Current issue

• 2019 Vol.35 No.23 Published:13 August 2019

  Spraying Compound Nutrient on Soil at Pre-sowing Affects Agronomic Characters and Yield of Winter Wheat 任 伟,杜君 and 孙克刚 2019, 35 (23):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060029 Abstract + ( 678 )   PDF ( 1120KB )   ( 210 ) To study the regulation effect of spraying biological micro-fertilizer‘Saitufeng’on plant growth and yield improvement at pre- sowing stage, field experiments were conducted during 2016 to 2017. The experiment involved the wheat cultivar‘Zhengmai379’and three treatments: blank control (T1), water (T2), ‘Saitufeng’(T3). The agronomic characters such as plant height, the number of secondary root, leaf color, diseases and insect pests were recorded during the growth stage and the yield and yield components were examined at maturity stage. The results showed that‘Saitufeng’played an active role in increasing stem height, and protecting wheat plants from diseases and insect pests, especially promoting the development of root. Further analysis found that, compared with the treatment of water, the thousand grain weights and grain yields of‘Saitufeng’treatment in two experimental sites increased significantly by 13.09% , 12.44% and 4.67% , 4.64% , respectively. The spike number and grain number increased but not significantly. Thus, spraying‘Saitufeng’on soil at pre-sowing could improve the yield by increasing the grain weight, and the effect is obvious.

  Phenotypic Traits: Inbred Lines from Maize Landrace‘Worihuang’and Its Derivatives 2019, 35 (23):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030155 Abstract + ( 519 )   PDF ( 1358KB )   ( 232 ) For evaluating the efficiency of the method that reselecting from the recombination of maize landraces and their derivatives and investigating new ways to utilize elite landrace resources, we conducted comprehensive evaluations on ''Wo 30'' and 8 recombinant inbred lines based on phenotypic analysis, principal component analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis to study the comprehensive evaluation index and method of inbred lines developed from landraces. The results showed that (1) there were abundant genetic variations between ''Wo 30'' and these recombinant inbred lines, the coefficient of variation of each trait was 1.49%-46.79%, and the multiple characters of ''A3'' and ''A4'' were superior to that of ''Wo 30''. (2) the comprehensive evaluation analysis showed that the cumulative contribution rate of 3 principal components was 90.46%, the comprehensive score of the phenotypic traits of the tested materials was varied from -1.414 to 2.550, and the overall scores of ''A4'', ''A3'' and ''A1'' were higher than that of ''Wo 30''. Six phenotypic traits such as the pollinating stage were significantly or highly significantly correlated with the comprehensive score. (3) the genetic distance of the tested materials were varied from 0.78 to 2.045. Three groups were classified when the threshold was selected as 1.414. Overall, the target traits were improved by reselecting from the recombination of ''Worihuang'' and its derivatives, which was beneficial to further explore and utilize the elite genes in the local varieties.

  Maize Varieties of Different Genotypes: Tiller Characteristics and Their Relationship with Yield Traits 2019, 35 (23):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060012 Abstract + ( 597 )   PDF ( 1184KB )   ( 361 ) To clarify the difference of tiller characteristics of maize varieties of different genotypes, and the effect of tillering on agronomic characters and yield traits, 37 varieties were used as materials, and the tiller differences were compared with multiple comparison and correlation analysis. The correlations between the tillering rate and plant height, ear height, yield as well as yield components were analyzed. The results showed that the tillering rate was significantly different among different varieties. According to the tillering rate, maize varieties were divided into three types: high, medium and low tiller types. The tillering rate of‘DK56’was the highest, up to 93.33%. The tillering rate of‘Xundan211’was the lowest as 0.00%. There were significantly positive correlations between the tillering rate and plant height and ear row number of low tiller rate varieties, and the correlation coefficient was 0.323 and 0.609, respectively. There were no significant correlations between the tillering rate and ear height, row grain number, grain weight and yield. The tillering rates of different genotype varieties were significantly different in maize, and there was no effect of tillering or nontillering on maize yield.

