried out for the rapid propagation of Lilium by tissue culture technology, which based on the highest scores. Firstly, the results showed that ‘Caesars Palace’, ‘Black Out’, ‘Donato’ were suitable for planting in Chenzhou, and their scores were 4.78, 4.33 and 4.67, respectively. Secondly, the experiments of tissue culture, using the bulb of ‘Caesars Palace’ as explants, were indicated that the medium and inner of bulb scales would promote induction of shoots easier. Thirdly, the optimal medium for plantlets proliferation was MS medium containing 1.0 mg/L 6-BA and 0.2 mg/L NAA, and for root induction and elongation, 1/2MS medium plus NAA at the concentration of 0.5 mg/L showed good effect. Additionally, the survival rate of transplantation was about 85% under the optimal transplantation matrix of V (yellow soil): V(peat soil): V(perlite)= 5:4:1.

  Effects of Different Matrixes on the Growth and Development of Rhynchostylis gigantea 2019, 35 (22):  71-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020055 Abstract + ( 430 )   PDF ( 1158KB )   ( 144 ) The effects of different matrixes on the growth and flowering of the young and matured seedlings of tissue culture of Rhynchostylis gigantea are studied respectively, to solve the selection problem of the seedling cultivation matrix during the different production stage. The results were as follows: (1) sphagnum was a suitable cultivation matrix for young seedling. The survival rate of greenhouse and shade shed environment was 97.5%, which can promote plant growth better. The survival rate of pine squama treatment was 100.0% and 90.0%, respectively. It has a better promotion effect and is sub-optimal treatment. (2) The mixed matrix of pine bark, charcoal and volcanic rocks was beneficial to the growth of leaves and roots of the matured seedlings, which was a suitable cultivation matrix for the vegetative growth period but was not conducive to flowering. The flowering rate of 1.0-2.0 cm volcanic rock and pine squama was 90.0% and 75.0% respectively. It has a certain promotion effect on leaf width, stem height and root coarse growth, which was suitable for the flower cultivation of matured seedling. Among them, pine squama is more economical and environmentally friendly, and is preferred flower-promoting matrixes.

  Different Underlying Surfaces of Urban Green Space in Beijing: Effects on Environmental Microclimate 2019, 35 (22):  77-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030026 Abstract + ( 451 )   PDF ( 1113KB )   ( 176 ) [Objective][Method] Different kinds of underlying surfaces of urban green in Beijing are selected to study their air temperature, relative humidity and human body comfort index by using small-scale quantitative measurement method. [Result]The result shows : 1)The type of underlying surfaces have a significant correlation with air temperature and relative humidity, the characteristics of the other sixteen plots have no significant correlation with air temperature and relative humidity. 2)The order of average temperature-humidity effect for different underlying surfaces daily in summer is Tree-shrub-herbage> Tree-herbage > Shrub-herbage > Lawn Bare > Land > Cement pavement. 3)8:00～18:00,except 18:00, the order of the temperature-humidity effect for different underlying surfaces in each period is consistent with the effect of daily average; The effects of temperature-humidity (include negative effect) for the underlying surfaces reach the maximum at 14:00, Tree-shrub-herbage can decrease the air temperature with an average of 4.50 ℃ and increase the relative humidity by 7.45 %, Cement pavement can increase the air temperature with an average of 2.03 ℃ and decrease the relative humidity by 2.82 %. 4)The order of human comfort index for different underlying surface is nearly Tree shrub herbage> Tree herbage > shrub herbage> Lawn Bare> land> Cement pavement.

  Soil of Pinus koraiensis Forest in Tangwanghe National Park: Fungi Diversity 2019, 35 (22):  84-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010149 Abstract + ( 517 )   PDF ( 1548KB )   ( 128 ) [Objective] In order to understand the soil fungal community structure characteristics of different forest types in Tangwang River National Park, and the relationships of soil fungal community structures and soil environmental factors, [Method] the three forest type soils (0~20 cm soil layer) that took from the Brich secondary forest, Broad-leaved Korean pine forest and Spruce pine red pine forest were selected and sequenced the fungal community diversity by using the high-throughput sequencing technology. [Result]The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, alkali nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased but the soil pH decreased from broad-leaved forest type to coniferous forest type. The soil fungi taxon included 3 phyla, 9 classes, 31 orders, 64 families, 82 genera and 75 species. The Basidiomycota was the dominant phylum in the Spruce forest and the Broad-leaved Korean pine forest. The Mucoromycota was the dominant phylum in the Birch secondary forest type. The relative abundance of Russula, Mortierella, Cenococcum, Pyrenochaetopsis, Solicoccozyma, Saitozyma, Humicolopsis and Tylospora differed significantly. [Conclusion] Based on the redundancy analysis and correlation analysis, the soil fungal diversity of different forest types in Tangwanghe National Park were affected by soil pH, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and moisture content.

