Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of fertilization method and nitrogen rate on yield formation and nitrogen utilization of machine-transplanted rice in West Sichuan Plain Area, ‘Tianyouhuazhan’ was planted in a split-plot field experiment, which was conducted with two fertilization methods (surface broadcasted manually, mechanical side deep fertilization) as the main factor and two nitrogen rates (180 kg/hm2 and 144 kg/hm2, denoted by N180 and N144, respectively) as the subplot factor, and dry matter accumulation at full heading and maturity stages, yield and yield components were measured among the treatments. The results showed that nitrogen fertilizer mechanically applied significantly increased the grain yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of machine-transplanted rice in West Sichuan Plain Area. Compared with surface broadcasted manually, mechanical side deep fertilization increased the effective panicle by 0.39%, the grain number per panicle by 6.60%, the grain yield by 4.97%, the nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity by 4.79%, and the nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization efficiency by 18.54%, respectively. In mechanical side deep fertilization treatments, compared with N144, N180 produced the higher dry matter accumulation, effective panicle and grain yield. Compared with that 144 kg N/hm2 mechanical side deep fertilization, 180 kg N/hm2 surface broadcasted manually only increased grain yield by 2.87%. Hence, Mechanical side deep fertilization technology not only reduces the fertilization cost, but also stabilizes the yield, which is worth popularizing and applying in a larger area.