  The“One Spray and Three Prevention”Technology of Summer Corn 2019, 35 (23):  18-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050147 Abstract + ( 531 )   PDF ( 1234KB )   ( 166 ) The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of one spray and three prevention on agronomic traits such as stress resistance and 100-grain weight of summer maize in the middle and late stage of Huang - Huai - Hai region. In this study, ''Zhengdan 958'' was used as the research object to select the best spraying time through variance analysis. The results showed that all treatments had significant effects on agronomic traits of summer maize (p < 0.05). Analysis of field traits: T4, T5, T6 treatment reached significant level compared with T7, All the traits of T1, T2, T3 treatment improved, T5 treatment was the best and T7 treatment was the worst. In the analysis of indoor seed testing, the differences among other traits except grain water content reached significant levels. The analysis results of seed yield, 100 - grain weight and yield traits were similar and T5 was significantly superior to T7. The grain number per spike, grain protein content and mildew rate traits T7 and T5 all reached significant levels. Spraying the mixture of bactericide、pesticide and some micro-fertilizer after summer maize pollen dispersal can significantly improve agronomic traits and prolong the filling duration, which can provide theoretical basis for general corn cultivation and improvement of corn yield and quality.

  Characterization and evaluation of quality traits of Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) germplasms 2019, 35 (23):  23-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020008 Abstract + ( 516 )   PDF ( 1215KB )   ( 105 ) [Objective]The aim is to evaluate the qualities of Beta vulgaris (sugar beet) germplasms more authentically, so that the excellent quality traits of sugar beet germplasms can be further mined and applied pertinently. [Method] Three comprehensive indexes of sugar beet, sucrose recovery rate, indexes of impure components, sucrose recovery amount, were referenced in this study, so that the impact of impure and harmful components in the root tuber, the component of Potassium、Sodium and α-N, could be eliminated. The quality traits of 162 germplasm accessions of sugar beet germplasms were investigated for two years. [Result] According to the data of quality traits of the 162 germplasms, the content of harmful, non-sucrose impure components in sugar beet root, including Potassium、Sodium and α-N, which interfere sucrose extraction and recovery, diverged significantly among different germplasm accessions. The index of Sodium content diverged the most greatly among the tested accessions, with a range (R) up to 4.763 mmol/100g, which was 1.84 times compared to the average sodium content, and the coefficient of variation (CV) reached 34.43%. Indexes of α-N content and Potassium content also exhibited significant difference among the tested accessions, with the CV of 16.90% and 19.03% respectively. Via evaluation data, two groups of sugar beet accessions were selected. One group were made up of 10 accesions which had higher sucrose content and lower harmful components, and was named as a "high sucrose group", with an average sucrose recovery rate of 15.88% within the group. The other group were made up of 48 accesions which had considerable sucrose content and lower harmful components, and was named as a "moderate-high sucrose group", with an average sucrose recovery rate of 14.95% within the group. Meanwhile, 8 accessions of high yield type were elected with an impurity index of no more than 4.0 and a root yield no less than 45.00t/hm2, and 13 accessions of moderate high yield type were elected with an impurity index between 4.0-4.5 and a root yield no less than 45.00t/hm2. [Conclusion] The sucrose recovery amount index of sugar beet root in this study is a comprehensive index, combining both the sucrose recovery rate index and the productivity of root index, and is a promising index to evaluate quality of sugar beet germplasms in order to find out high yield, high quality accessions. The sucrose recovery amount index can be applied in sugar beet germplasm evaluation, and help to select varieties with both high yield and high process qualities. Its application can give consideration to both the benefit of sugar beet farmers and the profit of sugar manufactured enterprises, so that can facilitate the sustainable development of beet sugar manufacture industry.

  Cloning and Bioinformatics Analysis of Sucrose Transporter Gene Glyma18g15950 in Vegetable Soybean 2019, 35 (23):  29-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050022 Abstract + ( 457 )   PDF ( 1416KB )   ( 144 ) In order to reveal the characteristics of vegetable soybean sucrose transporter in the molecular level, we homologously cloned the sucrose transporter gene Glyma18g15950 from the vegetable soybean variety “Mindou 6”. After sequencing, it was found that the length of CDS sequence was 1794 bp, encoding a polypeptide containing 597 amino acids. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the isoelectric point (pI) and molecular weight (Mw) was 5.81 and 64.30 kD, respectively, and this protein is a hydrophobic protein. The secondary structure of amino acid residues were also predicted by SOMPA, and the results showed 42.47% for α-helix, 13.71% for β-sheet, 39.63% for random coil and 4.18% for β-turn. Based to the amino acid sequence and structural analysis, Glyma18g15950 protein contained one conserved domain (MFS_2 domain). SignalP analysis showed that the protein has no signal peptide. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the Glyma18g15950 protein had the closest genetic relationship with Glycine soja and the homology was 97.34%. The alignment between this protein and 9 SUC proteins from Arabidopsis thaliana showed that Glyma18g15950 was closely to AtSUC3 and belonged to the SUT2 subfamily.