  Prediction of Rape Florescence Based on ForcTT Model in Kaihua 2019, 35 (22):  91-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040085 Abstract + ( 655 )   PDF ( 1195KB )   ( 125 ) [Objective] This study was completed to provide timely and accurate forecast to the government and tourists, guide rural tourism activities. [Method]Two different prediction models , the effective accumulated temperature rule based on the ForcTT model and the stepwise regression, were established based on the observation data of rape growth period and ground meteorological observation data from 2004 to 2015. [Result] The results showed that: The effective accumulated temperature rule based on the ForcTT model effectively avoided the uncertainty of each growth period in the law of effective accumulated temperature. The results of the two prediction models were approximate to the prediction of florescence for the most recent three years, which were biased from the actual value, but ccould accurately reflect the changes of the florescence of the years before and after. The results showed that the accumulated temperature model could reflect the time difference of flowering period in different regions effectively. [Conclusion]Therefore, the effective accumulated temperature law based on the ForcTT model could serve as an effective means for the prediction of rape flower period and provide technical support for the development of more effective tourism meteorological services.

  Drought Risk Zone of Sugarcane in Liuzhou Based on Crop Water Deficit Index 2019, 35 (22):  96-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030091 Abstract + ( 463 )   PDF ( 1971KB )   ( 142 ) 【Objective】 The objective of this study was to make a drought risk zone map of sugarcane in Liuzhou, and to provide scientific reference for the prevention and avoidance of sugarcane drought and the optimization of planting layout. 【Method】 Using the meteorological data of 8 meteorological stations in Liuzhou from 1961 to 2014 and combining with the development period of sugarcane, and on the basis of water deficit index theory, the drought risk index of sugarcane in Liuzhou was constructed by taking the water deficit index with its probability and weight coefficient of each growth stage as the evaluation index. Finally, the risk zone map was made. 【Result】 Water deficit index and drought frequency are much higher in elongation and maturity period. The east of Liuzhou City, the south of Luzhai County and the central part of Liucheng County are in high-risk zone. The southwest of Sanjiang County and most areas of Rongan County are in medium-risk zone. Most areas of Rongshui County and the small areas of west of Rongan County are in low-risk zone. 【Conclusion】 The spatial difference of drought risk is high in Liuzhou. The results of the regionalization can provide scientific reference for rational arrangement of planting layout and formulation of scientific irrigation water allocation plan.

  Climatic Conditions: Effects on the Production of Winter-planting Potato in Huidong 2019, 35 (22):  106-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020074 Abstract + ( 679 )   PDF ( 1303KB )   ( 333 ) Based on the meteorological data of daily average temperature, precipitation and sunshine duration from 1967 to 2017 and winter potato yield data from 2007 to 2016 in Huidong County, the effects of meteorological conditions on winter potato yield in Huidong County were analyzed. The results show that the annual average temperature and precipitation anomaly in Huidong County in winter has obvious interdecadal variation characteristics, and are in the age of negative anomaly increasing at present. The effects of meteorological factors on potatoes were different in different growth stages. There was a significant negative correlation between total potato yield and precipitation, a significant positive correlation between total yield and sunshine duration at germination stage, a significant negative correlation between total yield and precipitation at seedling stage, and a significant negative correlation between yield and average temperature at rapid expansion stage. The main disastrous weather affecting winter potato production in Huidong County are persistent drought and frost, among which frost is the most serious. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to reduce the adverse effects of disastrous weather on potato production.

  Meteorological Prediction of Cabbage Clubroot in Mountainous Areas of Wulong Chongqing 2019, 35 (22):  111-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060024 Abstract + ( 413 )   PDF ( 1509KB )   ( 124 ) Clubroot,caused by the soil-borne obligate biotroph Plasmodiophora brassicae Woronin, is one of the most serious diseases in the world. Any cruciferous of the susceptible varieties can be infected by the pathogen, and it greatly decreases the yields and quality of cruciferous crop under appropriate conditions. In order to prevent and reduce the occurrence of clubroot in mountainous areas of Chongqing, the cabbage of Wulong District was selected as the research object. The relationship between the meteorological factors and the incidence of clubroot was analyzed by using the meteorological data of 2010-2014 and the field examination data of mountain cabbage in this area. The accumulation precipitation at the transplanting survival period and the mean temperature at 12-14 days after planting were used to establish a meteorological prediction model for clubroot of cabbage. The regression model was verified and probed by 2015-2016 year examination data, the coefficient of determination R2 was 0.68. It proved that the prediction method has good objectivity and applicability. It can be applied to the forecast of meteorological conditions of the occurrence of cabbage clubroot in Chongqing mountainous areas. The combination of meteorological control and biological control will provide a new theoretical basis for the integrated control of clubroot in mountainous areas.