  Flax Fiber in Reinforced Composites: Application and Research Progress 2019, 35 (23):  35-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050077 Abstract + ( 545 )   PDF ( 1033KB )   ( 260 ) The paper aims to study the application of flax fiber as a renewable reinforced composites in production, we reviewed the composition and mechanical properties of flax fiber and its application in reinforced composites, and introduced the production process of flax fiber composites at present. It is found that: the development of new interfacial compatibilizers plays an important role in improving the high durability of flax fiber reinforced composites. The application prospects and development trends of flax fiber reinforced composites and the feasibility of biocomposite development are discussed.

  The Texture Characters of‘Shucuihong’Peach Fruit 2019, 35 (23):  40-44.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080014 Abstract + ( 369 )   PDF ( 1133KB )   ( 119 ) Comparison of the texture changes of "Shucuihong" peach in different shelf periods can provide a data basis for the texture of the fruit in shelf life. Different shelf life on peach parameters include the skin puncture strength (skin hardness), the skin burst falling distance (peel brittle), peel toughness, brittleness, average flesh firmness, pulp fiber index (fineness) are measured and observed peach fruit in the shelf life texture change, provide technical support for production.The test results show that the quality of the ‘Shu cuihong’ peach can be stored for at least 20 days in the shelf life.

  Photosynthetic Characteristics of Four Calanthe Species 2019, 35 (23):  45-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080118 Abstract + ( 467 )   PDF ( 1331KB )   ( 82 ) This study aims to understand the difference of assimilation ability of four different kind of Calanthe species, and to compare the ability of different species to adapt to sunlight under greenhouse cultivation, thus to provide a theoretical basis for production management in facility cultivation.Taking Calanthe argenteo-striata, C. labrosa, C. sylvatica, and C. triplicata as materials, response characteristic curve of photosynthesis to the light and CO2 responses, chlorophyll fluorescence data, and relative chlorophyll contents of these four species were studied. The results showed that, according to parameters of the established response characteristic curve of photosynthesis to the light, the photosynthesis capability of four plants was C. labrosa (2.04) > C. argenteo-striata (1.75) > C. sylvatica (1.65) > C. triplicata (0.8). The rapid light curves showed that the net photosynthetic rate increased as the photosynthetic active radiation and intercellular CO2 mole fraction increased, and the rank of maximal photochemical efficiency was C. argenteo-striata (0.625) > C. sylvatica (0.583) > C. labrosa (0.561) > C. triplicata (0.544), the rank of relative chlorophyll content of the plants in the study was C. triplicata (39.90) > C. argenteo-striata (31.29) > C. labrosa (27.75) > C. Sylvatica (27.25). The comparison of the photosynthetic response parameters showed that C. argenteo-striata and C. labrosa have higher photosynthetic rate Light use range, adaptability to light energy.

  Paddy Soil Microbial Diversity Under Tillage Practices: Research Progress 2019, 35 (23):  51-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060046 Abstract + ( 572 )   PDF ( 1029KB )   ( 131 ) Soil tillage methods is an important factor affecting the soil environment and quality. Soil microorganisms are an important component of soil, and it is the most active part of nutrient conversion of soil organic matter decomposition. At present, some studies have conducted to studies the effects of different soil tillage treatments on the soil microorganisms in plough layer of paddy fields. However, the results of some research were different due to the different factors, such as soil type, climate, and field management practices. In order to understand the changes of soil microorganisms under different soil tillage treaments, the process studies on the effects of different soil tillage treatments (no-tillage, rotary tillage, plow tillage and other different tillage) on soil microorganisms were analysis in the present paper. The results showed that: (1) It was generally believed that the soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents under no-tillage treatment were higher than that of under tillage and rotary tillage treatments, and the soil microbial biomass were decreased with the increase of soil depth. (2) There were significantly differences in amount of microbes and enzyme activities with different tillage treatments, and the number of microorganisms and enzyme activities were changed with the soil depth, seasonal comdition, and the duration of cultivation, and so on. Meanwhile, the number of microorganisms with the following order bacteria> actinomycetes> fungi. (3) The soil microbial diversity with conservation tillage treatment were higher than that of tillage and rotary tillage treatments, and the soil microbial diversity were decreased with the increase of soil depth. The current research about progress of soil microorganisms under different soil tillage treatmments, the reasons for different experimental results were analyzed in the present paper. Therefore, these result were provided reference for further studying on the changes of soil microorganisms in the rhizospheric soils, improving the soil tillage and protecting ecology of double-cropping paddy fields in Southern China.

  Spatial Variability of Soil Available Microelements of Cultivated Land in Xi’an 2019, 35 (23):  58-65.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020054 Abstract + ( 396 )   PDF ( 1748KB )   ( 121 ) To clarify the spatial distribution of soil available microelements of cultivated land in Xi’an and provide a basis for better fertilizer management, the spatial distribution characteristics of soil available iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were studied by using the geostatistic method combined with GIS. The results showed that the average content of soil available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn was 9.84, 12.95, 1.82 and 2.61 mg/kg, respectively. All these values were significantly higher than that in the second national soil survey. The contents of available Fe, Mn and Cu were moderately variable in space, however, Zn had strong variation. The optimal semi-variance model for the available Fe, Cu and Zn were spherical model and that for available Mn was Gaussian model. The analysis of the nugget coefficient showed that available Fe, Cu and Zn had strong spatial correlation, while Mn had a moderate spatial correlation. As to the spatial distribution, the contents of soil available Fe in the north and south of Xi’an were higher than that in other areas, the contents of available Cu in the west were higher than that in the east, and the spatial distribution of available Mn and Zn were complicated. In general, the contents of soil available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in the study area are rich. The contents of soil available Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn in most cultivated land are above the medium level, but there is still a certain proportion of cultivated land lacking available microelements. Therefore, it is necessary to take the regionalized and balanced fertilization technology in agricultural production.

  Apple Orchards in Zhaotong Located in Southwest Cold Highland: Current Status of Soil Nutrients 2019, 35 (23):  66-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030117 Abstract + ( 575 )   PDF ( 1135KB )   ( 153 ) To clarify the current status of soil nutrients in apple orchards of Zhaotong and provide a basis for soil management, we chose 100 orchard soil samples at 5 main apple production areas in Zhaotong and analyzed their nutrients. The results showed that: (1) the average content of organic matter, hydrolysable nitrogen (N), rapid available phosphorus (P), available potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), available- Fe, Zn, Mn, B, S, and Se in 0-40 cm soil layer was 2.42%, 117.50 mg/kg, 24.87 mg/kg, 167.06 mg/kg, 2947.00 mg/kg, 401.71 mg/kg, 131.55 mg/kg, 5.75 mg/kg, 230.56 mg/kg, 0.62 mg/kg, 73.74 mg/kg and 0.19 mg/kg, respectively; (2) the content of nutrient elements in 0-40 cm soil layer obviously higher than that of 40-60 cm, and their difference was significant; (3) in 0-40 cm soil layer, the organic matter content was: Leju>Jiupu> Sujiayuan>Yongfeng>Sayu; the hydrolytic nitrogen content was: Leju>Sujiayuan>Jiupu>Sayu>Yongfeng; the available phosphorus content was: Yongfeng> Jiupu> Sujiayuan > Sayu>Leju; the available potassium content was: Yongfeng>Jiupu>Sayu>Leju>Sujiayuan. The content of organic matter and available phosphorus i moderate in orchard soil of Zhaotong, the hydrolytic nitrogen and available potassium are abundant; the soil fertility is strong, however, the content of medium and trace elements are all excessive and prone to antagonistic effects. So we suggest that organic fertilizer should be applied increasingly, N, P, K application should be balanced, and medium and trace elements should be used cautiously, so as to reduce chemical fertilizer, stabilize production and improve apple quality in Zhaotong.

  Variation Trend of Arid Farmland Soil Moisture of the Yellow River Valley, 2002-2017 2019, 35 (23):  72-77.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18060011 Abstract + ( 416 )   PDF ( 1299KB )   ( 140 ) The moisture variation trend of 0-30 cm soil in Guide, Qinghai was analyzed based on the arid farmland soil moisture data of Guide weather bureau from 2002 to 2017. The results showed that the soil moisture of 0-30 cm layer in arid farmland decreased significantly in spring during 2002 to 2017, and that in autumn was stable. The annual change of soil moisture was obvious in spring and autumn, the soil moisture of 0-30 cm in each layer presented a very significant decreasing trend in spring, but in autumn, the soil moisture of 0-10 cm showed a weak interannual increasing trend, the soil moisture of 10-20 and 20-30 cm decreased slightly, and the soil moisture of each layer was larger than that of spring. The soil moisture of 0-30 cm in each spring month had an interannual decreasing trend, but the changing of soil moisture in autumn months was not obvious. The temperature increased significantly in both spring and autumn, the change of precipitation was relatively stable in spring, and had an insignificant increase in autumn.