  The relation of vegetation growth indexes and meteorological factors on alpine grassland 李文辉 and 赵恒和 2019, 35 (22):  117-122.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18100027 Abstract + ( 483 )   PDF ( 1267KB )   ( 169 ) In order to further find the climate models of the grassland vegetation phenological phases between growth indexes and meteorological factors on alpine region, This paper was based on meteorological and nearly 11 a pasture observation data, and used curve estimation analysis method to discuss the characteristics of different interannual grassland vegetation phenological phases growth indexes changes and the relation patterns of the meteorogical factors. The results showed that different annual temperature and precipitation had no significant difference, the growth indexes of grassland vegetation phenological phases performed not the same in different interannual. the grassland vegetation heights of 2005 and 2010 was significantly higher than in 2015, and there was no significant difference among vegetation coverages in the different annual. The tendency of the grassland vegetation yields were in common with vegetation heights. In addition, the largest grassland vegetation variation coefficient of each parameter index in 2014, was 85%, 55% and 94%, respectively; But the minimal variation in 2015, was 48%, 32% and 64%, respectively. Moreover, annual average temperatures had nothing to do with heights in different interannual vegetation phenological periods on alpine meadow, and between coverages and yields were a line functions; Average annual rainfalls with the heights and yields were all line functions. Thus, seasonal precipitation was a driven dominant factor to high altitude meadow vegetation heights, coverages, and the yields.

  Long Sequence Runoff in the Source of the Yangtze River: Variation Law and Its Relationship with Meteorological Elements 2019, 35 (22):  123-129.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010139 Abstract + ( 489 )   PDF ( 1843KB )   ( 558 ) Based on the hydrometeorological data of the source of the Yangtze River(SYR) during 1956 and 2012, we used concentration period and concentration degree, linear trend test, mutation test and wavelet transform to analyze the trend of mutation and periodicity of annual runoff time series of Tuotuohe station and Zhimen station, and study the response of runoff variation to meteorological factors. The results showed that the concentration ratio of runoff in the SYR basically increase slightly,and the concentration period postponed slightly. The annual runoff presented

  Warm Winter Events in Huainan and Analysis of Precipitation Response in Flood Season 潘先洁,,,李景安,, and 2019, 35 (22):  130-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030127 Abstract + ( 401 )   PDF ( 1344KB )   ( 132 ) [Objective]In order to study characteristics of warm winter events and the relationship with rainfall in the flood season in Huainan from 1956 to 2017, thus better serve the local agricultural production in winter, disaster prevention and reduction, and prediction of precipitation in the flood season, [Methods] Based on the winter temperature data of Huainan from 1956 to 2017, using the statistical methods such as linear trend analysis to climate diagnositic studies. [Method]According to《GBT_21983—2008_ warm winter grade》, the causes of warm winter climate characteristics and the relationship with rainfall in flood season were analyzed. [Result]The results showed that: the trend of average temperature in winter increased significantly in Huainan from 1956 to 2017, especially more obvious since 1996，and the mutation happened in 1991.The mean maximum and minimum temperature increased, and the mean minimum temperature contributed most to winter warming. The warm winter index showed upward trend, there were 13 warm winter and 7 strong warm winter after the 1990s,but only one weak warm winter before the 1990s. The main factors which result in continuance warm winters, may be the strengthened subtropical high in the western Pacific Ocean, and the outbreak of El Nino Event, and the prevalence of zonal winds and the weaken air at the Asia in winter. [Conclusion] It is found that in the year of strong warm winter or cold winter, the precipitation in the flood season is easy to deviate much, which has some reference value to the forecast of precipitation in the flood season.

  Broken Black Tea Varieties from Yunnan and Kenya: A Comparison Study on Quality Components 2019, 35 (22):  136-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020040 Abstract + ( 463 )   PDF ( 1127KB )   ( 89 ) The paper aims to find out the difference of quality components between Yunnan tea varieties and Kenya tea varieties under the same environment of cultivation, so as to provide a theoretical reference for the improvement of Yunnan black tea varieties. In this study, the content of tea polyphenols, amino acids, caffeine, water extracts, theaflavins (TF), thearubigin (TR) and theabrownines (TB) processed from 16 Yunnan tea varieties and 5 Kenya tea varieties was determined and the quality of black broken tea was evaluated. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the contents of tea polyphenols, caffeine, amino acids, water extracts, TF, TR and TB between Yunnan tea varieties and Kenya tea varieties. However, amino acid and TF contents of broken black tea from the Yunnan tea varieties were generally lower than those from Kenyan tea varieties. TF content of 5 Kenya broken black teas was more than 1.00%, while TF content of only 2 Yunnan tea varieties was beyond 1.00%. Furthermore, the proportion of TF, TR, TB of both the Yunnan’s and Kenyan tea varieties exhibited significant difference, and the proportion of TF: TR: TB in Yunnan broken black teas was 1:9.4:10.3, while was 1:5.7:5.3 in 5 Kenya broken black teas. Generally, liquid color of black broken teas from Yunnan tea varieties was mainly red and light, but which of 5 Kenya tea varieties was strongly red and light. Aroma persistence of black broken tea from Yunnan tea varieties was not longer than that of Kenya tea varieties. Meanwhile, strength, heavy and mellow flavor from the Yunnan tea varieties were lower than that of Kenya tea varieties. However, ''Yunkang 50'', ''Yunkang 43'', ''Yunkang 37'', ''Foxiang 1'', ''Foxiang 2'', ''Foxiang 3'' scored close to or higher than Kenya tea varieties in terms of comprehensive quality evaluation of processed black shredded tea, which are worthy of further popularizing and utilization as high quality black tea varieties.