  Study on Ecological Function Evaluation and Ecological Compensation of Food Crops in Kashi-Yarkant River Basin 2019, 35 (23):  78-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010047 Abstract + ( 616 )   PDF ( 1273KB )   ( 84 ) Based on relevant statistical date of “two districts delineated” food crops in the Kashi River-Yelph River Basin, [Method]applying ecosystem service value and energy-ecological footprint methods, [Objective]evaluation of farmland ecosystem service value, ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity and calculate the amount of ecological compensation. [Result]research indicates: ①in 2016, the service equivalent value of cultivated land ecosystem in the Kashi River-Yarkant River Basin was 2,412.24 yuan. ②in the farmland ecological service system, the soil and waste treatment function equivalent factor is large, the tourism scientific research function and the raw material production function network equivalent factor are small, and the total ecological service value of the farmland system is about 18697.67 yuan·hm-2. ③wheat and corn have a higher per capita ecological footprint, soybean and rice have a smaller per capita ecological footprint, the per capita ecological footprint of the farmland system in the Kashi River- Yarkant River Basin is 0.328 hm2·person-1, the total ecological footprint is 181.18hm2. ecological carrying capacity of cultivated land is about 0.018 hm2·person-1.④the ecological compensation for cultivated land for four food crops such as wheat in 2016 is about 66.34 million yuan. [Conclusion] The Kashi River and the Yarkant River Basin cultivated land ecological service function was higher，but cultivated land production capacity was weak, ecological carrying capacity was small, appears ecological deficit and the cultivated land production system was stand in an unsustainable development state in appear ecological deficit，cultivated land ecological carrying capacity is weak,farmland production system is in an unsustainable state.

  Analysis of Climate Condition and Disaster for Chinese Prickly Ash Production in Fengxian County 2019, 35 (23):  84-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19030104 Abstract + ( 585 )   PDF ( 1244KB )   ( 295 ) The paper aims to quantitative assessment of climatic and ecological adaptability of Chinese prickly ash production in Fengxian county. The assessement index system of climatic impact for Chinese prickly ash production was constructed from the aspects of climatic impact conditions and main climate disasters. Based on the assessement index system, climate conditions and disasters of Chinese prickly ash production in Fengxian county of Shaanxi Province was analyzed with daily temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours history data from 1961 to 2018. The results show that from 1961 to 2018, the annual temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours of all yeas in Fengxian county are in the suitable range for Chinese prickly ash cultivation, especially with 89.7% years of annual temperature, 87.9% years of annual sunshine hours and 77.6% years of annual precipitation are in the optimum range. All the years with accumulated temperature above 0℃ during growing season and from flowering to fruit coloring period, average temperature during fruit enlargement growth period, average daily temperature difference during fruit cloring period in Fengxian county are in the suitable range, and all the years with accumulated temperature above 0℃ from flowering to fruit coloring period and average daily temperature difference during fruit coloring period are in the optimum range. Mean temperature during fruit coloring period and precipitation from flowering to fruit enlargement are in the optimum range for more than 75% of the years, of which more than 65% are in the optimum range. Compared with other climate conditions, the relative humidity from fruit enlargement growth to coloring stage are relatively poor, with 65.5% and 24.1% years in suitable and optimum range respectively. Generally speaking, the climate conditions in Fengxian county during the growing season of Chinese prickly ash are suitable, which is conducive to the improvement of yield and quality of Chinese prickly ash. The main climate disasters for production of Chinese prickly ash in Fengxian county include drought, freezing damage at low temperature and continuous rain. But these disasters have a mitigating trend from 1961 to 2018.

  Agricultural Climate Resources Show Change Features in the South Edge of the Qaidam Basin 2019, 35 (23):  91-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070125 Abstract + ( 481 )   PDF ( 1313KB )   ( 90 ) To provide scientific and technological support for the rational utilization of climate resources and the sustainable development of agricultural production in the south edge of the Qaidam Basin, using the data of temperature, accumulated temperature, sunshine duration and precipitation from 1961 to 2015, we analyzed the change features of agro-climatic resources by means of statistical methods such as climate tendency rate and coefficient. The results showed that (1) the heat resources presented an increasing trend, both annual and seasonal average temperature increased obviously, the annual average temperature variation tendency rate was 0.49℃/10 a; ≥0℃ and ≥10℃ annual accumulated temperature variation tendency rate was 77.0℃/10 a and 102.5℃/10 a, respectively; (2) the light resource reduced a bit, the decrease tendency rate of the annual average sunshine duration was 35.2 h/10 a, meanwhile that of summer decreased significantly by 16.7 h/10 a; (3) the precipitation resources showed a slightly increasing trend, the increase tendency rate of annual precipitation was 6.0 mm/10 a, obviously in summer with the rate of 4.0 mm/10 a; (4) the change of agroclimatic resources is beneficial to adjust the agricultural planting structure, develop facility and characteristic agriculture and increase yield; however, it could intensify the contradiction between water supply and demand in agriculture production, cause more crop diseases and pests, and increase agricultural cost and input.

  Temperature in Southeastern Qaidam Basin During 1961-2016: Variation Tendency 2019, 35 (23):  97-102.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18050053 Abstract + ( 396 )   PDF ( 1271KB )   ( 104 ) The paper aims to study the characteristics of temperature variation tendency in southeast of Tsaidam Basin. The authors used linear trend estimation method, moving average method and M-K abrupt analysis to analyze the temperature variation characteristics in southeast of Tsaidam Basin during 1961 to 2016. The results showed that the annual average maximum temperature, the annual average temperature, the annual average minimum temperature, were significantly elevated, the tendency rate of the above temperatures were 0.33℃/10a、0.28℃/10a、0.24℃/10a.The annual extreme maximum temperature was significantly elevated trend with 0.24℃/10a climate tendency rate, the annual extreme minimum temperature was not significant increase trend with 0.17℃/10a. The climate abrupt analysis shows that, The annual extreme minimum temperature 、the annual average minimum temperature 、the annual average temperature and the annual average maximum temperature , the annual extreme maximum temperature, respectively, had a from low to high climate abrupt in 1966,1979,1985 and 1990.

  Temperature Change Characteristics in Shuozhou from 1957 to 2017 2019, 35 (23):  103-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020018 Abstract + ( 577 )   PDF ( 1425KB )   ( 173 ) In order to study the regional differences of temperature change, exploit the regional climate resources rationally and improve the agricultural ecological environment , the climatic characteristics of temperature change in Shuozhou were studied by using annual average temperature, average maximum and minimum temperature and extreme maximum and minimum temperature date from 1957 to 2017 in this paper. The results show that:(1)The annual average temperature of Shuozhou in recent 61 years show an upward trend, and the increase rate of temperature is 0.4 ℃/10a , which is obviously higher than that of the whole country (0.25 ℃/10a). The average temperature of four seasons also show an upward trend and the increase of temperature in winter and spring is more obvious. (2)The annual average minimum temperature (0.47 C/10a) and extreme minimum temperature (0.61 C/10a) are much higher than the annual average maximum temperature (0.3 C/10a) and extreme maximum temperature (0.18 C/10a). (3)Climate anomaly analysis shows that the anomalies can occur in four seasons, especially in winter. (4)The abrupt change analysis shows that the abrupt of average minimum temperature and extreme minimum temperature occurs in 1970s, which is earlier than the abrupt change time of the annual average temperature(1990s).

  Evolution Characteristics of Lightning Days in Harbin Area 2019, 35 (23):  110-115.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020028 Abstract + ( 423 )   PDF ( 1529KB )   ( 179 ) The temporal and spatial evolution of lightning days is a applied value to the monitoring and prediction of disastrous weather and disaster prevention and mitigation in this region. Based on the daily year of lightning days from 13meteorological stations in Harbin from 1981 to 2018, The EOF and wavelet analysis were used to examine the temporal-spatial variation of lightning days in Harbin during the past 38 years. The results showed that it was a downtrend to lightning days in harbin, which decreased significantly at rates of 0.31d/10a. There were 3periodic changes of scales in lightning days, which were 28 years, 4 years and 9 years and non-significant cycle change. The three types spatial distribution of lightning days were mainly "hyperbolic paraboloid" shape and positive change trend, a line of the Shuangcheng-Acheng-Mulan and the middle of Tonghe-Yilan as the axis (southwest-northeast), the left paraboloid increased along the axis to the southwest, the right paraboloid decreased along the axis to the northeast, the range of left paraboloid was greater than the right paraboloid, and it was a closed low-value region with relatively dense contours. It can provide reference for lightning disaster management, prediction and prevention.