  Content of Proanthocyanidin in Fruit of Lycium rethenicum 张斌武,蓝登明,, and 2019, 35 (22):  142-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060082 Abstract + ( 504 )   PDF ( 1325KB )   ( 123 ) In order to determine the content of proanthocyanidins in Lycium rethenicum Murr, the fruit was collected from different sources in Qinghai, Gansu, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia. Fresh fruit procyanidins content highest provenance in Inner Mongolia, then followed by Qinghai, Gansu, Xinjiang, therefore, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai provenance can be used as the preferred species of Lycium rethenicum Murr wolfberry in Alxa region; Among different planting sites, the highest anthocyanin content of Lycium rethenicum Murr wolfberry of ejin banner was planted, and the environmental indicators of Alxa area could be used as reference for the planting of Lycium rethenicum Murr wolfberry. The content of proanthocyanin content in the fruits of artificially planted Lycium rethenicum Murr was higher than that of wildLycium rethenicum Murr .

  Wogonin Extraction from Shangluo Scutellaria baicalensis and Application of Its Compound Preservative Solution 2019, 35 (22):  147-155.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070017 Abstract + ( 371 )   PDF ( 2242KB )   ( 440 ) In this paper, Shangluo Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was used as the experimental material to extract wogonin in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi by ultrasonic assisted ethanol. The effects of ultrasonic time, ultrasonic temperature, ultrasonic power, material to liquid ratio and ethanol concentration on the yield of wogonin were studied. On the basis of single factor experiments, 3 factors and 3 level response surface tests were designed and analyzed. The optimized process was as follows: the extraction rate of wogonin was 0.526% under the condition of ultrasonic power 140W, material to liquid ratio 1:20, and ethanol concentration 60%. The extract of wogonin extract was mixed with 1.5% chitosan and 1% citric acid to prepare compound preservative liquid. The temperature and humidity of fresh strawberry was simulated with sensory index, pH value and total number of colonies as the test index. Through the evaluation of strawberry quality, the effects of different concentrations of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi wogonin compound preservative solution were studied.. The results showed that: the preservation time of 0.20% Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi wogonin compound preservative solution could preserve fresh strawberry 3d, and the 0.40% Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi wogonin compound preservative liquid could effectively preserve fresh strawberry 5d. Because the temperature of strawberry is very easy to decay, the strawberry can be predicted to have longer storage time at room temperature. The results of this study can be used as a reference for the application of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi wogonin in Shangluo.

  Study on the Hollowing Villages in Hilly and Mountainous Areas from the Perspective of Population-Land-Industry: Taking 12 Villages in Fengjie as an Example 2019, 35 (22):  156-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030036 Abstract + ( 509 )   PDF ( 1487KB )   ( 126 ) [Objective] To implement the rural revitalization strategy, comprehensively deepen rural reform, and solve the problem of rural hollowing out. [Method] With 12 research villages in Fengjie County as the research area, the index system was constructed from the three dimensions of “population, land and industry”. The mean square error decision-making method and the TOPSIS model were used to measure the population, land and industry in the study area in 2014-2018. Aspects are hollowed out and reveal their evolutionary trends. [Results] The results showed that: (1) During the study period, the degree of population hollowing was reduced, and the degree of hollowing out of Jinqian Village was significantly reduced, and the degree of hollowing out of Guanshan Village was significantly increased; (2) The degree of hollowing out of industry showed a slowing trend. The most notable is Shuitian Village; (3) The degree of land hollowing is polarized, and the hollowing out trend of Guanshan Village and Shuitian Village has been effectively slowed down. Fenghuang Village, Shangmo Village and Xiema Village continue to deepen; (4) Overall The degree of comprehensive hollowing has not changed much, but the hollowing out trend of Meizi Village and Chuanqian Village is still continuing. [Conclusion] From the microscopic point of view, this study analyzes the characteristics and causes of the hollowing out of "people, land and industry" and proposes hollowing out governance, which provides an empirical reference for small-area rural geography research.