  Mixed Strong Convective Weather Under a Forward Trough: Key Information Analysis 2019, 35 (23):  116-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19010150 Abstract + ( 570 )   PDF ( 2913KB )   ( 255 ) To strengthen the capacity for disaster prevention and mitigation, overcome the prediction errors of strong convection process. We analyzed a mixed strong convective event in south-central Zhejiang on June 29, 2018 based on multi-source meteorological observation data. The results showed that: the forward trough, surface convergence line and orographic uplift led to the development and maintenance of new convection; the accumulation of unstable energy in the early stage was obvious; high Cape, θse energy cumulation zone and 925 hPa specific humidity had good indicative significance for this strong convection intensity; but the inversion layer and dry intrusion led to poor reference of K; 9 body sweeps and strong wind shear occurred in the mesocyclone during hailstorm; at the same time, the jump of VIL was 18 min ahead of the hail time providing early warning time for short-term forecast; high sensitivity of ρVIL was showed in this process, and combining the estimation of hail diameter (≥5) and VIL (≥4) could provide the better significance; the combination of VIL with VILmax and ρVILmax could deduce the property of the storm; the offsetting effect of storm bearing layer resulted in the limited development of the hailstorm.

  Early Warning of Mountain Flood Geological Disasters in Nyingchi Based on Logistic Regression Method 2019, 35 (23):  124-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18040021 Abstract + ( 497 )   PDF ( 1446KB )   ( 109 ) To study the causes of mountain flood geological disasters in Nyingchi, Tibet, the authors analyzed several major impact factors such as precipitation, land use, soil type, slope and vegetation index. Combined with the environmental geology and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of precipitation, Logistic regression method was used to establish the probability zoning of the disasters. Based on the daily precipitation data of the disaster day and six days before the disaster day, an early warning model of mountain flood geological disasters was obtained by the analysis of the Logistic regression. The results showed that the probability of disasters in most areas of Nyingchi was less than 40% , while the remaining area covered approximately 14.8% (18000 km2). We applied this early warning model to test the previous statistical data of mountain flood geological disasters, and found that the prediction accuracy of the occurrence and nonoccurrence of the disasters was about 87.2% and 97.7%, respectively.

  Effect of Supplementary Nutrition on the Mass Rearing of Sclrodermus guani 田春景 and 秦小萍 2019, 35 (23):  131-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030013 Abstract + ( 431 )   PDF ( 1156KB )   ( 74 ) To determine whether the parasitic efficiency, fecundity and immature duration of parasitoids, Sclrodermus guani, would be enhanced by the previous experience with feeding on supplementary nutrition. S. guani was bred with the prepupa of Tenebrio molitor by directly inoculating female parasitoid in a tube. The effects of previous feeding experience from sucrose, fructose, glucose, or honey on host parasitization, parasitoid fecundity, and offspring lifespan of this species were investigated under laboratory conditions. The results indicated that sugar- rich foods could be the potential food resources for parasitoid S. guani. The parasitoids fed on sucrose, fructose, glucose, or honey had significantly higher parasitism rate on the prepupa of Tenebrio molitor than those only fed on distilled water. The parasitoids that previously fed on glucose or honey exhibited more fertility than those only fed on distilled water, fecundity of parasitoids which fed on sucrose or fructose honey had increase but insignificant difference compare with the others. However, the immature duration of parasitoids showed no significant difference among the treatments. These findings suggested that the process of nutritional supplements of parasitoid before encountering the hosts is vital. The effects of feeding on the four natural nutritional resources on the enhancement of parasitoid activity and fecundity are equivalent. The 10% glucose is the best source of nutrition used as supplementary food for the wasp adults.

  Domestic and International Regulations on Food Labeling: A Comparative Study 2019, 35 (23):  135-141.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18080083 Abstract + ( 442 )   PDF ( 1106KB )   ( 211 ) Food labeling information is divided into mandatory labeling information and recommended labeling information, which offer an important basis for consumers to choose food and management departments to supervise food. This paper analyzes the differences of food labeling regulations, especially the food labeling specifications between China and the Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC), the European Union (EU), the USA, Australia and New Zealand. It is concluded that the range of pre-packaged foods in China is relatively small, and the labeling items such as the allergens, edible method and the production batch number are recommendatory. The labeling of ingredients presented in the nanometers is mandatory in the EU. Besides, the expressions of the shelf life, country of origin or place of provenance, irradiated food and GM food labeling are slightly different among various countries. The study provides constructive suggestions on improving the food labeling regulations and related management regulations in China.

  Bibliometric Analysis of the Effect of Climate Warming on Wheat Based on Web of Science 2019, 35 (23):  142-151.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb19020004 Abstract + ( 533 )   PDF ( 2093KB )   ( 154 ) [Objective][Method] Based on Web of ScienceTM core collection database, using R language Bibliometrix bag, the high frequency Keywordsfrom the source journals highly cited papers prolific authors in the 21st century (2000-2018) published studies on the impact of climate change on wheat literature metrological analysis, and constructed the literature cited Keywordsco-occurrence country altogether cited literature history cited clustering analysis of network graph and Keywordsconcept map, and the latest progress in the research of wheat response to climate change research hot spot and development trend. [Result][Conclusion]The results show that in terms of high-yielding countries, China, the United States, India, Australia and other countries have sent more letters in this field. China occupies four of the high-yielding authors of TOP10 in the field. The thesis is mainly published in agricultural and Forest meteorology, field crops Research, climatic and the journal. The common and cluster analysis of Keywordsshows that the current study on the effects of climate change on wheat mainly focuses on the effects of temperature changes on wheat growth and yield, the model study of the effects of climate change on wheat, the response of wheat to climate change, and the effects of CO2 concentration and temperature increase on wheat growth and yield. The historical citation analysis of the literature shows that the high articles of Local citations (LCS) are related to the model research, and it is explained that using the model to study the influence of climate change on wheat is also one of the hot spots at present.

  Distribution Regularity of Microsatellites in Scleropages formosus Genome 段永楠,,,,,, and 牟希东 2019, 35 (23):  152-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18030101 Abstract + ( 400 )   PDF ( 1313KB )   ( 229 ) This study focused on the distribution of microsatellite in the genome of golden arowana (Scleropages formosus). The quantity and distribution of whole-genome microsatellites of the international endangered species, golden arowana, were analysed based on bioinformatics methods. The results showed that there were 354,239 micrositellite sequences with 1-6 microsatellite repetitions, and the overall length was 6139487 bp. The preponderance of mononucleotide , dinucleotide, trinucleotide, tetranucleotide and pentanucleotide were A, AC, AAT, ATCC and AAAAT respectively. Among the 25 chromosomes, chromosome 6 contained the largest number of microsatellites (28662), and the chromosome 22 had the least (6929). Linear correlation (r=0.999) was observed between the number of microsatellites and the length of DNA sequences they located in. However, chromosome 22 had the highest frequency of microsatellite occurrence（576.35/Mb） and chromosome 3 had the lowest（469.65/Mb）. The result showed that the frequency of microsatellite was not related to the length of the chromosome DNA sequence in which it was located. The research provides help for the further study on genetic relationship and genetic diversity analysis in golden arowana, and the transferbility of the microsatellite markers.

  The Influencing Factors of Rural Household Energy Consumption Structure in Southwest Minorities Areas:A Case Study of Dehong and Nujiang Autonomous Prefectures of Yunnan 聂泓玮, and 2019, 35 (23):  159-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb18070012 Abstract + ( 462 )   PDF ( 1197KB )   ( 198 ) Studying the structure of household energy consumption can help to find out the reasons for the energy consumption, and to improve local energy utilization ways. Took Dehong and Nujiang autonomous prefecture of Yunnan as the cases, based on 221 valid questionnaires, the authors used the Tobit model to analyze the household energy consumption structure and its influencing factors in the study areas. The results show that: (1) the availability of resources have significant impact on the non-commodity energy consumption, the commodity energy consumption highlights its economy and convenience, topography is important explanatory variables; (2) the improvement of income level reduces the proportion of commercial energy consumption, increasing the number of rural household appliances could significantly increase the peasant household electric energy use, the primary industry such as animal husbandry could significantly increase farmers’straw biomass energy consumption, etc.; (3) the increase in religious expenditure could increase the consumption of non-commercial energy, improving Chinese proficiency of minority farmers could optimize the consumption structure of local living energy. The research results could provide a scientific basis for formulating and improving energy development policies in southwest China’s minority areas.